R Crosnoe
Biographic Data
| ID | 110413 |
|---|---|
| NAME | R Crosnoe |
| GIVEN NAMES | R |
| FAMILY NAME | Crosnoe |
| SIGNATURE | CROSNOE R |
| AFFILIATIONS | The University of Texas at Austin |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5861-0555 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 135 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1753 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 135 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2000 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 26 |
Coresidence With a Family Member With a Health Limitation and Alcohol Use Among Midlife Adults
What Mothers of Children with Disabilities are Telling Us
The challenges of being a mother in the united states can be great and are often only heightened for women raising children with disabilities. interviews with mothers not only confirmed this reality, but also revealed ways that such mothers grow, adapt, find joy, and demonstrate resilience on their long journeys of raising their children over many decades
Comparing the Role of Selection in Early Adolescent Substance Use Disparities Related to Single-Mother Family Structures Across Three Affluent Countries
This study investigated the association between family structure and the onset of substance use by early adolescence (e.g., before age 14) in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States, with a focus on the role of selection in this association. Leveraging nationally representative surveys, logistic regression models estimated this association while iteratively controlling for three sets of selection mechanisms and testing for differenti…
Life Course Dynamics in the Health of Mothers Raising Children with Serious Conditions
Although raising children with serious conditions is known to be associated with poorer parental well-being, recent research following a life course perspective highlights how these associations accumulate over time. Expanding this perspective on long-term dynamics of this parental experience, this study examined how three conceptualizations of the 'intensity' of this parental role-caregiving duration, cumulative transitions into this role, and t…
Mothers' work conditions, income, and parenting of young children
Mindsets, contexts, and college enrollment
Socioeconomic disparities in academic progress have persisted throughout the history of the United States, and growth mindset interventions-which shift beliefs about the malleability of intelligence-have shown promise in reducing these disparities. Both the study of such disparities and how to remedy them can benefit from taking the "long view" on adolescent development, following the tradition of John Schulenberg. To do so, this study focuses on…
Adolescence in the life course spotlight
The articles in this special issue were inspired by the late John Schulenberg's long view of adolescence, a perspective that emphasizes the integral role that the teens and twenties play in the life course. Using multiple longitudinal data sources to explore myriad developmental topics, the authors delve into the ways that adolescence connects, disrupts, and stands out from childhood and adulthood as a means of integrating rather than isolating t…
Employment Resources and the Physical and Mental Health of Mothers of Young Children
This study explored resources from paid employment that could promote women's health during a vulnerable period of motherhood (raising young children). Following theoretical perspectives on work-family interplay and stress, it tested two sets of hypotheses by applying cross-lagged modeling techniques to nationally representative data on mothers from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort ( n = 7450) and occupational conditions from t…
Family Formation History and the Psychological Well-Being of Women from Diverse Racial-Ethnic Groups
Studying disparities in psychological well-being across diverse groups of women can illuminate the racialized health risks of gendered family life. Integrating life course and demand-reward perspectives, this study applied sequencing techniques to the National Longitudinal Study of Youth: 1979 to reveal seven trajectories of partnership and parenthood through women's 20s and 30s, including several in which parenthood followed partnership at diffe…
Unpacking the linkages between single parent households and early adolescent adjustment
Teacher Mindsets Help Explain Where a Growth-Mindset Intervention Does and Doesn’t Work
A growth-mindset intervention teaches the belief that intellectual abilities can be developed. Where does the intervention work best? Prior research examined school-level moderators using data from the National Study of Learning Mindsets (NSLM), which delivered a short growth-mindset intervention during the first year of high school. In the present research, we used data from the NSLM to examine moderation by teachers’ mindsets and answer a new q…
The health of mothers of adult children with serious conditions
Objectives: This study examined the association between parenting adult children with serious conditions and mothers' midlife health in the United States. Background: The literature about the link between the parenting status of having an adult child with a serious condition and maternal wellbeing can be advanced by systematic analysis of the cumulative role that this parenting status can play in maternal health over the life course as opposed to…
School-based extracurricular activity involvement and high school dropout among at-risk students
