Paula J Reimer
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 113382 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Paula J Reimer |
| NOMBRES | Paula J |
| APELLIDO | Reimer |
| FIRMA | REIMER P J |
| AFILIACIONES | Queen's University Belfast |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-9238-2146 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 99 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 8525 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 99 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1986 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 19 |
An open-source toolkit for radiocarbon dating and calibration
The analysis and interpretation of radiocarbon dates can involve many steps, such as switching between units or time-scales, assessing the impacts of contamination, applying marine or other offsets, inspecting calibration curves, calibrating dates, extracting probabilities from calibrated distributions, and analysing and plotting multiple dates. Here, we present rice , a new open-source R package which, together with other packages such as rbacon…
Problems of Radiocarbon Dating of the Final Bronze Age Sites in the Barnaul Ob Region
The article presents the results of AMS radiocarbon dating and stable isotope analysis of anthropological materials of the final Bronze Age from the Maly Gonbinsky Kordon-I/5 (MGK-I/5) burial ground in the Barnaul Ob region. The site contains burials of different cultures dating to the 10th– 2nd centuries BC, more than 20 graves in total, the majority of which belong to the «late Irmen» period. The study includes individuals from graves No. 13, 1…
Mike Baillie – Slices of Time
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The First Combined Radiocarbon and Archaeological Dating of the Great Migration Period Materials in Northern Altai
The lack of systematic chronologies is a key problem for the archaeological sites of Altai and adjacent territories during the Great Migration Period. Here we present an attempt to establish the chronology of the Bulan-Koby culture objects of the Karban-I necropolis by correlation of accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon (AMS 14 C) data from human remains with data from archaeological dating methods. This is the first application of such a co…
Development of the Intcal Database
The IntCal family of radiocarbon ( 14 C) calibration curves is based on research spanning more than three decades. The IntCal group have collated the 14 C and calendar age data (mostly derived from primary publications with other types of data and meta-data) and, since 2010, made them available for other sorts of analysis through an open-access database. This has ensured transparency in terms of the data used in the construction of the ratified c…
Combined AMS 14 C and archaeological dating of the Rouran period cemetery of Choburak-I (Northern Altai)
This paper presents a detailed chronological study of the previously undisturbed burial ground of Choburak-I of the Bulan-Koby Culture in the Northern Altai using a program of comprehensive dating, including AMS 14 C dating of human and animal remains (26 14 C dates from 12 kurgans in total), and archaeological dating of the associated artifacts. This completely excavated cemetery contained numerous grave goods and various organic remains (anthro…
Re-dating Roman Karanis, Egypt
One century after its initial excavation, this article presents the first absolute chronology for the settlement of Karanis in Egypt. Radiocarbon dates from crops retrieved from settlement structures suggest that the site was inhabited beyond the middle of the fifth century AD, the time at which it was previously believed to have been abandoned. These dates add to the complex picture of population fluctuations and the remodelling and reuse of str…
Australian Marine Radiocarbon Reservoir Effects
Studies of pre-bomb mollusks live-collected around the Australian coastline have concluded that near-shore marine radiocarbon reservoir effects are small and relatively uniform. These studies are based on limited samples of sometimes dubious quality representing only selective parts of Australia’s lengthy coastline. We systematically examine spatial variability in the marine radiocarbon reservoir effect (ΔR) through analysis of 292 live-collected…
Marine Radiocarbon Calibration in Polar Regions
The Marine20 radiocarbon ( 14 C) age calibration curve, and all earlier marine 14 C calibration curves from the IntCal group, must be used extremely cautiously for the calibration of marine 14 C samples from polar regions (outside ∼ 40oS–40oN) during glacial periods. Calibrating polar 14 C marine samples from glacial periods against any Marine calibration curve (Marine20 or any earlier product) using an estimate of ${\rm{\Delta R}}$ , the regiona…
Minimally Destructive Radiocarbon Dating of Caprine Dung
Archaeological dung pellets are time capsules of ancient herbivore diets and gut flora, informing on past agropastoral activity, ecology, and animal health. Improving multi-proxy approaches is key to maximizing this finite archaeological resource. Through experiments with standard pretreatments used in radiocarbon ( 14 C) dating, we address a fundamental problem in maximal multi-proxy analysis: How to chronometrically date individual caprine pell…
Ramped pyrolysis radiocarbon dating of lime lumps
Ramped pyrolysis radiocarbon dating was carried out on lime lumps from what was believed to be the oldest remains of Turku Cathedral, Finland, the first sacristy. Lumps extracted from bulk mortar from five sampling locations were analysed. For each sample, 5–6 fractions of CO2 from different temperature fractions were radiocarbon dated. One of the five samples exhibited significant contamination for its lowest temperature fractions. For the remai…
