Clive Bonsall
Biographic Data
| ID | 112116 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Clive Bonsall |
| GIVEN NAMES | Clive |
| FAMILY NAME | Bonsall |
| SIGNATURE | BONSALL C |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Edinburgh |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0243-3232 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 55 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 258 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 52 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 3 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1974 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Sourcing obsidian from early prehistoric sites on the Arad plain, Western Romania
Metoda pXRF a fost utilizată pentru a obține determinări sursă pentru 109 artefacte din obsidian, provenind din șapte situri din Câmpia Aradului, din vestul României, și aparținând perioadelor neolitic și eneolitic. Obsidianul din care au fost realizate piesele analizate, provine din zona sursă a Carpaților 1 din estul Slovaciei. Rezultatele sunt în concordanță cu modelul observat la siturile din Banat și vestul Transilvaniei, ceea ce indică o pr…
The Carpathian obsidians reconsidered
Diet, DNA, and the Mesolithic–Neolithic Transition in Western Scotland
In this paper, we revisit the Mesolithic–Neolithic transition in western Scotland and the links between early European farmers and middens in light of new aDNA, radiocarbon, and stable isotopic evidence. New carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic data for food sources (plant and animal remains) from a Mesolithic site are presented, and dietary FRUITS models are recalculated based on these data. We also respond to recent criticisms of the Bayesian ap…
Exploitation of Osseous Materials During the Mesolithic in the Iron Gates
The Mesolithic settlements on the left bank of the Danube in the Iron Gates have yielded numerous artefacts made of osseous materials. Products and sub-products of the chaîne opératoire are present, suggesting in situ manufacturing of the finished items. Among a restricted range of artefact types, the most characteristic ones are bevelled tools made of antler, pointed tools of bone, and boar tusk scrapers. Our research has focused on identifying …
Petrographic and geochemical analyses of flint raw materials from Bulgaria
Reassessing Neolithic Diets in Western Scotland
Although marine resources are known to have been exploited by both foragers and early farmers in Scotland, the importance of seafood to the diets of Neolithic groups has been widely debated. Here we present paired stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) and radiocarbon measurements on Early Neolithic human remains from Raschoille Cave in Oban. These are compared with published data for other sites in western Scotland and used to re-evaluate the use of mar…
Mesolithic Icoana revisited (II) – A reappraisal of the faunal remains
Localizat în zona Porților de Fier în sud-vestul României, Icoana era unul dintre siturile preistorice inundate ca urmare a construcției barajului hidrocentralei Porțile de Fier I. În perioada 1967-1969 au fost cercetate 91m2 până la o adâncime de maxim 3m. Datele radiocarbon AMS indică pentru Icoana două perioade de locuire de scurtă durată, prima pe durata mezoliticului mijlociu (cca. 8500‒ 7600 cal BC și a două pe durata celui final (tranziția…
Stone and Osseous Adornments in the Mesolithic and Early Neolithic of the Iron Gates
This paper is focused on the various kinds of personal adornments that were used during the Mesolithic and Early Neolithic in the Iron Gates region (southwest Romania). We review how the adornments were used, based on an analysis of their morphology and use-wear, and attempt to identify the sequence of actions involved in their manufacture. We document the changes in ornament type and technique that occurred between 12700–5600 cal BC, highlightin…
Prehistoric adornments from Cuina Turcului
In this study we examine in detail the prehistoric personal adornments from Cuina Turcului rockshelter (Mehedinți County, Romania). Early Mesolithic (‘Epipalaeolithic’) and Early Neolithic assemblages are compared from the perspectives of context, typology and use-wear. Ornaments from the ‘Epipalaeolithic’ horizons include shells of freshwater gastropods (Lithoglyphus naticoides, Lithoglyphus apertus, Theodoxus danubialis), marine gastropods (Tri…
Use-wear analyses and provenance determination of pitchstone artefacts
Post-glacial hunter-gatherer subsistence patterns in Britain
The diets of 85 individuals from 21 sites were modelled using FRUITS based on their bulk bone collagen C and N isotope ratio signatures. The sites, which occur in a range of environments, group into three distinct periods corresponding to the British 'Late Upper Palaeolithic', 'Early Mesolithic' and 'Late Mesolithic', respectively. The FRUITS models for three LUP sites dated to the Bølling-Allerød Interstadial suggest an emphasis on terrestrial (…
Early Holocene Sea Fishing in Western Scotland