Encouraging involvement in school-based extracurricular activities (ECA) may be important for preventing high school dropout. However, the potential of these activities remains underexploited, perhaps because studies linking ECA involvement and dropout are rare and based on decades-old data. Previous studies also ignore key parameters of student involvement. The present study expands and updates this limited literature by using recent data from a…
A cross-national comparison of the linkages between family structure histories and early adolescent substance use
Maternal education and early childhood education across affluent English-speaking countries
Women who attain more education tend to have children with more educational opportunities, a transmission of educational advantages across generations that is embedded in the larger structures of families’ societies. Investigating such country-level variation with a life-course model, this study estimated associations of mothers’ educational attainment with their young children’s enrollment in early childhood education and engagement in cognitive…
Contextualizing the Social and Educational Journeys of Adolescents within the Life Course
What happens during adolescence emerges from early in life and sets the stage for later in life. This linking function of adolescence within the life course is grounded in social, psychological, and biological development and is fundamental to the intergenerational transmission of societal inequalities. This article explores this life course phenomenon by focusing on how the social ups and downs of secondary school shape adolescents’ educational …
Family Structure and Secondary Exposure to Violence in the Context of Varying Neighborhood Risks and Resources
Secondary exposure to violence in the community is a prevalent developmental risk with implications for youths’ short- and long-term socioemotional functioning. This study used longitudinal, multilevel data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods to consider how family structure, including parental instability, is associated with youths’ secondary exposure to violence across diverse neighborhood contexts. Results showed tha…
The Developmental Significance of Looks from Middle Childhood to Early Adolescence
Physical appearance during the transition into adolescence matters for youths' socioemotional development. This study explored these implications by adding visual data to the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (n = 1,049) to test how others' ratings of youths' looks (1 = very unattractive to 5 = very attractive) at the beginning (grade 3) and end (grade 9) of this transition shaped their emotional well-being, popularity/likabil…
The development of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) efficacy and identity among Mexican-origin youth across Latino/a destinations
Persistence in high school curricula leading to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) careers is structured by complex institutional systems, but developmental processes underlie how young people navigate these systems. This study examined differences in the development of STEM identity and efficacy during high school among Mexican-origin youth-a large and fast-growing demographic group that shows developmental assets and risks…
Life Chances, Education, and Social Movements
Why do extracurricular activities prevent dropout more effectively in some high schools than in others? A mixed-method examination of organizational dynamics
This study describes policies and practices implemented in 12 high schools (Quebec, Canada) that more or less effectively leveraged extracurricular activities (ECA) to prevent dropout among vulnerable students. Following an explanatory sequential mixed design, three school profiles ( Effective, Ineffective , and Mixed ) were derived based on quantitative student-reported data. Qualitative interviews with frontline staff revealed that in Effective…
Concentrated Poverty in U.S. Schools and Adolescents’ Risk of Being Overweight
The economic segregation of U.S. schools undermines the academic performance of students, particularly students from low-income families who are often concentrated in high-poverty schools. Yet it also fuels the reproduction of inequality by harming their physical health. Integrating research on school effects with social psychological and ecological theories on how local contexts shape life course outcomes, we examined a conceptual model linking …
The grass is always greener on the other side”
Crowd Sourcing
During the transition into high school, adolescents sort large sets of unfamiliar peers into prototypical peer crowds thought to share similar values, behaviors, and interests (e.g., Jocks). Often, such sorting is based solely on appearance. This study investigates the accuracy of this sorting process in relation to actual characteristics using video and survey data from a longitudinal sample of U.S. youths who attended high school in the mid- to…
Family structure patterns from childhood through adolescence and the timing of cohabitation among diverse groups of young adult women and men
Family structure changes experienced by children are likely to shape their transitions into young adulthood, including the formation of their own romantic relationships. This study examined links between children's family structure trajectories from childhood through adolescence and their timing of entry into cohabitation as young adults, a transition with implications for future relationship instability through adulthood. Repeated measures laten…
Students' Attachment and Academic Engagement