Enhancing mummy ‘palaeobiographies’ through the use of multidisciplinary techniques and approaches
Scientific examination of mummies has provided a better understanding of the ancestry, diet, disease, medical practices, mummification processes, culture and society of human populations worldwide and from different epochs. However, many examinations have been invasive and/or destructive, leading to current-day concerns among archaeologists and mummy custodians about this methodology. Multidisciplinary approaches, notably minimally invasive biops…
A Response to Community Questions on the Marine20 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve
Radiocarbon ( 14 C) concentrations in the oceans are different from those in the atmosphere. Understanding these ocean-atmospheric 14 C differences is important both to estimate the calendar ages of samples which obtained their 14 C in the marine environment, and to investigate the carbon cycle. The Marine20 radiocarbon age calibration curve is created to address these dual aims by providing a global-scale surface ocean record of radiocarbon from…
Freshwater Reservoir Effects in Archaeological Contexts of Siberia and the Eurasian Steppe
In this paper we evaluate the extent of freshwater reservoir effects (37 samples across 12 locations) and present new data from various archaeological sites in the Eurasian Steppe. Together with a summary of previous research on modern and archaeological samples, this provides the most up-to-date map of the freshwater reservoir offsets in the region. The data confirm previous observations highlighting that FREs are widespread but highly variable …
Radiocarbon Constraints on Periods of Positive Cave Ice Mass Balance During the Last Millennium, Julian Alps (Nw Slovenia)
Caves containing perennial ice deposits make up a little-known, but emerging part of the cryosphere under increasing scrutiny from the scientific community. M-17, a sag-type ice cave opening at 1879 m asl in the Tolminski Migovec massif of the Julian Alps (NW Slovenia) contains a perennial underground ice deposit whose paleoclimate sensitivity is poorly understood and whose longevity under current climate change is at risk. The past mass balance …
University of Washington Quaternary Isotope Laboratory Retrospective
The Quaternary Isotope Laboratory (QIL) at the University of Washington was launched in 1969 and directed by Minze Stuiver until his retirement in 1998. Here we review some of the scientific work undertaken in the QIL and the memories of some of Minze’s former students and colleagues
Evolution of Radiocarbon Calibration
In the late 1950s it was recognized that levels of atmospheric radiocarbon ( 14 C) had not been constant over time. Since then, researchers have sought to document those changes, initially through measurements of known age tree rings and more recently using other archives to create curves to correct or calibrate radiocarbon ages to calendar ages. This paper highlights some, but by no means all, of the efforts to create and extend radiocarbon cali…
Landscapes for Neolithic People in Mainland, Orkney
Neolithic occupation of the Orkney Islands, in the north of Scotland, probably began in the mid fourth millennium cal BC, culminating in a range of settlements, including stone-built houses, varied stone-built tombs and two noteworthy stone circles. The environmental and landscape context of the spectacular archaeology, however, remains poorly understood. We applied the Multiple Scenario Approach (MSA) to Neolithic pollen records from Mainland, O…
Millet Consumption in Siberia Prior to Mid-Second Millennium Bc? A Review of Recent Developments
In this paper we discuss recent developments in documenting the spread of millet across the Eurasian steppes. We emphasize that, despite a recent proposal that millet consumption in southern Siberia can be attributed to the Early Bronze Age (i.e., the late third to early second millennium BC), at present there are no direct data for southern Siberia indicating the consumption of millet prior to the Late Bronze Age, from the 14th century BC. We al…
Palaeodiet and animal husbandry in a changing environment from the Mesolithic to the Viking Age in the Limfjord area, Denmark, from δ13C and δ15N analyses
Ramped pyroxidation radiocarbon dating of a preservative contaminated early medieval wooden bowl
Ramped pyroxidation
A New Ramped Pyroxidation/Combustion Facility at 14 Chrono, Belfast
The Belfast Ramped Pyroxidation/Combustion (RPO/RC) facility was established at the 14 CHRONO Centre (Queen’s University Belfast). The facility was created to provide targeted analysis of bulk material for refined chronological analysis and carbon source attribution for a range of sample types. Here we report initial RPO results, principally on background material, but also including secondary standards that are routinely analyzed at 14 CHRONO. A…
Composition and consequences of the IntCal20 radiocarbon calibration curve
Radiocarbon calibration is necessary to correct for variations in atmospheric radiocarbon over time. The IntCal working group has developed an updated and extended radiocarbon calibration curve, IntCal20, for Northern Hemisphere terrestrial samples from 0 to 55,000 cal yr BP. This paper summarizes the new datasets, changes to existing datasets, and the statistical method used for constructing the new curve. Examples of the effect of the new calib…
Mobility and diet in Prehistoric Denmark