Coastal shell middens, a prominent feature of the Mesolithic archaeological record of western Scotland, suggest a maritime economy based on fishing and shellfishing. Despite evidence for the importance of fish to diet, virtually nothing is known of the fishing methods practiced, although several “models” have been proposed. We tested these models by means of a series of field experiments. A range of experimental fishing gear including lines and p…
Assessing the Potential of Phytolith Analysis to Investigate Local Environment and Prehistoric Plant Resource Use in Temperate Regions
The archaeological site of Williamson’s Moss, located in north-west England, was excavated in the 1980s as part of an investigation of the Mesolithic, Neolithic, and Bronze Age populations living around the estuary of the River Esk in Cumbria. Recovery of plant remains was generally low, but bulk sediment samples were collected from different contexts as part of a project archive for future analysis. This paper presents the results of new analyse…
Production and function of Neolithic black-painted pottery from Schela Cladovei (Iron Gates, Romania)
This paper presents for the first time the results of a combination of petrographic, geochemical and organic residue analyses of early Neolithic ceramics from the Iron Gates region of the Danube basin. Eleven early Neolithic potsherds from Schela Cladovei (Romania) were analysed in detail. The results of the petrographic analysis show that the ceramics were made with the same recipe that was used by Starčevo-Körös-Criș potters elsewhere in southe…
The genomic history of southeastern Europe
The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe
The Iron Gates Mesolithic – a brief review of recent developments
Experimental studies of personal ornaments from the Iron Gates Mesolithic
L'utilisation de l'obsidienne au Paléolithique supérieur dans le nord-ouest de la Roumanie
Not Just for Show
Bronze Age subsistence strategies in the southeastern Carpathian Bend area, Romania
Using Stable Isotopes and a Bayesian Mixing Model (FRUITS) to Investigate Diet at the Early Neolithic Site of Carding Mill Bay, Scotland
We present δ 13 C, δ 15 N, and δ 34 S measurements on archaeological human and animal bone collagen samples from a shell midden dating to the Neolithic ca. 4000–3500 cal BC, together with measurements on modern fish and shellfish. These data were used in conjunction with the Bayesian mixing model, Food Reconstruction Using Isotopic Transferred Signals (FRUITS), to reconstruct human diet at the site. We demonstrate the importance of using a geogra…
Investigating the provenance of obsidian from Neolithic and Chalcolithic sites in Bulgaria
Portable energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) has become a widely used tool for the chemical characterisation (source identification) of obsidian found in archaeological contexts. While laboratory techniques such as neutron activation analysis (NAA) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) can analyse more elements and have lower detection limits, pXRF can provide quantitative data of sufficient resolution to be able to ma…
The ‘Clisurean’ finds from Climente II cave, Iron Gates, Romania
Dating burial practices and architecture at Lepenski Vir
Climate change and the adoption of agriculture in north-west Europe
Farming can be shown to have spread very rapidly across the British Isles and southern Scandinavia around 6000 years ago, following a long period of stasis when the agricultural ‘frontier’ lay further south on the North European Plain between northern France and northern Poland. The reasons for the delay in the adoption of agriculture on the north-west fringe of Europe have been debated by archaeologists for decades. Here, we present fresh eviden…
Problems of dating human bones from the Iron Gates
It is widely recognized that when marine resources form a significant proportion of the human diet, this results in radiocarbon ages for human remains that are significantly older than the contemporary atmosphere. While there has been widespread assessment of marine14C reservoir ages, there has been little study of the freshwater equivalent. However, recent analyses of human bone from archaeological sites in the Danube Valley have confirmed the e…
Deep-Sea Fishing in the European Mesolithic
Some previous authors have argued for the practice of offshore, deep-water fishing in the European Mesolithic. In this article, various lines of evidence are brought to bear on this question: the kinds of fishing gear employed, the evidence relating to the use of boats and navigation, site location, ethnographic data, and fish biology and behaviour. It is concluded that the existence of deep-sea fisheries cannot be demonstrated on the basis of th…
Direct dating of Neolithic pottery
