H Keller
Biographic Data
| ID | 11308 |
|---|---|
| NAME | H Keller |
| GIVEN NAMES | H |
| FAMILY NAME | Keller |
| SIGNATURE | KELLER H |
| AFFILIATIONS | Osnabrück University |
| ORCID | 0009-0003-6216-1467 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 75 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 420 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 75 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1903 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
Decolonizing Psychology as a Scientific and Ethical Necessity
The starting point of this paper is the colonial heritage of mainstream psychology, and particularly of developmental psychology. The dominant paradigm is still the assumption of universality of theories and findings that originate in research from and with a tiny part of the world’s population. Associated is the neglect, even ignorance, concerning existing anthropological, cultural, and psychological ethnographic research from different communit…
Parenting Culture(s)
What is it to be “an ideal parent”? Does the answer differ across countries and social classes? To answer these questions in a way that minimizes bias and ethnocentrism, we used open-ended questions to explore ideal-parent beliefs among 8,357 mothers and 3,517 fathers from 37 countries. Leximancer Semantic Network Analysis was utilized to first determine parenting culture zones (i.e., countries with shared ideal-parent beliefs) and then extract t…
Feeding, food, and attachment
According to attachment theory, feeding, including breastfeeding, plays only a marginal role in relationship formation. However, studies-especially in rural traditional non-Western contexts-repeatedly demonstrate that feeding can be an important attachment mechanism. We interviewed 30 urban, middle-class families with 6-to-19-month-old infants in the surrounding greater metropolitan area of San José, Costa Rica, to investigate if they consider fe…
"Poor brain development" in the global South? Challenging the science of early childhood interventions
Global Early Childhood Development (ECD)-an applied field with the aim to improve the "brain structure and function" of future generations in the global South-has moved to the center of international development. Global ECD rests heavily on evidence claims about widespread cognitive, social, and emotional deficits in the global South and the benefits of changing parenting practices in order to optimize early childhood development. We challenge th…
Growing up in Nso
It is an undisputed fact among attachment researchers that children need stability and continuity in their caregiving environment for optimal developmental outcomes. However, anthropological studies show that informal and often temporally limited kinship-based foster care, including changes of children's primary caregivers, is widespread in some cultural contexts and considered normative and thus beneficial for children. Based on ethnographic int…
The influence of ecocultural contexts on Grandmaternal caregiving and Grandmother–Grandchild relationships
This study examines the cultural concept of grandmothers as caregivers and potential attachment figures for their grandchildren in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Specifically, we examined the influence of the grandmaternal co‐residence with grandchildren on their caregiving involvement and on the dyad's relationship formation. Semi‐structured interviews with 19 grandmothers of 14–28 months old infants were conducted. Findings revealed close grandmother–…
How overstated scientific claims undermine ethical principles in parenting interventions
Introduction: While parenting interventions are flourishing in low/middle-income countries (LMICs), their ethical challenges have rarely been considered. We therefore applaud Weber and colleagues1 for their contribution to a recent debate about the ethics of parenting interventions.2 3 To apply the principles of beneficence, autonomy and justice to such interventions is certainly valuable, especially if ‘respect for autonomy’ includes considerati…
The Role of Culture and Caregivers’ Formal Education for Babies’ Learning Environments
The aim of our study was to explore young children’s social and learning environments in contexts that are different from the predominant Western lifestyle. We expected different cultural groups, both living in Costa Rica, to provide their 6- to 18-months old children with different learning environments. Our sample consisted of 26 Bribri families and 24 Guanacastecan families. To test the impact of formal education we additionally divided the wh…
Development in context
Attachment studies mostly follow the Western middle-class model in theory and methods. To demonstrate that the assessment of children's caregiving context is an often neglected, but crucial prerequisite for attachment studies, we (a) conducted a literature analysis of attachment research in non-Western contexts and (b) empirically investigated the caregiving arrangements and cultural concepts of attachment figures in three cultural groups in Cost…
Culture-specific development of early mother–infant emotional co-regulation
Studies conducted in Western countries document the special role of mother-infant face-to-face exchanges for early emotional development including social smiling. A few cross-cultural studies have shown that the Western pattern of face-to-face communication is absent in traditional rural cultures, without identifying other processes that promote emotional Co-regulation. The present study compared three different samples: Western middle-class fami…
How Young Adolescents Draw Themselves
