Roberto Risch
Biographic Data
| ID | 105354 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Roberto Risch |
| GIVEN NAMES | Roberto |
| FAMILY NAME | Risch |
| SIGNATURE | RISCH R |
| AFFILIATIONS | Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8534-5806 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 42 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 175 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 42 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1991 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Aproximación a las prácticas sociales calcolíticas a partir de la industria macrolítica del recinto de fosos de Los Melgarejos (Getafe, Madrid)
Los recintos de fosos del Calcolítico peninsular continúan representando un desafío para la investigación arqueológica debido a la dificultad de comprender las motivaciones ideológicas, económicas, políticas o simplemente defensivas que impulsaron su construcción por parte de ciertas comunidades. Para abordar su organización económica, presentamos los resultados del estudio tecno-funcional integral del conjunto de materiales macrolíticos recupera…
Grinding Stone Deposits of the Linear Pottery Culture in Central Germany
Economy of a Long-Term Chalcolithic Ditched Enclosure
The methodological centrality of geo-archaeological surveys in ceramic provenance analysis
Bronze Age Frontiers and Pottery Circulation
This paper explores the nature and dynamics of economic and political borders emerging in Later Prehistory between highly centralised and exploitative societies and their much more dispersed and small-scale neighbours. While increasing evidence indicates that Early Bronze Age entities such as El Argar, Únětice or Minoan Crete reached highly complex economic and political forms around 1850–1750 BCE, the processes by which their relations and borde…
Diverging Paths
During the Early Bronze Age (EBA), a relatively small number of European societies developed into highly centralised and hierarchical political entities. In contrast to the intensive research focused on these groups, little attention has been paid to their relationship with neighbouring populations, which had a much more egalitarian structure. In the southeast quadrant of the Iberian Peninsula, over a century of research on the EBA (ca. 2200 –155…
Crop cultivation in the Talayotic settlement of Son Fornés (Mallorca, Spain)
The Balearic Islands were colonised around the transition from the Chalcolithic to the Bronze Age, not earlier than 2300 cal bce and certainly much later than any central or eastern Mediterranean islands. The number of archaeobotanical records is low and consists mainly of cereals and a few pulses. We present here new results of our long-term study of Son Fornés, an archaeological site on Mallorca which was occupied since the beginning of the Iro…
Hacia una arqueología económica y de la explotación social
Hacia una arqueologa econmica y de la explotacin social: rplica a los comentarios a "Fuerzas productivas y relaciones de produccin en el centro y el este de la pennsula ibrica entre 2200 y 1550 a. n. e." Towards an economic and social-exploitation archeology: reply to the comments to "Productive forces and relations of production in the centre and east of the Iberian Peninsula between 2200 and 1550 BCE
Fuerzas productivas y relaciones de producción en el centro y el este de la península ibérica entre 2200 y 1550 a. n. e
Entre ca. 2200-1550 a. n. e. se manifiesta una marcada dispersión de la población del cuadrante centroriental de la península ibérica en asentamientos de pequeño tamaño y su enrocamiento en posiciones elevadas o fortificadas. Esta pauta de asentamiento, que prevalece durante más de seis siglos, resulta excepcional en la Edad del Bronce de Europa y difícilmente se explica sin una situación de conflicto social latente. El presente trabajo realiza u…
The Strength of Diversity
Any approach to the economic organization of a society depends on our knowledge of the productive forces and relations of production involved. In archaeology, this line of research requires an analysis of the technical quality and quantity of the means of production, as well as their spatial distribution and contextualisation. Macrolithic artefacts constituted the means of production in many of the productive processes of past communities, from t…
Surface roughness as a quantitative approach to use-wear on macrolithic tools
Use-wear analysis has been a well-established aspect of the study of artefact biography for decades, and it has recently developed along two different, though complementary methodological paths. While the classical or qualitative approach still relies largely on the experience gained from the combination of experimental tests, tribological principles and visual observation, new attempts try to define quantitative surface signatures. Surface topog…
Espacios y fuerzas sociales en el centro y el este de la península ibérica entre 2200 y 1550 ANE
El escrutinio de más de 100 años de investigación arqueológica en el cuadrante centro-oriental de la península ibérica ha permitido documentar 1.445 asentamientos pertenecientes a la primera Edad del Bronce (c. 2200-1550 ANE). El presente trabajo utiliza la información sobre el emplazamiento, la extensión, la duración y la distribución geográfica de estos lugares de hábitat para identificar las dinámicas de poblamiento vigentes en un espacio de 1…