Pottery sherds can be dated by four methods: (i) stylistic features; (ii) luminescence analysis of minerals within the sherd; (iii) 14C assay of carbon on or within the sherd; and (iv) archaeomagnetic intensity of the sherd. Each method has its own sources of uncertainty. The results obtained by the various methods are reviewed, and the conclusion reached that a combination of at least two of the methods, where possible, is recommended in order t…
Excavations at a Neolithic Causewayed Enclosure, Orsett, Essex, 1975
The Causewayed Enclosure at Orsett, Essex, was trial trenched in 1975 to determine the state of site preservation and confirm its postulated Neolithic date and site sequence. The enclosure consisted of three incomplete circuits of discontinuous ditch with an associated timber palisade slot lying inside and concentric to the middle ditch. Within the interior was an oval post hole structure of a contemporary date. Quantities of Mildenhall style pot…
Experimental studies of personal ornaments from the Iron Gates Mesolithic
The Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in western Scotland and its European context
The transition is considered in terms of four related questions: (i) HOW did the shift from foraging to farming happen? (ii) WHY did it happen? (iii) WHEN did it happen? (iv) WHY did it happen WHEN it did? The adoption of farming coincided with a shift to a more continental-type climate with lower winter precipitation, which improved the prospects for cereal cultivation. It is sug- gested that this was a key factor in the transition from Mesolith…
Post-glacial hunter-gatherer subsistence patterns in Britain
The diets of 85 individuals from 21 sites were modelled using FRUITS based on their bulk bone collagen C and N isotope ratio signatures. The sites, which occur in a range of environments, group into three distinct periods corresponding to the British 'Late Upper Palaeolithic', 'Early Mesolithic' and 'Late Mesolithic', respectively. The FRUITS models for three LUP sites dated to the Bølling-Allerød Interstadial suggest an emphasis on terrestrial (…
Using Stable Isotopes and a Bayesian Mixing Model (FRUITS) to Investigate Diet at the Early Neolithic Site of Carding Mill Bay, Scotland
We present δ 13 C, δ 15 N, and δ 34 S measurements on archaeological human and animal bone collagen samples from a shell midden dating to the Neolithic ca. 4000–3500 cal BC, together with measurements on modern fish and shellfish. These data were used in conjunction with the Bayesian mixing model, Food Reconstruction Using Isotopic Transferred Signals (FRUITS), to reconstruct human diet at the site. We demonstrate the importance of using a geogra…
Production and function of Neolithic black-painted pottery from Schela Cladovei (Iron Gates, Romania)
This paper presents for the first time the results of a combination of petrographic, geochemical and organic residue analyses of early Neolithic ceramics from the Iron Gates region of the Danube basin. Eleven early Neolithic potsherds from Schela Cladovei (Romania) were analysed in detail. The results of the petrographic analysis show that the ceramics were made with the same recipe that was used by Starčevo-Körös-Criș potters elsewhere in southe…
Climate, floods and river gods
A conspicuous gap in the radiocarbon record of the Iron Gates Mesolithic suggests that many riverbank sites were abandoned between c 8250 and 7900 cal BP.1 This period of site abandonment is linked to increased flooding along the Danube, which can be correlated with a distinct global climatic oscillation. The implications of these environmental changes for the interpretation of Lepenski Vir and the timing of the Meso–Neolithic transition in the n…
New AMS 14 C Dates for Human Remains from Stone Age Sites in the Iron Gates Reach of the Danube, Southeast Europe
Archaeological investigations in the Iron Gates reach of the Lower Danube Valley between 1964 and 1984 revealed an important concentration of Stone Age sites, which together provide the most detailed record of Mesolithic and Early Neolithic settlement from any area of southeastern Europe. Over 425 human burials were excavated from 15 sites. Of these, less than one-fifth have been directly dated. This article presents 37 new AMS dates on human bon…
Excavations at Upper Largie Quarry, Argyll & Bute, Scotland
Excavations were carried out intermittently between 1982 and 2005, by various excavators, in advance of quarrying activity at Upper Largie, Kilmartin Glen, Argyll & Bute. They revealed abundant evidence of prehistoric activity, dating from the Mesolithic to the Middle Bronze Age, on a fluvioglacial terrace overlooking the rest of the Glen, although some evidence was doubtless destroyed without record during a period of unmonitored quarrying. Seve…
Mind the gap”
Radiocarbon sequences from some northern Mediterranean cave sites show a temporal gap between Mesolithic and Neolithic occupations. Some authors regard this as a regional phenomenon and have sought to explain it in terms of a general population decline in the late Mesolithic, which facilitated the replacement of indigenous foragers by immigrant farmers. New evidence from the rockshelter site of Mala Triglavca, in Slovenia, leads us to question th…