Monica Kirkpatrick Johnson, Robert Crosnoe, Glen H. Elder, Jr., Students' Attachment and Academic Engagement: The Role of Race and Ethnicity, Sociology of Education, Vol. 74, No. 4 (Oct., 2001), pp. 318-340
Low-Income Students and the Socioeconomic Composition of Public High Schools
Increasing constraints placed on race-based school diversification have shifted attention to socioeconomic desegregation. Although past research suggests that socioeconomic desegregation can produce heightened achievement, the "frog pond" perspective points to potential problems with socioeconomic desegregation in nonachievement domains. Such problems are important in their own right, and they may also chip away at the magnitude of potential achi…
Intergenerational Bonding in School
To explore the significance of social integration in the educational system, this study examined whether student-teacher relationships predicted two important student behavioral outcomes (academic achievement and disciplinary problems); whether these within-school intragenerational relationships were predicted by the structural, compositional, and climate-related characteristics of schools; and how the behavioral and contextual correlates of stud…
The Social Dynamics of Mathematics Coursetaking in High School
This study examines how high school boys' and girls' academic effort, in the form of math coursetaking, is influenced by members of their social contexts. The authors argue that adolescents' social contexts are defined, in part, by clusters of students (termed "local positions") who take courses that differentiate them from others. Using course transcript data from the recent Adolescent Health and Academic Achievement Study, the authors employ a …
Adolescent Friendships as Academic Resources
Research on adolescent friendships has typically treated these social ties differently from friendships at other stages of life or from other relationships during adolescence. To draw parallels among these literatures, this study focuses on two largely neglected aspects of adolescent friendships: their role in positive adjustment and the way in which this role varies by social structural and institutional context. In an analysis of data from 9,22…
Friendships in Childhood and Adolescence
Robert Crosnoe, Friendships in Childhood and Adolescence: The Life Course and New Directions, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 63, No. 4, Special Millenium Issue on the State of Sociological Social Psychology (Dec., 2000), pp. 377-391
Social Capital and the Interplay of Families and Schools
Families and schools are two primary sources of social capital in the early life course. This study examines the degree to which these different contexts overlap to shape adolescent development. Multilevel modeling on nationally representative data (n = 11,927) revealed that emotionally distant relationships with parents were associated with declining academic achievement over 2 years of secondary schooling and that various aspects of the social …
Insights on Adolescence From a Life Course Perspective
In this essay, we argue that viewing adolescence within the full life course will improve our understanding of both adolescence itself and the life course more generally. Such an approach makes explicit how adolescence is linked to developmental processes in the years both before and after adolescence in ways that are shaped by broader patterns of social change. We highlight insights from research over the past decade that illustrate the kinds of…
Family Dynamics, Supportive Relationships, and Educational Resilience During Adolescence
If problematic relationships with parents are an academic risk factor during adolescence, then nonparental sources of support (e.g., friends, siblings, and teachers) may be arenas of comfort that promote educational resilience in the face of such risk. In a series of structural models using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, the authors found that nonparental relationships are more likely to be directly associated with academic…
Families With Children and Adolescents
This decade's literature on families with children and adolescents can be broadly organized around the implications for youth of family statuses (e.g., family structure) and family processes (e.g., parenting). These overlapping bodies of research built on past work by emphasizing the dynamic nature of family life and the intersection of families with other ecological settings, exploring race/ethnic diversity, identifying mechanisms connecting fam…
Understanding the positive role of neighborhood socioeconomic advantage in achievement
The goal of this study was to examine the mechanisms underlying associations between neighborhood socioeconomic advantage and children's achievement trajectories between ages 54 months and 15 years. Results of hierarchical linear growth models based on a diverse sample of 1,364 children indicate that neighborhood socioeconomic advantage was nonlinearly associated with youths' initial vocabulary and reading scores, such that the presence of educat…
Double Disadvantage or Signs of Resilience? The Elementary School Contexts of Children From Mexican Immigrant Families
Children from Mexican immigrant families represent one of the fastest-growing populations in the American educational system, but their ability to use this system to improve their long-term prospects may be hampered by problems associated with their schools. The present study explored this issue in a national sample of American kindergarteners. First, propensity score matching techniques revealed that children from Mexican immigrant families were…
Gender, Obesity, and Education