Architecture and Settlement Dynamics in Central Germany from the Late Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age
The wealth of settlement evidence has supposed a decisive difference between prehistoric archaeology of the Mediterranean compared to that of Central Europe. This situation has changed substantially during recent years due to large scale rescue excavations carried out in central and eastern Germany. Individual houses as well as large settlement complexes have been systematically recorded and can now be dated to the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze…
Establishing the Middle Sea
The Late Bronze Age (1700–900 BC) represents an extremely dynamic period for Mediterranean Europe. Here, we provide a comparative survey of the archaeological record of over half a millennium within the entire northern littoral of the Mediterranean, from Greece to Iberia, incorporating archaeological, archaeometric, and bioarchaeological evidence. The picture that emerges, while certainly fragmented and not displaying a unique trajectory, reveals…
Emblems and spaces of power during the Argaric Bronze Age at La Almoloya, Murcia
The recent discovery of an exceptionally rich grave at La Almoloya in south-eastern Spain illuminates the political context of Early Bronze Age El Argar society. The quantity, variety and opulence of the grave goods emphasise the technological, economic and social dimensions of this unique culture. The assemblage includes politically and ideologically emblematic objects, among which a silver diadem stands out. Of equally exceptional character is …
Material Principles and Economic Relations Underlying Neolithic Axe Circulation in Western Europe
The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe
Evidence of bee products processing
Halberdiers and Combat Systems in the Argaric
The Argaric halberd is a specialized weapon for hand‐to‐hand combat, with its full development in the south‐east of the Iberian Peninsula between 2000 and 1800 cal BCE. This paper deals with the Argaric combat system and the factors that drove this type of confrontation, given the social order, the active and passive archaeological traces present in these weapons and their effects on the human body. This pragmatic order of directing interpersonal…
Bronze Age cereal processing in Southern Iberia
During the last two decades important progress has been made regarding functional analysis on prehistoric grinding equipment, thanks to the application of new methods and techniques. Despite these efforts studies integrating archaeology, ethnography, geology and other disciplines related to the material sciences are still rare. The main focus of this paper is placed on the grinding equipment composed of two elements, grinding slab and rubber, act…
Argaric Sociology
The detailed, rich and diverse Argaric funerary record offers an opportunity to explore social dimensions that usually remain elusive for prehistoric research, such us social rules on kinship rights and obligations, sexual tolerance and the role of funerary practices in preserving the economic and political organization. This paper addresses these topics through an analysis of the social meaning of Argaric double tombs by looking at body treatmen…
The Silversmith's Workshop of Tira Del Lienzo (Totana, Murcia) In The Context of Iberian Bronze Age Metallurgy
The south‐east of the Iberian Peninsula saw deep social and political changes at the dawn of the second millennium bce . The emergence of important economic asymmetries inside communities was apparently based to a large extent on control of the secondary metallurgical production process; namely, forging. In this sense, the recently excavated architectural complex at the Argaric site of Tira del Lienzo constitutes an exceptional finding. At this s…
Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe
Change and Continuity in Europe and the Mediterranean around 1600 bc
Based on recent evidence from both archaeological and natural sciences, in this paper we would like to sketch a historical geography of Europe and the Mediterranean around the year 1600 bc and then discuss the changes observed during the 16th century bc in relation to a possible correspondence with the Thera eruption. Our point of departure will be the sequence of events that took place during the months and years just before, during, and immedia…
When 14 C Dates Fall Beyond the Limits of Uncertainty
The aim of this article is to bring to light a serious problem affecting radiocarbon dates produced at least from 2009 onwards by the AMS Leibniz laboratory at the Christian-Albrechts-Universität (Kiel, Germany). Archaeological observations and cross-checkings between several laboratories confirm that in a significant number of dates, clear deviations of the results from chronological schemes based on stratigraphical sequences and hundreds of mea…
Establishing the Middle Sea
The Late Bronze Age (1700–900 BC) represents an extremely dynamic period for Mediterranean Europe. Here, we provide a comparative survey of the archaeological record of over half a millennium within the entire northern littoral of the Mediterranean, from Greece to Iberia, incorporating archaeological, archaeometric, and bioarchaeological evidence. The picture that emerges, while certainly fragmented and not displaying a unique trajectory, reveals…