L'utilisation de l'obsidienne au Paléolithique supérieur dans le nord-ouest de la Roumanie
Human-environment interactions during the Holocene
Investigations of the archaeological, geochemical, microscopic charcoal and palynological records from five localities in the Oban area, along an altitudinal transect from coast to upland, have provided new information on human–environment interactions during the Holocene. Some of the results are at variance with previous interpretations of Mesolithic human impacts and the timing of the transition to farming in Atlantic Scotland. High charcoal va…
Reassessing Neolithic Diets in Western Scotland
Although marine resources are known to have been exploited by both foragers and early farmers in Scotland, the importance of seafood to the diets of Neolithic groups has been widely debated. Here we present paired stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) and radiocarbon measurements on Early Neolithic human remains from Raschoille Cave in Oban. These are compared with published data for other sites in western Scotland and used to re-evaluate the use of mar…
Pre-Neolithic’ in Southeast Europe
This paper discusses why large areas of the central and northern Balkans lack evidence of Mesolithic settlement and what implications this holds for future research into the Neolithization of the region. A marked shift in site distribution patterns between Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic is interpreted as a response to changing environmental conditions and resource availability. It is suggested that some important questions of the pattern, proc…
Compound-Specific Radiocarbon Dating of Essential and Non-Essential Amino Acids
When humans consume foods from different radiocarbon reservoirs offset in age to the atmosphere, inaccuracies in the 14 C date of bone collagen can occur. Mesolithic human skeletons from the Iron Gates section of the Lower Danube Valley have yielded reservoir offsets of up to ∼500 yr. This has been demonstrated through direct dating of bulk collagen from human bones and the remains of ungulate bone projectile points that were found embedded in th…
Exploitation of Osseous Materials During the Mesolithic in the Iron Gates
The Mesolithic settlements on the left bank of the Danube in the Iron Gates have yielded numerous artefacts made of osseous materials. Products and sub-products of the chaîne opératoire are present, suggesting in situ manufacturing of the finished items. Among a restricted range of artefact types, the most characteristic ones are bevelled tools made of antler, pointed tools of bone, and boar tusk scrapers. Our research has focused on identifying …
Early Holocene Sea Fishing in Western Scotland
Coastal shell middens, a prominent feature of the Mesolithic archaeological record of western Scotland, suggest a maritime economy based on fishing and shellfishing. Despite evidence for the importance of fish to diet, virtually nothing is known of the fishing methods practiced, although several “models” have been proposed. We tested these models by means of a series of field experiments. A range of experimental fishing gear including lines and p…
Assessing the Potential of Phytolith Analysis to Investigate Local Environment and Prehistoric Plant Resource Use in Temperate Regions
The archaeological site of Williamson’s Moss, located in north-west England, was excavated in the 1980s as part of an investigation of the Mesolithic, Neolithic, and Bronze Age populations living around the estuary of the River Esk in Cumbria. Recovery of plant remains was generally low, but bulk sediment samples were collected from different contexts as part of a project archive for future analysis. This paper presents the results of new analyse…
Food for Thought
Stable isotope ratios of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur in human bone collagen are used routinely to aid in the reconstruction of ancient diets. Isotopic analysis of human remains from sites in the Iron Gates section of the Lower Danube Valley has led to conflicting interpretations of Mesolithic diets in this key region of southeast Europe. One view (Bonsall et al. 1997, 2004) is that diets were based mainly on riverine resources throughout the Mes…
A Feasibility Study for the Investigation of Submerged Sites along the Coast of Slovenia
Maritime investigations along the Northern Adriatic coast have traditionally focused on the Roman and later archaeology. However, studies of post-glacial sea-level change and shoreline displacement suggest there is significant potential for the discovery of sites close inshore dating back to the early- to mid-Holocene, c.9000 BC onwards. A feasibility study for the investigation of submerged sites along the coast of Slovenia was undertaken in 200…
Reassessing the Mesolithic\Neolithic ‘gap’ in Southeast European cave sequences