The present study investigated the impact of young adolescents’ learning environment on their culturally mediated view of themselves as expressed in their self-drawings. The sample consisted of 83 young adolescents, 35 male and 48 female, aged 10 to 14 years with an overall average of 12 years living in three diverse ecosocial contexts within the Southern region of Madagascar: 28 participants were recruited in rural villages, 14 adolescents lived…
Attachment as a Collective Resource
Attachment theory is commonly used to investigate children's psychosocial development. To demonstrate cultural variability and to advance the idea of attachment as a collective resource, we assessed children's attachment networks during middle childhood among the Nseh, a Cameroonian clan with distinct concepts of family and childhood. Using photo elicitation interviews, we used an exploratory approach to investigate the structural and functional …
Teachers' Conversational Style and Children's Language Development in German Childcare Centers
Instructional language programs in German childcare centers have shown limited effectiveness. Two reasons may be that (a) the training is unconnected with everyday situations in which children typically acquire language and (b) the programs adopt a cultural model of psychological autonomy, a model that may be inconsistent with some children's background. In the present study, we implemented an everyday-based language intervention in four German c…
Parenting and socioemotional development in infancy and early childhood
Ethical Challenges of Parenting Interventions in Low- to Middle-Income Countries
This article explores ethical issues raised by parenting interventions implemented in communities in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs) with rural, subsistence lifestyles. Many of these interventions foster "positive parenting practices" to improve children's chances of fulfilling their developmental potential. The practices are derived from attachment theory and presented as the universal standard of good care. But attachment-based parentin…
Training 3-Month-Old Babies for the Future
This study focuses on parenting, both as a belief system and a set of practices, in a context of cultural transition during immigration. Parenting beliefs and practices are modified in the process of immigration by negotiating cultures when new cultural sensibilities are constructed. The main focus of our study was parenting beliefs and practices among 1.5 generation of Jewish immigrant mothers from Former Soviet Union (FSU). We compared socializ…
Stay Close to Me
Our study examines stranger anxiety and maternal beliefs about child development in a traditional society living in an adverse socio-political situation. Thirty Bedouin mothers from the "unrecognized" villages in the Naqab and their 1-year-old children participated in our study, which utilized a mixed-method approach. First, we observed children's stranger anxiety in everyday situations and examined their mothers' ethnotheories via questionnaires…
Lifespan Development
Die Entwicklung der Generation Ich
Self- and family-conceptions of Turkish migrant, native German, and native Turkish children
Differential Development of Motor Abilities in Western Middle-Class and Cameroonian Nso Infants
The present longitudinal study repeatedly tested motor development in 345 infants at ages 3, 6, and 9 months in two eco-cultural contexts (German middle-class and Cameroonian Nso). To analyze differential motor developments and its co-determinants (parental education and growth in weight), person-centered analyses (hierarchical cluster analyses) were applied. Results indicate that cluster analyses of fine motor development scores led to two cultu…
Gross and Fine Motor Differences Between Cameroonian and German Children Aged 3 to 40 Months
Based on longitudinal data, this study compared the gross and fine motor development of Cameroonian Nso children and German middle-class children with assessments at 3, 6, 9, and 40 months. A total of 345 infants from Cameroon ( n = 73) and Germany ( n = 272) were recruited for this study. Complete longitudinal gross and fine motor assessments based on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development III were available for subsamples of the originally rec…
African Versus Caucasian Faces in a Visual Expectation Paradigm
This article focuses on sequence learning on the Visual Expectation Paradigm (VExP) using human faces as stimulus material. For a sample of 133 Caucasian German infants assessed longitudinally at 3 and 6 months of age, a previous study has shown that the response latency of 6-month-old infants was shorter when the infants solved the task with Caucasian own-race faces in contrast to African other-race faces. The advantage for own-race faces occurs…
Mother-Infant Interactions at Home and in a Laboratory Setting
This study addresses the question how the setting of assessment influences maternal playing behavior with their 3-month-old infants across cultures. Mother-infant interactions of 338 dyads from two cultural communities (German middle-class and rural Cameroonian Nso) were videotaped either in their home or in a laboratory setting. Results indicate that both settings of assessment are appropriate to observe cultural differences in maternal interact…
The Emergence of Social Smiling
The study addresses the emergence of the social smile in two different sociocultural contexts during the first 12 postnatal weeks. We examined different eliciting mechanisms like mutual gazing, maternal smile during mutual gazing, and reciprocal maternal and infant imitation of smiling. In co-constructivist theories of emotional development, all of them are considered social mechanisms that foster the emergence of social smile in early infancy ar…