The mechanical properties of macrolithic artifacts
Metal y relaciones sociales de producción durante el III y II milenio ANE en el sudeste de la Península Ibérica
La investigación arqueológica desarrollada durante las últimas décadas en el Sudeste de la península Ibérica ha permitido mejorar nuestro conocimiento de las estructuras sociales del Calcolítico y Bronce. Al igual que en otras regiones con importantes depósitos minerales, también en el Sudeste se plantea la cuestión acerca del papel jugado por la metalurgia en el desarrollo económico y político de la sociedad. Tras una introducción general a las …
Emblems and spaces of power during the Argaric Bronze Age at La Almoloya, Murcia
The recent discovery of an exceptionally rich grave at La Almoloya in south-eastern Spain illuminates the political context of Early Bronze Age El Argar society. The quantity, variety and opulence of the grave goods emphasise the technological, economic and social dimensions of this unique culture. The assemblage includes politically and ideologically emblematic objects, among which a silver diadem stands out. Of equally exceptional character is …
The La Bastida fortification
Recent excavations at La Bastida in south-eastern Spain have revealed an impressive stone-built fortification system dating to 2200-2100 cal BC that protected one of the main economic and political centres of Argaric Early Bronze Age society. It consists of parallel walls with projecting towers flanking a narrow entrance passage. The defensive character of these structures appears beyond question and their design suggests they were a response to …
Funerary practices and kinship in an Early Bronze Age society
Change and Continuity in Europe and the Mediterranean around 1600 bc
Based on recent evidence from both archaeological and natural sciences, in this paper we would like to sketch a historical geography of Europe and the Mediterranean around the year 1600 bc and then discuss the changes observed during the 16th century bc in relation to a possible correspondence with the Thera eruption. Our point of departure will be the sequence of events that took place during the months and years just before, during, and immedia…
Archaeology and desertification in the Vera basin (Almería, south-east Spain)
Field research and predictive modelling of global warming and desertification by environmental scientists in the Mediterranean has concentrated on the short term. In this paper, it is argued that collaboration between the historical sciences, especially archaeology, and the environmental sciences can provide a longer-term perspective on desertification in the Mediterranean. Such collaboration has taken place recently in the Vera basin (Almería, s…
Argaric Sociology
The detailed, rich and diverse Argaric funerary record offers an opportunity to explore social dimensions that usually remain elusive for prehistoric research, such us social rules on kinship rights and obligations, sexual tolerance and the role of funerary practices in preserving the economic and political organization. This paper addresses these topics through an analysis of the social meaning of Argaric double tombs by looking at body treatmen…
Property Relations in the Bronze Age of South-western Europe
Political and economic organisation of Argaric society has been one of the most interesting research topics among Iberian Prehistory. Recent debate has focused upon how to define and assess the socio-economic differentiation which is characteristic of Argaric communities, as well as the suitability of the term ‘State’ when approaching those differences at the political level. Arguments for and against it have been mainly drawn from the Argaric fu…
Environmental Exploitation and Social Structure in Prehistoric Southeast Spain
Our main concern is not only to understand past environments and societies, but also to consider the present dramatic aridification process which threatens large parts of the southeast of the Iberian peninsula and North Africa. The introduction of a more technical 'archaeology' in recent years has produced a growing body of palaeo-environmental data. Its interpretation proceeds in a rather mechanical and isolated way, producing monolithic 'histor…
Halberdiers and Combat Systems in the Argaric
The Argaric halberd is a specialized weapon for hand‐to‐hand combat, with its full development in the south‐east of the Iberian Peninsula between 2000 and 1800 cal BCE. This paper deals with the Argaric combat system and the factors that drove this type of confrontation, given the social order, the active and passive archaeological traces present in these weapons and their effects on the human body. This pragmatic order of directing interpersonal…
The Silversmith's Workshop of Tira Del Lienzo (Totana, Murcia) In The Context of Iberian Bronze Age Metallurgy
The south‐east of the Iberian Peninsula saw deep social and political changes at the dawn of the second millennium bce . The emergence of important economic asymmetries inside communities was apparently based to a large extent on control of the secondary metallurgical production process; namely, forging. In this sense, the recently excavated architectural complex at the Argaric site of Tira del Lienzo constitutes an exceptional finding. At this s…