Radiocarbon sequences from some northern Mediterranean cave sites show a temporal gap between Mesolithic and Neolithic occupations. Some authors regard this as a regional phenomenon and have sought to explain it in terms of a general population decline in the late Mesolithic, which facilitated the replacement of indigenous foragers by immigrant farmers. New evidence from the rockshelter site of Mala Triglavca, in Slovenia, leads us to question th…
Palaeolithic/Mesolithic
Palaeolithic/Mesolithic
Palaeolithic/Mesolithic
Palaeolithic/Mesolithic
Excavations at a Neolithic Causewayed Enclosure, Orsett, Essex, 1975
The Causewayed Enclosure at Orsett, Essex, was trial trenched in 1975 to determine the state of site preservation and confirm its postulated Neolithic date and site sequence. The enclosure consisted of three incomplete circuits of discontinuous ditch with an associated timber palisade slot lying inside and concentric to the middle ditch. Within the interior was an oval post hole structure of a contemporary date. Quantities of Mildenhall style pot…
The Human Use of Caves
Twenty-eight essays by a very distinguished collection of contributors who were invited to speak at a conference in Newcastle in 1993 on a number of themes in terms of evidence for cave and rockshelter use in their areas of the world. The contributors include: Lawrence Straus ( Some human uses of caves and rockshelters ); Pavel Dolukhanov ( Cave vs open-air settlement in the European Upper Palaeolithic ); Marcel Otte ( The Belgian Palaeolithic );…
Mesolithic and Early Neolithic in the Iron Gates
This paper is a study of diet and subsistence among Mesolithic and Early Neolithic populations in the Iron Gates section of the Danube Valley, with emphasis on the sites of Lepenski Vir and Vlasac in Serbia and Schela Oadovei in Romania. The first part of the paper reviews the evidence of animal and plant residues and human skeletal indicators; the second presents new data from stable isotopic analyses of human bone supported by AMS 14C dates. Is…
Human-environment interactions during the Holocene
Investigations of the archaeological, geochemical, microscopic charcoal and palynological records from five localities in the Oban area, along an altitudinal transect from coast to upland, have provided new information on human–environment interactions during the Holocene. Some of the results are at variance with previous interpretations of Mesolithic human impacts and the timing of the transition to farming in Atlantic Scotland. High charcoal va…
A review of the mid-Holocene elm decline in the British Isles
Over the past 50 years the most enigmatic feature of pollen diagrams from northwest Europe has been the mid-Holocene ‘elm decline’, and there has been much speculation as to the origin(s) and cause(s) of this event. A total of 150 radiocarbon dates from 139 sites spanning the elm decline in Britain and Ireland have been collated and scrutinized. Statistical analyses on 138 dates show that the event has a mean date of 5036 14 C yr BP with a standa…
Climate, floods and river gods
A conspicuous gap in the radiocarbon record of the Iron Gates Mesolithic suggests that many riverbank sites were abandoned between c 8250 and 7900 cal BP.1 This period of site abandonment is linked to increased flooding along the Danube, which can be correlated with a distinct global climatic oscillation. The implications of these environmental changes for the interpretation of Lepenski Vir and the timing of the Meso–Neolithic transition in the n…
Climate change and the adoption of agriculture in north-west Europe
Farming can be shown to have spread very rapidly across the British Isles and southern Scandinavia around 6000 years ago, following a long period of stasis when the agricultural ‘frontier’ lay further south on the North European Plain between northern France and northern Poland. The reasons for the delay in the adoption of agriculture on the north-west fringe of Europe have been debated by archaeologists for decades. Here, we present fresh eviden…
The Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in western Scotland and its European context
The transition is considered in terms of four related questions: (i) HOW did the shift from foraging to farming happen? (ii) WHY did it happen? (iii) WHEN did it happen? (iv) WHY did it happen WHEN it did? The adoption of farming coincided with a shift to a more continental-type climate with lower winter precipitation, which improved the prospects for cereal cultivation. It is sug- gested that this was a key factor in the transition from Mesolith…
Problems of dating human bones from the Iron Gates
It is widely recognized that when marine resources form a significant proportion of the human diet, this results in radiocarbon ages for human remains that are significantly older than the contemporary atmosphere. While there has been widespread assessment of marine14C reservoir ages, there has been little study of the freshwater equivalent. However, recent analyses of human bone from archaeological sites in the Danube Valley have confirmed the e…
Direct dating of Neolithic pottery