Obesity is a health condition, but its consequences extend far beyond the realm of health. To illuminate an important route by which the experience of obesity can filter into the status attainment process, this study drew on nationally representative data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to test a social psychological model of the gendered link between obesity and education. Obese girls were less likely to enter college a…
The selection of children from low-income families into preschool
Because children from low-income families benefit from preschool but are less likely than other children to enroll, identifying factors that promote their enrollment can support research and policy aiming to reduce socioeconomic disparities in education. In this study, we tested an accommodations model with data on 6,250 children in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort. In general, parental necessity (e.g., maternal employment) and…
Protective Functions of Family Relationships and School Factors on the Deviant Behavior of Adolescent Boys and Girls
This study explores gender differences in the impact of risk and protective factors on adolescent deviant behavior. With a longitudinal design and reports from actual friends, regression analyses indicate that both family and school factors reduced adolescent delinquency and substance use and protected adolescents against the impact of having deviant friends, though school factors were more consistently protective than family factors. The sources…
Gender, Body Size and Social Relations in American High Schools
To investigate the role of body size in social networks, this study estimated cross-nested multilevel network models (p2) with longitudinal data from the 16 saturated schools in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. As body mass index increased, the likelihood of being nominated by schoolmates as friends — but not the likelihood of nominating others as friends — decreased. This trend was more pronounced among girls. Moreover, simi…
Early Child Care and the School Readiness of Children from Mexican Immigrant Families
Combining conceptual models from immigration and educational research, this study investigated whether a normative antecedent to the transition to formal schooling in the contemporary U.S. – early child care – links Mexican immigrant status to various aspects of school readiness. Regression models with nationally representative data revealed that children from Mexican immigrant families were overrepresented in parental care and underrepresented i…
The Racial/Ethnic Composition of Elementary Schools and Young Children’s Academic and Socioemotional Functioning
This study attempted to untangle how two dimensions of school racial/ethnic composition—racial/ethnic diversity of the student body and racial/ethnic matching between children and their peers—were related to socioemotional and academic development after the transition into elementary school. Analysis of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study–Kindergarten Cohort revealed that school racial/ethnic composition was more strongly associated with child…
The Connection Between Academic Failure and Adolescent Drinking in Secondary School
Academic failure and drinking are both problematic aspects of the adolescent stage of the life course, and the connection between these two behaviors can disrupt the basic functioning of individuals and schools. Drawing on theories of problem behavior from multiple disciplines, this study attempted to determine whether academic failure was a risk factor for adolescent drinking, and vice versa, and then to identify the mechanisms underlying these …
Peer Context and the Consequences of Adolescent Drinking
Journal Article Peer Context and the Consequences of Adolescent Drinking Get access Robert Crosnoe, Robert Crosnoe University of Texas at Austin Direct correspondence to: Robert Crosnoe, Department of Sociology and Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A1700, Austin, TX 78712-1088. E-mail: [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Chandra Mu…
A Social Process Model of Adolescent Deviance
Academic Failure in Secondary School
This study explores whether the interplay of health problems and school environment predicts academic failure, an individual event with consequences for the life course, as well as for society at large. This exploration proceeds in three steps: 1) we examine whether physical and mental health problems are an academic risk factor during secondary school; 2) we investigate the academic mechanisms underlying this risk status; and 3) we explore wheth…
Maternal Education, Early Child Care and the Reproduction of Advantage
The social and human capital that educational attainment provides women enables them to better navigate their children's passages through school. In this study, we examine a key mechanism in this intergenerational process: mothers' selection of early child care. Analyses of the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development revealed that maternal education was positively associated with configurations of child-care characteristics (i.e., t…
Academic Orientation and Parental Involvement in Education during High School
This study applied a life course perspective to the phenomena of adolescent academic orientation and parental involvement in education. Applying latent growth modeling to transcript and survey data from a sample of California high school students revealed that while college-preparatory track students begin high school the highest in orientation and involvement, they also experience sharp declines in both over time. Within the college-preparatory …