The Strength of Diversity
Any approach to the economic organization of a society depends on our knowledge of the productive forces and relations of production involved. In archaeology, this line of research requires an analysis of the technical quality and quantity of the means of production, as well as their spatial distribution and contextualisation. Macrolithic artefacts constituted the means of production in many of the productive processes of past communities, from t…
Material Principles and Economic Relations Underlying Neolithic Axe Circulation in Western Europe
Evidence of bee products processing
When 14 C Dates Fall Beyond the Limits of Uncertainty
The aim of this article is to bring to light a serious problem affecting radiocarbon dates produced at least from 2009 onwards by the AMS Leibniz laboratory at the Christian-Albrechts-Universität (Kiel, Germany). Archaeological observations and cross-checkings between several laboratories confirm that in a significant number of dates, clear deviations of the results from chronological schemes based on stratigraphical sequences and hundreds of mea…
Diverging Paths
During the Early Bronze Age (EBA), a relatively small number of European societies developed into highly centralised and hierarchical political entities. In contrast to the intensive research focused on these groups, little attention has been paid to their relationship with neighbouring populations, which had a much more egalitarian structure. In the southeast quadrant of the Iberian Peninsula, over a century of research on the EBA (ca. 2200 –155…
Una entrevista con Hermanfrid Schubart, Moraira (Alicante, 14-XI-2012)
Hermanfrid Schubart ha sido uno de los arqueólogos más activos e influyentes del siglo XX en el ámbito de la Prehistoria de la Península Ibérica. Su labor no sólo ha supuesto la excavación e investigación de una serie de yacimientos destacados de las Edades del Cobre, el Bronce y el Hierro, sino también un importante impulso metodológico para la arqueología desde su convicción que solo el desarrollo de intervenciones extensivas en asentamientos y…
Bronze Age Frontiers and Pottery Circulation
This paper explores the nature and dynamics of economic and political borders emerging in Later Prehistory between highly centralised and exploitative societies and their much more dispersed and small-scale neighbours. While increasing evidence indicates that Early Bronze Age entities such as El Argar, Únětice or Minoan Crete reached highly complex economic and political forms around 1850–1750 BCE, the processes by which their relations and borde…
Espacios y fuerzas sociales en el centro y el este de la península ibérica entre 2200 y 1550 ANE
El escrutinio de más de 100 años de investigación arqueológica en el cuadrante centro-oriental de la península ibérica ha permitido documentar 1.445 asentamientos pertenecientes a la primera Edad del Bronce (c. 2200-1550 ANE). El presente trabajo utiliza la información sobre el emplazamiento, la extensión, la duración y la distribución geográfica de estos lugares de hábitat para identificar las dinámicas de poblamiento vigentes en un espacio de 1…
The Prehistoric Axe Factory at Sanganakallu-Kupgal (Bellary District), Southern India
A 10-30m wide dolerite dyke on the northernmost of the complex of granite hills in the Sanganakallu-Kupgal area became one of the main sources of raw material for the production of stone axes in southern India during the late prehistoric period. At least three large hill settlements (several hectares each) were established in the hill complex, and one of them appears to have gradually developed into a large-scale production centre. Quarrying and …
An island decides
Recent research including 781 radiocarbon dates and the excavation of Ses Arenes de Baix, has allowed a new review of the sequence of megalithic burial practice on Menorca. Rock-cut tombs, dolmens, caves with entrance-works and the famous boat-shaped houses and tombs (navetes) are placed in overlapping chronological order. The authors suggest that, while aware of contemporary developments on the continent, the Bronze Age islanders absorbed immigr…
Grinding Stone Deposits of the Linear Pottery Culture in Central Germany
Fuerzas productivas y relaciones de producción en el centro y el este de la península ibérica entre 2200 y 1550 a. n. e
Entre ca. 2200-1550 a. n. e. se manifiesta una marcada dispersión de la población del cuadrante centroriental de la península ibérica en asentamientos de pequeño tamaño y su enrocamiento en posiciones elevadas o fortificadas. Esta pauta de asentamiento, que prevalece durante más de seis siglos, resulta excepcional en la Edad del Bronce de Europa y difícilmente se explica sin una situación de conflicto social latente. El presente trabajo realiza u…
Las estelas argáricas de Fuente Álamo
Durante los trabajos de excavación llevados a cabo recientemente en el poblado argárico de Fuente Álamo (Cuevas de Almanzora, Almería) ha sido descubierto un nuevo tipo de estelas «antropomorfas», desconocido hasta el momento en la Península Ibérica. La discusión del contexto arqueológico y el análisis morfométrico y material de estas estelas aportan una serie de reflexiones sobre su significado cultural y simbólico