Pottery sherds can be dated by four methods: (i) stylistic features; (ii) luminescence analysis of minerals within the sherd; (iii) 14C assay of carbon on or within the sherd; and (iv) archaeomagnetic intensity of the sherd. Each method has its own sources of uncertainty. The results obtained by the various methods are reviewed, and the conclusion reached that a combination of at least two of the methods, where possible, is recommended in order t…
Deep-Sea Fishing in the European Mesolithic
Some previous authors have argued for the practice of offshore, deep-water fishing in the European Mesolithic. In this article, various lines of evidence are brought to bear on this question: the kinds of fishing gear employed, the evidence relating to the use of boats and navigation, site location, ethnographic data, and fish biology and behaviour. It is concluded that the existence of deep-sea fisheries cannot be demonstrated on the basis of th…
Mind the gap”
Radiocarbon sequences from some northern Mediterranean cave sites show a temporal gap between Mesolithic and Neolithic occupations. Some authors regard this as a regional phenomenon and have sought to explain it in terms of a general population decline in the late Mesolithic, which facilitated the replacement of indigenous foragers by immigrant farmers. New evidence from the rockshelter site of Mala Triglavca, in Slovenia, leads us to question th…
Reassessing the Mesolithic\Neolithic ‘gap’ in Southeast European cave sequences
Radiocarbon sequences from some northern Mediterranean cave sites show a temporal gap between Mesolithic and Neolithic occupations. Some authors regard this as a regional phenomenon and have sought to explain it in terms of a general population decline in the late Mesolithic, which facilitated the replacement of indigenous foragers by immigrant farmers. New evidence from the rockshelter site of Mala Triglavca, in Slovenia, leads us to question th…
A Feasibility Study for the Investigation of Submerged Sites along the Coast of Slovenia
Maritime investigations along the Northern Adriatic coast have traditionally focused on the Roman and later archaeology. However, studies of post-glacial sea-level change and shoreline displacement suggest there is significant potential for the discovery of sites close inshore dating back to the early- to mid-Holocene, c.9000 BC onwards. A feasibility study for the investigation of submerged sites along the coast of Slovenia was undertaken in 200…
Excavations at Upper Largie Quarry, Argyll & Bute, Scotland
Excavations were carried out intermittently between 1982 and 2005, by various excavators, in advance of quarrying activity at Upper Largie, Kilmartin Glen, Argyll & Bute. They revealed abundant evidence of prehistoric activity, dating from the Mesolithic to the Middle Bronze Age, on a fluvioglacial terrace overlooking the rest of the Glen, although some evidence was doubtless destroyed without record during a period of unmonitored quarrying. Seve…
Submerged Prehistory
Autistic Spectrum Disorder in Prehistory
Individuals with ‘extraordinary’ or ‘different’ minds have been suggested to be central to invention and the spread of new ideas in prehistory, shaping modern human behaviour and conferring an evolutionary advantage at population level. In this article the potential for neuropsychiatric conditions such as autistic spectrum disorders to provide this difference is explored, and the ability of the archaeological record to provide evidence of human b…
Compound-Specific Radiocarbon Dating of Essential and Non-Essential Amino Acids
When humans consume foods from different radiocarbon reservoirs offset in age to the atmosphere, inaccuracies in the 14 C date of bone collagen can occur. Mesolithic human skeletons from the Iron Gates section of the Lower Danube Valley have yielded reservoir offsets of up to ∼500 yr. This has been demonstrated through direct dating of bulk collagen from human bones and the remains of ungulate bone projectile points that were found embedded in th…
Boats and Pioneer Settlement
The paper by Hakon Glorstad offers an interesting and thought-provoking perspective in which boats are seen as the limiting factor in the post-glacial colonization of the Norwegian coast and trees
Pre-Neolithic’ in Southeast Europe
This paper discusses why large areas of the central and northern Balkans lack evidence of Mesolithic settlement and what implications this holds for future research into the Neolithization of the region. A marked shift in site distribution patterns between Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic is interpreted as a response to changing environmental conditions and resource availability. It is suggested that some important questions of the pattern, proc…
Holocene climate change and prehistoric settlement in the lower Danube valley
Archaeology (51 works) · Geography (49 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (46 works) · Mesolithic (25 works) · Geology (24 works) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (24 works) · History (18 works) · Biology (13 works) · Radiocarbon dating (13 works) · Isotope Analysis in Ecology (12 works)