Cultural Models, Socialization Goals, and Parenting Ethnotheories
This study conceptualizes a cultural model of parenting. It is argued that cultural models are expressed in the degree of familism, which informs socialization goals that are embodied in parenting ethnotheories. Three cultural models were differentiated a priori: independent, interdependent, and autonomous-related. Samples were recruited that were expected to represent these cultural models: German, Euro-American, and Greek middle-class women rep…
Attachment and Culture
This article proposes to reconceptualize attachment theory as a culture-sensitive framework. First the seminal contribution of John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth are recognized in proposing a new paradigm for understanding children's development, synthesizing the interdisciplinary knowledge of relationship formation present during the 1950s (Bowlby) and developing a fieldwork approach in combination with quasi-experimental procedures in the laborator…
The Bio-Culture of Parenting
Objective. This study analyzes culturally formed parenting styles during infancy, as related to the sociocultural orientations of independence and interdependence. Design. Free-play situations between mothers and 3-month-old infants were videotaped in 5 cultural communities that differ according to their sociocultural orientations: cultural communities in West Africa (N = 26), Gujarat in India (N = 39), Costa Rica (N = 21), Greece (N = 51), and G…
Conceptions of Parenting in Different Cultural Communities
The present study compares conceptions about parenting in two cultural communities that may be expected to hold different views on parent–child relationships. Sociodemographically diverse samples of 46 Northern German and 39 West African Nso women evaluated parenting behavior observed in 10 Nso and 10 German videotaped mother–infant interaction sequences. The individual evaluations were assessed in group contexts. The statements were analyzed wit…
History and Future of Development in Cross-Cultural Psychology
Our theme is that better integration of a developmental approach into cross-cultural psychology can enhance the future of cross-cultural psychology-methodologically, theoretically, and empirically. Methodologically, developmental psychology contributes contextualized procedures, such as naturalistic observation, suitable for studying behavior in its cultural context. Theoretically, developmentalists point to the fact that the culturally construct…
The Cultural Socialization of Emotion Regulation During Infancy
This article offers a conceptual framework for the study of the development of emotion regulation during infancy that synthesizes evolutionary theory with cultural psychology. Two prototypical environments are characterized: Western urban middle-class families and rural farmer families in non-Western societies. The adult psychologies that are adapted to these environments are oriented toward autonomy and relatedness, respectively. A combined meth…
"Poor brain development" in the global South? Challenging the science of early childhood interventions
Global Early Childhood Development (ECD)-an applied field with the aim to improve the "brain structure and function" of future generations in the global South-has moved to the center of international development. Global ECD rests heavily on evidence claims about widespread cognitive, social, and emotional deficits in the global South and the benefits of changing parenting practices in order to optimize early childhood development. We challenge th…
Ethical Challenges of Parenting Interventions in Low- to Middle-Income Countries
This article explores ethical issues raised by parenting interventions implemented in communities in low- to middle-income countries (LMICs) with rural, subsistence lifestyles. Many of these interventions foster "positive parenting practices" to improve children's chances of fulfilling their developmental potential. The practices are derived from attachment theory and presented as the universal standard of good care. But attachment-based parentin…
Cognitive and social influences on early prosocial behavior in two sociocultural contexts
In this cross-cultural study, we tested 2 main hypotheses: first, that an early self-concept along with self-other differentiation is a universal precursor of prosocial behavior in 19-month-olds, and second, that the importance attached to relational socialization goals (SGs) concerning interpersonal responsiveness (obedience, prosocial behavior) is related to toddlers' prosocial behavior. Contrary to these predictions, the results show that mirr…
Breastfeeding
Breastfeeding is not only a natural way of feeding children but also a parenting system that is practiced differently in diverse cultures depending on the ecological conditions and cultural values. In this study, videotapes of breastfeeding sessions and interviews with breastfeeding mothers of two ethnic groups of rural Cameroon, sedentary Nso farmers (n = 33) and nomadic Fulani pastorals (n = 18), were analyzed. The primary socialization goal of…
The Psycho-linguistic Embodiment of Parental Ethnotheories
A linguistic discourse analysis of the study of parental ethnotheories is proposed in this paper. It is argued that not only are ideas about parenting informed by the cultural environment, but the ways ideas are formulated in language itself can be understood as expressing cultural codes. In order to identify these cultural codes, we analysed interviews with mothers from independent and interdependent cultural contexts and looked for specific dif…