Environmental Exploitation and Social Structure in Prehistoric Southeast Spain
Our main concern is not only to understand past environments and societies, but also to consider the present dramatic aridification process which threatens large parts of the southeast of the Iberian peninsula and North Africa. The introduction of a more technical 'archaeology' in recent years has produced a growing body of palaeo-environmental data. Its interpretation proceeds in a rather mechanical and isolated way, producing monolithic 'histor…
Agricultural production and social change in the Bronze Age of southeast Spain
This paper presents new data on agricultural production, the palaeoenvironment and social change during the Bronze Age of southeast Spain. The authors argue against the inference of irrigation as the basis for agriculture and relate the emergence of cereal monoculture to the extraction of surplus and the exploitation of human labour
Archaeology and desertification in the Vera basin (Almería, south-east Spain)
Field research and predictive modelling of global warming and desertification by environmental scientists in the Mediterranean has concentrated on the short term. In this paper, it is argued that collaboration between the historical sciences, especially archaeology, and the environmental sciences can provide a longer-term perspective on desertification in the Mediterranean. Such collaboration has taken place recently in the Vera basin (Almería, s…
Property Relations in the Bronze Age of South-western Europe
Political and economic organisation of Argaric society has been one of the most interesting research topics among Iberian Prehistory. Recent debate has focused upon how to define and assess the socio-economic differentiation which is characteristic of Argaric communities, as well as the suitability of the term ‘State’ when approaching those differences at the political level. Arguments for and against it have been mainly drawn from the Argaric fu…
An island decides
Recent research including 781 radiocarbon dates and the excavation of Ses Arenes de Baix, has allowed a new review of the sequence of megalithic burial practice on Menorca. Rock-cut tombs, dolmens, caves with entrance-works and the famous boat-shaped houses and tombs (navetes) are placed in overlapping chronological order. The authors suggest that, while aware of contemporary developments on the continent, the Bronze Age islanders absorbed immigr…
Dimensiones naturales y sociales de la producción de hachas de piedra en el noreste de la Península Ibérica
En comparación con otras zonas de Europa occidental, la península Ibérica se caracteriza por una notable escasez de evidencias relativas a la producción de hachas pulimentadas prehistóricas. El presente artículo aborda esta problemática a partir del estudio de la fabricación y la distribución de útiles de corneana en el noreste peninsular. La combinación de análisis petrográficos y geomorfológicos, así como la consideración de un tipo de material…
The Prehistoric Axe Factory at Sanganakallu-Kupgal (Bellary District), Southern India
A 10-30m wide dolerite dyke on the northernmost of the complex of granite hills in the Sanganakallu-Kupgal area became one of the main sources of raw material for the production of stone axes in southern India during the late prehistoric period. At least three large hill settlements (several hectares each) were established in the hill complex, and one of them appears to have gradually developed into a large-scale production centre. Quarrying and …
The mechanical properties of macrolithic artifacts
Metal y relaciones sociales de producción durante el III y II milenio ANE en el sudeste de la Península Ibérica
La investigación arqueológica desarrollada durante las últimas décadas en el Sudeste de la península Ibérica ha permitido mejorar nuestro conocimiento de las estructuras sociales del Calcolítico y Bronce. Al igual que en otras regiones con importantes depósitos minerales, también en el Sudeste se plantea la cuestión acerca del papel jugado por la metalurgia en el desarrollo económico y político de la sociedad. Tras una introducción general a las …
Lithic technology and social transformations in the South Indian Neolithic
Here we examine patterns in stone tool technology among Mesolithic, Neolithic and Iron Age localities in the Sanganakallu–Kupgal site complex, Bellary District, Karnataka, South India. Statistical tests are used to compare proportions of raw materials and artefact types, and to compare central tendencies in metric variables taken on flakes and tools. Lithic-related findings support the inference of at least two distinct technological and economic…
The Bronze Age in the Balearic Islands
This article discusses the Bronze Age of the Balearic Islands, which were divided into the Pine Islands and the Gymnesian Islands. It introduces the ‘Talayotic Culture’, which is characterised by monumental buildings that have a square or circular floor plan (talaiots) and are built from huge stone blocks without using any type of mortar. The article studies the initial occupation in Mallorca, where the inhabitants lived in rock shelters and cave…
Bronze Age Iberia