High School Curriculum Track and Adolescent Association with Delinquent Friends
Drawing on ecological perspectives and sociological theories of deviance, this study explored the influence on adolescent delinquency of two potential intersections between high school curriculum and student friendship groups: (a) curriculum track as an organizer of delinquent friendship groups, and (b) curriculum track as a moderator of friendship relations. Structural equation analyses of 2,899 students provide support for the second intersecti…
Friendships in Childhood and Adolescence
Robert Crosnoe, Friendships in Childhood and Adolescence: The Life Course and New Directions, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 63, No. 4, Special Millenium Issue on the State of Sociological Social Psychology (Dec., 2000), pp. 377-391
A Social Process Model of Adolescent Deviance
Parental Involvement in Education
Drawing on the life course paradigm, this study views school-based forms of parental involvement in education as elements of the linked lives of family members that are embedded in larger social contexts. Estimating multi-level models on a sample of 6,141 adolescents from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, I find that parental participation in school activities and interaction with school personnel is largely a function of the …
Academic Orientation and Parental Involvement in Education during High School
This study applied a life course perspective to the phenomena of adolescent academic orientation and parental involvement in education. Applying latent growth modeling to transcript and survey data from a sample of California high school students revealed that while college-preparatory track students begin high school the highest in orientation and involvement, they also experience sharp declines in both over time. Within the college-preparatory …
Students' Attachment and Academic Engagement
Monica Kirkpatrick Johnson, Robert Crosnoe, Glen H. Elder, Jr., Students' Attachment and Academic Engagement: The Role of Race and Ethnicity, Sociology of Education, Vol. 74, No. 4 (Oct., 2001), pp. 318-340
High School Curriculum Track and Adolescent Association with Delinquent Friends
Drawing on ecological perspectives and sociological theories of deviance, this study explored the influence on adolescent delinquency of two potential intersections between high school curriculum and student friendship groups: (a) curriculum track as an organizer of delinquent friendship groups, and (b) curriculum track as a moderator of friendship relations. Structural equation analyses of 2,899 students provide support for the second intersecti…
Successful Adaptation in the Later Years
This study draws on contemporary themes of aging research by focusing on successful adaptation in the later years and by viewing aging as a lifelong process. We used person-oriented analysis to categorize men age 58 to 72 from the Stanford-Terman study according to patterns of life satisfaction, vitality, family engagement, occupational attainment, and civic involvement. Four styles of aging emerged: less adjusted, career-focused but socially dis…
The Well-Being of Children and Families
Academic and Health-Related Trajectories in Adolescence
This study takes a life course approach to adolescent academic and health-related behavior. Researchers have often studied academic achievement and substance use as unrelated, static, and de-contextualized phenomena. Applying latent growth curve modeling to a sample of 2,651 high school freshmen and sophomores in California and Wisconsin (1987-1990), this study treats achievement and substance use as dynamic trajectories, inter-related to each ot…
Protective Functions of Family Relationships and School Factors on the Deviant Behavior of Adolescent Boys and Girls
This study explores gender differences in the impact of risk and protective factors on adolescent deviant behavior. With a longitudinal design and reports from actual friends, regression analyses indicate that both family and school factors reduced adolescent delinquency and substance use and protected adolescents against the impact of having deviant friends, though school factors were more consistently protective than family factors. The sources…
Life Course Transitions, the Generational Stake, and Grandparent-Grandchild Relationships
Drawing on past research and prominent theoretical orientations, this research note suggests new approaches to intergenerational dynamics. For 316 grandparent-grandchild pairs, we found that the transition of grandchildren to higher education, controlling for other transitions, improves the quality of the grandparent-grandchild relationship. For grandparent mentoring, however, we see evidence of a generational stake, with grandparents overestimat…
Economic Disadvantage, Family Dynamics, and Adolescent Enrollment in Higher Education
This study applies a family process model to the linkage between early economic disadvantage and later enrollment in higher education. Using two waves of data on low-income youth, the authors found that the attitudes and behaviors of their parents, mostly mothers, mediate the impact of disadvantage on enrollment. Economically disadvantaged parents are less optimistic about their adolescents' educational chances and, in turn, engage less in the pr…
The Emergence and Development of Life Course Theory
Adolescent Friendships as Academic Resources
