H P Schwarcz
Biographic Data
| ID | 1072 |
|---|---|
| NAME | H P Schwarcz |
| GIVEN NAMES | H P |
| FAMILY NAME | Schwarcz |
| SIGNATURE | SCHWARCZ H P |
| AFFILIATIONS | McMaster University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8936-9984 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 114 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 3053 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 114 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1978 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2023 |
| H-INDEX | 32 |
Plant foods
Winter sources of ascorbic acid for Pleistocene hominins in northern Eurasia
Assessing Gallo-Roman mobility at the Rue Jacques Brel necropolis site (1st to 3rd c. CE), France
Examining prehistoric diet at Tung Wan Tsai, Ma Wan Island, Hong Kong through stable isotope analysis
In this study we describe some of the earliest human bone collagen δ13C and δ15N values from the Lingnan region in Southeast Asia. The samples (n = 10) derive from skeletal remains recovered from the Tung Wan Tsai site in Hong Kong and date to the Late Neolithic Period (ca. 2200–1500 BC). Our results show that the earliest inhabitants of Hong Kong relied heavily on marine resources, specializing particularly in high-trophic species. As organic pr…
The Green Deer
Archaeologists have used isotope analysis (δ13C, δ15N) of the collagen of human bones, as well as knowledge of available nutrients, to infer that the diet of the ancient Maya was drawn from the resources of the Maya forest landscape. The interpretations have focused on plant carbohydrates from maize and protein dominated by white-tail deer. The δ15N values of bone collagen suggest that most of the protein requirements of the Maya could have been …
Theoretical and observed C/N ratios in human bone collagen
Imperial Roman mobility and migration at Velia (1st to 2nd c. CE) in southern Italy
Ancient Roman mitochondrial genomes and isotopes reveal relationships and geographic origins at the local and pan-Mediterranean scales
Testing the validity of stable isotope analyses of dental calculus as a proxy in paleodietary studies
Mapping the origins of Imperial Roman workers (1st–4th century CE) at Vagnari, Southern Italy, using 87 Sr/ 86 Sr and δ 18 O variability
Objectives We obtained the oxygen and strontium isotope composition of teeth from Roman period (1st to 4th century CE) inhabitants buried in the Vagnari cemetery (Southern Italy), and present the first strontium isotope variation map of the Italian peninsula using previously published data sets and new strontium data. We test the hypothesis that the Vagnari population was predominantly composed of local individuals, instead of migrants originatin…
Geographic origins of a War of 1812 skeletal sample integrating oxygen and strontium isotopes with GIS-based multi-criteria evaluation analysis
Exploring Dietary Variability in a War of 1812 Skeletal Collection from Stoney Creek, Ontario, Using Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes
You are not what you eat during physiological stress
Variation in δ 13 C and δ 15 N values can be assessed to understand not only diet, but also the influence of physiological factors on an individual. The metabolic balance of an individual can impact isotopic signals in tissues that are forming during the periods of metabolic stress. Fluctuating δ 15 N values are associated with physiological stressors that alter an individual's metabolism such as infection, injury, or pregnancy. This study examin…
Isotopic studies of the diet of the people of the coast of B ritish C olumbia
In 1982, Chisholm et al. used δ 13 C data for human burials from shell midden sites widely distributed on the coast of British Columbia (BC) to show the extreme dependence of these individuals on high trophic level marine consumers, principally salmon and marine mammals. Here, we present previously unpublished analyses of δ 15 N for some of the same individuals as well as δ 13 C data for additional individuals. Nitrogen isotope data show that the…
Refining Estimates for the Season of Shellfish Collection on the Pacific Northwest Coast