The start and end of the Bronze Age in the Iberian Peninsula were marked by two historical events, neither of which greatly affected the communities in the area. This article takes a look at the various societies located in the peninsula, as well as the three main periods that comprise the Bronze Age. It first studies the Early Bronze Age, which started with the crisis of the Copper Age societies of the Bell Beaker tradition. The most popular arc…
Funerary practices and kinship in an Early Bronze Age society
Una entrevista con Hermanfrid Schubart, Moraira (Alicante, 14-XI-2012)
Hermanfrid Schubart ha sido uno de los arqueólogos más activos e influyentes del siglo XX en el ámbito de la Prehistoria de la Península Ibérica. Su labor no sólo ha supuesto la excavación e investigación de una serie de yacimientos destacados de las Edades del Cobre, el Bronce y el Hierro, sino también un importante impulso metodológico para la arqueología desde su convicción que solo el desarrollo de intervenciones extensivas en asentamientos y…
Mazas Ocultas. Rastros De Minería Prehistórica en El Cerro Minado De Huercal-Overa (Almería)
La metalurgia en el sureste peninsular jugó un papel destacado en el desarrollo de los grupos arqueológicos de Los Millares y El Argar. Sin embargo, hasta la fecha uno de los aspectos determinantes de la producción metalúrgica prehistórica continúa siendo prácticamente des- conocido: la minería. Recientemente este panorama ha cambiado gracias a la identif icación inequívoca de evidencias de minería prehistórica en la mina de Cerro Minado, en el n…
The La Bastida fortification
Recent excavations at La Bastida in south-eastern Spain have revealed an impressive stone-built fortification system dating to 2200-2100 cal BC that protected one of the main economic and political centres of Argaric Early Bronze Age society. It consists of parallel walls with projecting towers flanking a narrow entrance passage. The defensive character of these structures appears beyond question and their design suggests they were a response to …
Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe
Change and Continuity in Europe and the Mediterranean around 1600 bc
Based on recent evidence from both archaeological and natural sciences, in this paper we would like to sketch a historical geography of Europe and the Mediterranean around the year 1600 bc and then discuss the changes observed during the 16th century bc in relation to a possible correspondence with the Thera eruption. Our point of departure will be the sequence of events that took place during the months and years just before, during, and immedia…
When 14 C Dates Fall Beyond the Limits of Uncertainty
The aim of this article is to bring to light a serious problem affecting radiocarbon dates produced at least from 2009 onwards by the AMS Leibniz laboratory at the Christian-Albrechts-Universität (Kiel, Germany). Archaeological observations and cross-checkings between several laboratories confirm that in a significant number of dates, clear deviations of the results from chronological schemes based on stratigraphical sequences and hundreds of mea…
Bronze Age cereal processing in Southern Iberia
During the last two decades important progress has been made regarding functional analysis on prehistoric grinding equipment, thanks to the application of new methods and techniques. Despite these efforts studies integrating archaeology, ethnography, geology and other disciplines related to the material sciences are still rare. The main focus of this paper is placed on the grinding equipment composed of two elements, grinding slab and rubber, act…
Argaric Sociology
The detailed, rich and diverse Argaric funerary record offers an opportunity to explore social dimensions that usually remain elusive for prehistoric research, such us social rules on kinship rights and obligations, sexual tolerance and the role of funerary practices in preserving the economic and political organization. This paper addresses these topics through an analysis of the social meaning of Argaric double tombs by looking at body treatmen…
The Silversmith's Workshop of Tira Del Lienzo (Totana, Murcia) In The Context of Iberian Bronze Age Metallurgy
The south‐east of the Iberian Peninsula saw deep social and political changes at the dawn of the second millennium bce . The emergence of important economic asymmetries inside communities was apparently based to a large extent on control of the secondary metallurgical production process; namely, forging. In this sense, the recently excavated architectural complex at the Argaric site of Tira del Lienzo constitutes an exceptional finding. At this s…
Evidence of bee products processing
Halberdiers and Combat Systems in the Argaric
The Argaric halberd is a specialized weapon for hand‐to‐hand combat, with its full development in the south‐east of the Iberian Peninsula between 2000 and 1800 cal BCE. This paper deals with the Argaric combat system and the factors that drove this type of confrontation, given the social order, the active and passive archaeological traces present in these weapons and their effects on the human body. This pragmatic order of directing interpersonal…
Geography (35 works) · Archaeology (31 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (31 works) · Archaeological and Geological Studies (23 works) · History (23 works) · Ancient history (17 works) · Bronze Age (17 works) · History (16 works) · Archaeological and Historical Studies (13 works) · Art (11 works)