Research on adolescent friendships has typically treated these social ties differently from friendships at other stages of life or from other relationships during adolescence. To draw parallels among these literatures, this study focuses on two largely neglected aspects of adolescent friendships: their role in positive adjustment and the way in which this role varies by social structural and institutional context. In an analysis of data from 9,22…
Individual Variation and Family-Community Ties
Intergenerational closure refers to parents’ knowing the parents of their adolescents’ friends. This study treated intergenerational closure—as reported by the parents of adolescent twins—as the dependent variable in a behavioral genetic analysis. The sample consisted of identical and fraternal twin pairs in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). Models that were fit to twin covariance matrices estimated that additive …
School Size and the Interpersonal Side of Education
Objectives. The purpose of this study was to extend research on the connection between school size and student outcomes by examining how school size was related to interpersonal processes and whether the interpersonal effects of school size varied by race/ethnicity. Methods. We applied multilevel modeling techniques to a sample of 14,966 students in 84 schools from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Results. Increasing school s…
Immigration from Mexico into the Math/Science Pipeline in American Education
Objectives. The purpose of this study was to explore generational differences in math/science enrollment and achievement among Mexican‐American students and the role of family and school contexts in these differences. Methods. We applied survey regression techniques to data from 12,020 adolescents in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Results. Native‐born Mexican‐American students had lower math/science enrollment than their pe…
Body Mass Index, Academic Achievement, and School Context
Reflected self-appraisal suggests that individual functioning is related to the fit between individual characteristics and the norms of their primary contexts. To apply this social psychological concept to the study of obesity, we hypothesized that adolescents at risk of obesity would have lower academic achievement overall than other students, especially in schools in which their weight status was most likely to elicit negative evaluations. Mult…
Academic Failure in Secondary School
This study explores whether the interplay of health problems and school environment predicts academic failure, an individual event with consequences for the life course, as well as for society at large. This exploration proceeds in three steps: 1) we examine whether physical and mental health problems are an academic risk factor during secondary school; 2) we investigate the academic mechanisms underlying this risk status; and 3) we explore wheth…
Peer Context and the Consequences of Adolescent Drinking
Journal Article Peer Context and the Consequences of Adolescent Drinking Get access Robert Crosnoe, Robert Crosnoe University of Texas at Austin Direct correspondence to: Robert Crosnoe, Department of Sociology and Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A1700, Austin, TX 78712-1088. E-mail: [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Chandra Mu…
Family Dynamics, Supportive Relationships, and Educational Resilience During Adolescence
If problematic relationships with parents are an academic risk factor during adolescence, then nonparental sources of support (e.g., friends, siblings, and teachers) may be arenas of comfort that promote educational resilience in the face of such risk. In a series of structural models using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, the authors found that nonparental relationships are more likely to be directly associated with academic…
Intergenerational Bonding in School
To explore the significance of social integration in the educational system, this study examined whether student-teacher relationships predicted two important student behavioral outcomes (academic achievement and disciplinary problems); whether these within-school intragenerational relationships were predicted by the structural, compositional, and climate-related characteristics of schools; and how the behavioral and contextual correlates of stud…
Social Capital and the Interplay of Families and Schools
Families and schools are two primary sources of social capital in the early life course. This study examines the degree to which these different contexts overlap to shape adolescent development. Multilevel modeling on nationally representative data (n = 11,927) revealed that emotionally distant relationships with parents were associated with declining academic achievement over 2 years of secondary schooling and that various aspects of the social …
The Diverse Experiences of Hispanic Students in the American Educational System
Double Disadvantage or Signs of Resilience? The Elementary School Contexts of Children From Mexican Immigrant Families
Children from Mexican immigrant families represent one of the fastest-growing populations in the American educational system, but their ability to use this system to improve their long-term prospects may be hampered by problems associated with their schools. The present study explored this issue in a national sample of American kindergarteners. First, propensity score matching techniques revealed that children from Mexican immigrant families were…
Psychology (122 works) · Developmental psychology (101 works) · Sociology (81 works) · Medicine (65 works) · Demography (58 works) · Early Childhood Education and Development (49 works) · Social Psychology (45 works) · Political science (37 works) · Longitudinal study (36 works) · Parental Involvement in Education (35 works)