Stable oxygen isotopes from estuarine bivalve carbonate from Saxidomus gigantea were analysed combined with high‐resolution sclerochronology from modern and archaeological shells from British Columbia, Canada, to determine the seasonality of shellfish collection from the archaeological site of Namu. The combination of high‐resolution sclerochronology and a micro‐milled sampling strategy for δ 18 O analysis permits a precise estimate of archaeolog…
Inter-site variability in the season of shellfish collection on the central coast of British Columbia
Paleoclimate during Neandertal and anatomically modern human occupation at Amud and Qafzeh, Israel
Oxygen isotopic evidence of residence and migration in a Greek colonial population on the Black Sea
Contextes et âge des nouveaux restes dentaires humains du Pléistocène moyen de la carrière Thomas I à Casablanca (Maroc)
Contexts and age of the new dental human fossils from Middle Pleistocene deposits at Thomas Quarry I (Casablanca, Morocco) – The Thomas Quarry I locality became famous in 1969 with the discovery of a human half-mandible in a cave. From 1988 onwards, modern controlled excavations took place within the framework of the Franco-Moroccan co-operative project “ Casablanca.” The stratigraphy of Thomas I Quarry is complex and represents several major epi…
Possible paleohydrologic and paleoclimatic effects on hominin migration and occupation of the Levantine Middle Paleolithic☆
The children of Kaminaljuyu
New parameters for the characterization of diagenetic alterations and heat-induced changes of fossil bone mineral using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry
Potential consequences of a Mid-Pleistocene impact event for the Middle Stone Age occupants of Dakhleh Oasis, Western Desert, Egypt
Stable isotopic evidence for diet in a Roman and Late Roman population from Leptiminus, Tunisia
Isotopic and dental evidence for infant and young child feeding practices in an imperial Roman skeletal sample
This study integrates isotopic, palaeopathological, and historical evidence to investigate infant and young child feeding practices in a Roman period (1st to 3rd centuries AD) skeletal sample from the Isola Sacra necropolis (Rome, Italy). Stable isotope analysis of bone collagen from 37 rib samples indicates that transitional feeding began by the end of the first year and weaning occurred by 2–2.5 years of age. Both δ 15 N and δ 13 C data clearly…
Stable isotope analyses in human nutritional ecology
Extracting nutrients is of upmost importance to the survival of any individual or species. One of the distinguishing characteristics of the order Primates is the vast range of nutritional adaptations it exhibits. Within our own species all manner of adaptations are practiced and it has been a major focus of research to determine when and where these various patterns originated. We present one method based on stable isotope analysis in human tissu…
ESR dates for the hominid burial site of Qafzeh in Israel
Infrared and Isotopic Evidence for Diagenesis of Bone Apatite at Dos Pilas, Guatemala
Isotopic paleodiet studies of skeletons from the Imperial Roman-age cemetery of Isola Sacra, Rome, Italy
Correspondence Between Stable Carbon, Oxygen and Nitrogen Isotopes in Human Tooth Enamel and Dentine
N Enrichment in the Sahara
The Mesolithic-Neolithic Transition in Portugal
Oxygen Isotopes and the Identification of Geographical Origins
Some theoretical aspects of isotope paleodiet studies
Isotope Assessment and the Seasonal-Mobility Hypothesis in the Southwestern Cape of South Africa [and Comments and Replies]
This paper consists of a stable carbon isotopic assessment of the diets of the Holocene human inhabitants of the southwestern Cape, South Africa. Samples of the foods these people ate were collected from each of the four major physiographic zones in the area and their 13C/12C rations measured. A total of more than 200 such analyses enabled the estimation of the average 13C values of prehistoric human diets in each zone. This information is used t…
Strangers in a Strange Land