Ecocultural Effects on Early Infant Care
In this study, the early social experiences of infants from two agricultural societies, Indian Rajput and Cameroonian Nso are compared to each other and to German urban middle-class families. Using spot observations, infants' social experiences were assessed when they were between 2.5 and 3 months. The parenting styles in the three communities are distinctly different from each other. However, the Nso and the Rajputs share a parenting pattern tha…
The Role of Motor Stimulation in Parental Ethnotheories
This article focuses on conceptions of motor stimulation in ethnotheoretical accounts of good parenting. Sociodemographically diverse samples of 35 German and 39 West African Nso women commented on 10 Nso and 10 German videotaped mother-infant interactional sequences. Data were collected in group sessions. The comments were classified into a coding system specifying motor handling and interactive and developmental goals. As expected, the Nso wome…
Human Parent-Child Relationships from an Evolutionary Perspective
In this article, a proximate conception of parental investment for humans is developed. Parenting investment is introduced as a part of life histories, specifying the optimization of reproductive success in terms of inclusive fitness. Contextual, parental, and children's characteristics that influence investment decisions are specified. We can distinguish between four systems of parenting: primary care, body stimulation, body contact, and face-to…
Infant vocalizations and parental reactions during the first 4 months of life
Culture-specific development of early mother–infant emotional co-regulation
Studies conducted in Western countries document the special role of mother-infant face-to-face exchanges for early emotional development including social smiling. A few cross-cultural studies have shown that the Western pattern of face-to-face communication is absent in traditional rural cultures, without identifying other processes that promote emotional Co-regulation. The present study compared three different samples: Western middle-class fami…
Parenting Infants
This study was aimed at contributing to the understanding of cultural parenting strategies in a context of immigration. Socialization goals (SGs) and parenting behaviors during interaction with 3-month-old infants of first-generation West African immigrant mothers in Italy and autochthonous Italian mothers were compared. The relation between SGs and maternal behaviors within the two groups was also examined. As expected, results showed that West …
This Is My Family
In the present study, we examined the family drawings of preschool-aged children from three cultural contexts that represented different aspects of autonomy and relatedness. The final sample consisted of 53 children from urban Western middle-class families from Osnabrueck, Germany; 63 children from rural Cameroonian Nso farming families; and 59 children from urban middle-class families from Ankara, Turkey. The children were of similar age and did…
Children's Drawings of the Self as an Expression of Cultural Conceptions of the Self
The present study is based on the assumption that the figure size of young children's drawings of themselves is mediated by cultural conceptions of the self. It was hypothesized that Cameroonian rural children, developing predominantly an interdependent self-conception, draw themselves alone and in a family picture smaller than urban German children, who predominantly develop an independent self-conception. A total of 570 preschool children were …
Continuity in Parenting Strategies
This prospective longitudinal study is aimed at contributing to the understanding of cultural diversity concerning maternal parenting behaviors and conversational styles on one hand and continuity in parenting strategies on the other hand. It could be demonstrated that German middle-class families from Berlin and Indian Hindu middle-class families from Delhi represent two different cultural environments embodying different parenting strategies. T…
Understanding Cultural Models of Parenting
Intracultural variation and response behavior are understood as integral parts of cultural models of parenting that provide independent information. German, Euro-American, and Greek middle-class women representing the independent cultural model; Cameroonian Nso and Gujarati farming women representing the interdependent cultural model; and urban Indian, Chinese, Mexican, and Costa Rican women representing an autonomous-related model were recruited…
Manifestations of Autonomy and Relatedness in Mothers' Accounts of Their Ethnotheories Regarding Child Care Across Five Cultural Communities
This study analyzes how autonomy and relatedness manifest in mothers' accounts of their ethnotheories regarding child care. Mothers came from two independent samples from urban middle-class in Germany and California, two autonomous-relational samples from urban middle-class in India and Cameroon, and one interdependent sample from rural Cameroon. Transcriptions of picture-based interviews are coded for discourse elements indicative of both orient…
Maternal Interactional Quality in Two Cultural Environments
This study compares German urban middle class with Cameroonian rural Nso mothers interacting with their 4-, 8-, and 12-week-olds on two dimensions of parenting: sensitivity and responsive control. Although the first concept is well-established in the literature, we suggest responsive control as the essence of good parenting leading to optimal development according to Nso mothers' ethnotheories. Although the two concepts differentiate between the …