Stable isotopes in human skeletons of Southern Ontario
New parameters for the characterization of diagenetic alterations and heat-induced changes of fossil bone mineral using Fourier transform infrared spectrometry
Infant feeding and weaning practices in Roman Egypt
Current knowledge of infant feeding and weaning practices during the Roman period in Egypt is limited to scanty documentary and iconographic evidence. Stable nitrogen and carbon isotope analysis provides another avenue to explore this question. A sample of 49 infant and juvenile human skeletal remains from the Kellis 2 cemetery in the Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt, was used to determine patterns of infant feeding and weaning. δ 15 N values indicate that s…
ESR dating of teeth from Garrod's Tabun cave collection
Marine and Terrestrial Protein in Prehistoric Diets on the British Columbia Coast
Ancient Maya diet
Isotopic Evidence for Maya Patterns of Deer and Dog Use at Preclassic Colha
The 1992–1993 Excavations at the Die Kelders Middle and Later Stone Age Cave Site, South Africa
Renewed excavations at Die Kelders Cave 1, South Africa, have confirmed and augmented prior findings. The new excavations focused on the Middle Stone Age (MSA) deposits, but they added seeds, pips, and crayfish to the categories of Later Stone Age (LSA) food debris and artifacts recovered earlier. With respect to the MSA deposits, the principal new findings are: 1) previously unrecognized site formation processes ,including phosphatization by gua…
Isotopic and dental evidence for infant and young child feeding practices in an imperial Roman skeletal sample
This study integrates isotopic, palaeopathological, and historical evidence to investigate infant and young child feeding practices in a Roman period (1st to 3rd centuries AD) skeletal sample from the Isola Sacra necropolis (Rome, Italy). Stable isotope analysis of bone collagen from 37 rib samples indicates that transitional feeding began by the end of the first year and weaning occurred by 2–2.5 years of age. Both δ 15 N and δ 13 C data clearly…
ESR dating studies of the australopithecine site of Sterkfontein, South Africa
Stable isotopic evidence for diet in a Roman and Late Roman population from Leptiminus, Tunisia
Marine-based Subsistence Trends and the Stable Isotope Analysis of Dog Bones from Namu, British Columbia
Carbon isotope measurement techniques for bone collagen
Timing of the Lower to Middle Paleolithic boundary
Late Pleistocene Sea Level History of Bermuda
The timing of eustatic sea level fluctuations over the vertical range + 15 to −11 m has been deduced from 230 Th/ 234 U dating of Bermudan corals and speleothems. On this tectonically stable carbonate island, interglacial periods are characterized by platform submergence, development of patch reefs, and the deposition of littoral and eolian carbonates, whereas glacial periods are times of platform emergence, carbonate diagenesis, soil development…
Late Pleistocene Paleoclimates of North America as Inferred from Stable Isotope Studies of Speleothems
Some speleothems (CaCO 3 cave deposits) can be demonstrated to have been formed in oxygen isotopic equilibrium with their parent seepage waters and thus a record of relative fluctuations in depositional temperature can be obtained from the δ 18 O variations in successive growth layers of such deposits. These temperature fluctuations reflect variations in the average annual air temperature at the surface above the cave, and therefore permit infere…
Absolute Age Determination of Archaeological Sites by Uranium Series Dating of Travertines
Stable-Carbon Isotope Ratios as a Measure of Marine Versus Terrestrial Protein in Ancient Diets
The stable-carbon isotope ratios for the flesh of marine and terrestrial animals from Canada's Pacific coast differ by 7.9 ± 0.4 per mil, reflecting the ∼ 7 per mil difference between oceanic and atmospheric carbon. This difference is passed on to human consumers. The carbon isotopic values (δ 13 C) for human collagen thus yield direct information on the relative amounts of marine and terrestrial foods in prehistoric diets.
A review of the chronology of the European Middle Pleistocene hominid record
Over the last seventy years, European hominid fossils and associated archaeological remains have been dated by reference to the classical, fourfold glacial/interglacial subdivision of the Pleistocene. This method seemed relatively straightforward and precise especially as new discoveries were fitted into the schemes, apparently strengthening the correlations and increasing their validity. However, recent studies of deep-sea cores and terrestrial …
Carbon isotope measurement techniques for bone collagen
Absolute dating of hominids and palaeolithic artifacts of the cave of La Chaise-de-Vouthon (Charente), France
Marine and Terrestrial Protein in Prehistoric Diets on the British Columbia Coast
Uranium-series age determination of travertines from the site of Vértesszöllös, Hungary
Stable isotopes in human skeletons of Southern Ontario
Uranium-Series Dates for the Lower Paleolithic Site of Belle Roche, Belgium
U-Series Analyses of the Lower Travertine at Ehringsdorf, DDR
U-series analyses have been made of travertine samples from the archaeological site at Ehringsdorf-Weimar. The lower Travertine, in which hominid remains were found, yields apparent ages from >350,000 to 200,000 yr. Correlation between isotope ratios yields an age of about 230,000 yr. One sample of the upper Travertine gives and age of 111,000 ± 47,000 yr. Both upper and lower travertines contain fauna and flora indicative of interglacial conditi…
The variation in δ13C values in bone collagen for two wild herbivore populations
Assessment of Prehistoric Bison Foraging and Movement Patterns Via Stable-Carbon Isotopic Analysis
Whether or not bison made regular seasonal movements in the Northern Plains has generated some controversy in archaeology, yet there has been little empirical data to support or refute the hypothesis that bison made seasonal migrations. The various vegetation zones through which seasonal movements may have been made contain varying amounts of C3 and C4 plants. If bison did make seasonal movements, preserved bone collagen should exhibit fairly con…
Carbon Isotope Ratios in Palaeodiet
Palaeodiet of humans can be determined using stable carbon isotope ratios of bone collagen. Differences in δ 13 C‐values between individuals in a population may be due to real differences in diet, or alternatively, they could be due to age‐ or sex‐dependent differences in the physiologically controlled fractionation of carbon isotopes between food and collagen. The dependence of this fractionation on age and sex was tested in a study of 50 indivi…
Isotope Assessment and the Seasonal-Mobility Hypothesis in the Southwestern Cape of South Africa [and Comments and Replies]
This paper consists of a stable carbon isotopic assessment of the diets of the Holocene human inhabitants of the southwestern Cape, South Africa. Samples of the foods these people ate were collected from each of the four major physiographic zones in the area and their 13C/12C rations measured. A total of more than 200 such analyses enabled the estimation of the average 13C values of prehistoric human diets in each zone. This information is used t…
Fishing and Foraging
Discussion Comments on Multiple Dating of a Long Flowstone Profile
We strongly welcome the investigation by Geyh and Hennig (1986) and agree with their conclusion that the boundaries of the interglacial periods cannot be determined exactly using the methods applied so far in the Heggen cave. However, since we have been engaged for several years in the application of these methods (except 14 C), and since the paper gives a very different interpretation of the ESR results from that presented by one of us (Grün, 19…
Electron Spin Resonance Dating of the Pleistocene Coral Reef Tracts of Barbados
The reef tracts of Barbados have been investigated by electron spin resonance dating; all parameters necessary for ESR dating (including effective α-efficiency and thermal stability) were determined without cross checking with another independent dating method. In addition, some U-series analyses were carried out in order to test the reliability of ESR. In most cases, the results show a satisfactory agreement between ESR and both these and previo…
Comment on M. Sarnthein, H. E. Stremme, and A. Mangini, “The holstein Interglaciation
Comment on M. Sarnthein, H. E. Stremme, and A. Mangini, “The holstein Interglaciation: Time-Stratigraphic Position and Correlation to Stable-Isotope Stratigraphy of Deep-Sea Sediments” - Volume 29 Issue 1
ESR dating of level L 2/3 at La Micoque (Dordogne), France
Electron spin resonance (ESR) dates have been obtained on enamel from horse teeth found in Layer L 2/3 of the lower Paleolithic archaeological site of La Micoque. the age given by six of the seven samples analyzed is between 241 ± 15 and 288 ± 10 ka, the ages given by models that postulate early or continuous (linear) uptake of uranium by the tooth, respectively
The Bilzingsleben Archaeological Site
New absolute dates have been obtained for the Bilzingsleben (D.D.R.) archaeological site, using uranium‐series analyses of travertine, and electron spin resonance (ESR) analyses of travertine and tooth enamel of rhinoceros. The results indicate that the site was apparently occupied during interglacial isotope stages 9 or 11. The surrounding terrain has been subsequently dissected by at least three discrete stages of fluvial erosion during succeed…
ESR dates for the hominid burial site of Qafzeh in Israel
ESR dates for the hominid burial site of Es Skhul in Israel
Uranium series dating of Quaternary deposits
Archaeology (84 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (82 works) · Geography (82 works) · Geology (63 works) · Isotope Analysis in Ecology (49 works) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (48 works) · Biology (43 works) · Geology and Paleoclimatology Research (40 works) · Paleontology (39 works) · Geology (33 works)