Cultural models in communication with infants
Child rearing is a universal task, yet there are differing solutions according to the dynamics of socio-cultural milieu in which children are raised. Cultural models of what is considered good or bad parenting become explicit in everyday routine practices. Focusing on early mother–infant interactions in this article we examine the discursive practices and strategies that foster cultural values such as autonomy and relatedness. Drawing on micro-an…
Intergenerational context discontinuity affects the onset of puberty
Hydrography of Northern Germany
Britten and Mozart
Von der Kartographie im antiken China
No abstract available
Traits Associated with Men and Women
The association of certain psychological traits with men and others with women was studied among 4285- and 8-year-old children in 5 European countries. Subjects were read 32 stories, each representing a particular trait (e.g., aggressive, emotional), and following each story they selected between male and female silhouettes as being "the person the story is about." The findings indicated substantial cross-national similarity in the traits ascribe…
The Naive Theory of the Infant and Some Maternal Attitudes
Attitudes and beliefs are regarded as guides to action in early childhood socialization. Since the cultural specifity of those attitudes is commonly stressed, two countries are analyzed in this study. The cross-cultural design is aimed at clarifying socialization concepts. Pregnant women of the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and Costa Rica were asked about their expectancies, timetable of care-giving activities, child rearing, and sources of i…
Infant vocalizations and parental reactions during the first 4 months of life
Intuitive Parenting Programs in German, American, and Greek Parents of 3-Month-Old Infants
Components of the concept of intuitive parenting were analyzed in three cultural samples (West Germans, Americans, and Greeks). The three cultures selected were representing different rearing environments of infants (West Germany and United States: nuclear family; Greece: extended family), but similar geographical conditions (Utah, W. Germany, Northern Greece) and political and economic orientations. As behavioral manifestations of intuitive pare…
Intergenerational context discontinuity affects the onset of puberty
Scales for Teachers' Assessment of Inhibition and Security Seeking in Kindergarten Children
For young children separation from their primary caregivers can give rise to feelings of emotional insecurity, which are manifested by inhibition of behavior and seeking security from a substitute caregiver. The present study examined the quality of two new scales, the Inhibition Scale and the Security Seeking Scale, developed for teachers' assessment of inhibition and security-seeking behaviors. Participants were 121 kindergarten children. Relia…
Patterns of the Attachment-Exploration Balance of 1-Year-Old Infants from the United States and Northern Germany
In this study, the attachment-exploration balance of 1-year-old infants is analyzed with two cultural samples. Nineteen 12-month-old infants from northern Germany and 19 from the United States were observed in a novel and a familiar setting together with their mothers. The expected mutually exclusive regulation of attachment and exploration is demonstrated for both samples. Infants refer more to their mothers in novel situations and explore more …
Human Parent-Child Relationships from an Evolutionary Perspective
In this article, a proximate conception of parental investment for humans is developed. Parenting investment is introduced as a part of life histories, specifying the optimization of reproductive success in terms of inclusive fitness. Contextual, parental, and children's characteristics that influence investment decisions are specified. We can distinguish between four systems of parenting: primary care, body stimulation, body contact, and face-to…
History and Future of Development in Cross-Cultural Psychology
Our theme is that better integration of a developmental approach into cross-cultural psychology can enhance the future of cross-cultural psychology-methodologically, theoretically, and empirically. Methodologically, developmental psychology contributes contextualized procedures, such as naturalistic observation, suitable for studying behavior in its cultural context. Theoretically, developmentalists point to the fact that the culturally construct…
Maternal Sensitivity
Objective. In this article, maternal sensitivity as a measure of parenting quality is analyzed for (1) situational independence, (2) interrelations among components of sensitivity (signal perception, correct interpretation, prompt, and appropriate reaction), and (3) relations to emotional warmth and behavioral contingency. \nDesign. The interactions of 60 mother - infant pairs at 3 months were videotaped in contexts of caregiving and free-play in…
The Role of Motor Stimulation in Parental Ethnotheories
This article focuses on conceptions of motor stimulation in ethnotheoretical accounts of good parenting. Sociodemographically diverse samples of 35 German and 39 West African Nso women commented on 10 Nso and 10 German videotaped mother-infant interactional sequences. Data were collected in group sessions. The comments were classified into a coding system specifying motor handling and interactive and developmental goals. As expected, the Nso wome…
Socialization for Competence
This paper conceptualizes cultural models about the developmental period of infancy. The models are derived from existing literature and our own research. We are especially focusing on observational studies assessing infants’ parenting experiences (breastfeeding, body contact, body stimulation, object stimulation, face to face contact and attention to positive and negative stimuli) in rural, agrarian Cameroonian Nso and urban German middle-class …
Moving towards Consensus on How to Characterize Culture
Letters| September 01 2003 Moving towards Consensus on How to Characterize Culture: Reply to the Comments of Catherine Tamis-LeMonda and Kristin Neff Subject Area: Psychiatry and Psychology , Women's and Children's Health Heidi Keller Heidi Keller University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Human Development (2003) 46 (5): 328–330. https://doi.org/10.1159/000071940 Article …
Breastfeeding
Breastfeeding is not only a natural way of feeding children but also a parenting system that is practiced differently in diverse cultures depending on the ecological conditions and cultural values. In this study, videotapes of breastfeeding sessions and interviews with breastfeeding mothers of two ethnic groups of rural Cameroon, sedentary Nso farmers (n = 33) and nomadic Fulani pastorals (n = 18), were analyzed. The primary socialization goal of…
Concepts of Mother-Infant Interaction in Greece and Germany
This study deals with parenting from a cultural perspective. Based on Kagitcibasi's model of the autonomous relational self, the authors analyzed Greek urban middle-class mothers' parenting strategies and compared them with German urban middle-class mothers' parenting styles. Interactional behaviors were assessed during videotaped, free-play home observations. It was assumed that urban middle-class Greek and German mothers do not differ in their …
Developmental Consequences of Early Parenting Experiences
This study relates parenting of 3-month-old children to children's self-recognition and self-regulation at 18 to 20 months. As hypothesized, observational data revealed differences in the sociocultural orientations of the 3 cultural samples' parenting styles and in toddlers' development of self-recognition and self-regulation. Children of Cameroonian Nso farmers who experience a proximal parenting style develop self-regulation earlier, children o…
The Bio-Culture of Parenting
Objective. This study analyzes culturally formed parenting styles during infancy, as related to the sociocultural orientations of independence and interdependence. Design. Free-play situations between mothers and 3-month-old infants were videotaped in 5 cultural communities that differ according to their sociocultural orientations: cultural communities in West Africa (N = 26), Gujarat in India (N = 39), Costa Rica (N = 21), Greece (N = 51), and G…
The Psycho-linguistic Embodiment of Parental Ethnotheories
A linguistic discourse analysis of the study of parental ethnotheories is proposed in this paper. It is argued that not only are ideas about parenting informed by the cultural environment, but the ways ideas are formulated in language itself can be understood as expressing cultural codes. In order to identify these cultural codes, we analysed interviews with mothers from independent and interdependent cultural contexts and looked for specific dif…
Conceptions of Parenting in Different Cultural Communities
The present study compares conceptions about parenting in two cultural communities that may be expected to hold different views on parent–child relationships. Sociodemographically diverse samples of 46 Northern German and 39 West African Nso women evaluated parenting behavior observed in 10 Nso and 10 German videotaped mother–infant interaction sequences. The individual evaluations were assessed in group contexts. The statements were analyzed wit…
Ecocultural Effects on Early Infant Care
In this study, the early social experiences of infants from two agricultural societies, Indian Rajput and Cameroonian Nso are compared to each other and to German urban middle-class families. Using spot observations, infants' social experiences were assessed when they were between 2.5 and 3 months. The parenting styles in the three communities are distinctly different from each other. However, the Nso and the Rajputs share a parenting pattern tha…
Early Socialization Contexts and Social Experiences of Infants in Rural and Urban Gujarat, India
In this study, the early social experiences of infants from a rural, traditionally agricultural community are compared with those of urban infants of the same region. Using spot observations, infants'daily social experiences were assessed when they were about 3 months of age. Based on overarching sociocultural orientations, the authors expected rural and urban caregivers to provide their infants with the same amount of body contact, kissing, and …
Cultural Models, Socialization Goals, and Parenting Ethnotheories
This study conceptualizes a cultural model of parenting. It is argued that cultural models are expressed in the degree of familism, which informs socialization goals that are embodied in parenting ethnotheories. Three cultural models were differentiated a priori: independent, interdependent, and autonomous-related. Samples were recruited that were expected to represent these cultural models: German, Euro-American, and Greek middle-class women rep…
Psychology (68 works) · Developmental psychology (60 works) · Social Psychology (42 works) · Sociology (41 works) · Geography (32 works) · Early Childhood Education and Development (30 works) · Cultural Differences and Values (29 works) · Social Psychology (28 works) · Socialization (24 works) · Political science (20 works)