The Limfjord in Denmark held a prominent position throughout Prehistory as a natural communication port between east and west. Identifying the presence of non-local individuals might shed light on socio-economic and cultural changes occurring in the Limfjord area. Existing studies attempting to do so using strontium isotope analysis on Danish prehistoric remains focus on certain archaeological time periods and geographic locations, resulting in a…
IntCal09 and Marine09 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves, 0-50,000 Years cal BP
The IntCal04 and Marine04 radiocarbon calibration curves have been updated from 12 cal kBP (cal kBP is here defined as thousands of calibrated years before AD 1950), and extended to 50 cal kBP, utilizing newly available data sets that meet the IntCal Working Group criteria for pristine corals and other carbonates and for quantification of uncertainty in both the 14 C and calendar timescales as established in 2002. No change was made to the curves…
IntCal13 and Marine13 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves 0–50,000 Years cal BP
The IntCal09 and Marine09 radiocarbon calibration curves have been revised utilizing newly available and updated data sets from 14 C measurements on tree rings, plant macrofossils, speleothems, corals, and foraminifera. The calibration curves were derived from the data using the random walk model (RWM) used to generate IntCal09 and Marine09, which has been revised to account for additional uncertainties and error structures. The new curves were r…
INTCAL98 Radiocarbon Age Calibration, 24,000-0 cal BP
The focus of this paper is the conversion of radiocarbon ages to calibrated (cal) ages for the interval 24,000-0 cal BP (Before Present, 0 cal BP = AD 1950), based upon a sample set of dendrochronologically dated tree rings, uranium-thorium dated corals, and varve-counted marine sediment. The 14 C age-cal age information, produced by many laboratories, is converted to Δ 14 C profiles and calibration curves, for the atmosphere as well as the ocean…
Intcal04 Terrestrial Radiocarbon Age Calibration, 0–26 Cal Kyr BP
A new calibration curve for the conversion of radiocarbon ages to calibrated (cal) ages has been constructed and internationally ratified to replace IntCal98, which extended from 0–24 cal kyr BP (Before Present, 0 cal BP = AD 1950). The new calibration data set for terrestrial samples extends from 0–26 cal kyr BP, but with much higher resolution beyond 11.4 cal kyr BP than IntCal98. Dendrochronologically-dated tree-ring samples cover the period f…
The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55 cal kBP)
Radiocarbon ( 14 C) ages cannot provide absolutely dated chronologies for archaeological or paleoenvironmental studies directly but must be converted to calendar age equivalents using a calibration curve compensating for fluctuations in atmospheric 14 C concentration. Although calibration curves are constructed from independently dated archives, they invariably require revision as new data become available and our understanding of the Earth syste…
Extended 14 C Data Base and Revised Calib 3.0 14 C Age Calibration Program
The age calibration program, CALIB (Stuiver & Reimer 1986), first made available in 1986 and subsequently modified in 1987 (revision 2.0 and 2.1), has been amended anew. The 1993 program (revision 3.0) incorporates further refinements and a new calibration data set covering nearly 22,000 cal yr (≈18,400 14 C yr). The new data, and corrections to the previously used data set, derive from a 6-yr (1986–1992) time-scale calibration effort of several …
SHCal13 Southern Hemisphere Calibration, 0–50,000 Years cal BP
The Southern Hemisphere SHCal04 radiocarbon calibration curve has been updated with the addition of new data sets extending measurements to 2145 cal BP and including the ANSTO Younger Dryas Huon pine data set. Outside the range of measured data, the curve is based upon the ern Hemisphere data sets as presented in IntCal13, with an interhemispheric offset averaging 43 ± 23 yr modeled by an autoregressive process to represent the short-term correla…
SHCal20 Southern Hemisphere Calibration, 0–55,000 Years cal BP
Early researchers of radiocarbon levels in Southern Hemisphere tree rings identified a variable North-South hemispheric offset, necessitating construction of a separate radiocarbon calibration curve for the South. We present here SHCal20, a revised calibration curve from 0–55,000 cal BP, based upon SHCal13 and fortified by the addition of 14 new tree-ring data sets in the 2140–0, 3520–3453, 3608–3590 and 13,140–11,375 cal BP time intervals. We de…
A Computer Program for Radiocarbon Age Calibration
The calibration curves and tables given in this issue of RADIOCARBON form a data base ideally suited for a computerized operation. The program listed below converts a radiocarbon age and its age error o s (one standard deviation) into calibrated ages (intercepts with the calibration curve), and ranges of calibrated ages that correspond to the age error. The standard deviation o C in the calibration curve is taken into account using (see Stuiver a…
Marine20—The Marine Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve (0–55,000 cal BP)
The concentration of radiocarbon ( 14 C) differs between ocean and atmosphere. Radiocarbon determinations from samples which obtained their 14 C in the marine environment therefore need a marine-specific calibration curve and cannot be calibrated directly against the atmospheric-based IntCal20 curve. This paper presents Marine20, an update to the internationally agreed marine radiocarbon age calibration curve that provides a non-polar global-aver…
High-Precision Radiocarbon Age Calibration for Terrestrial and Marine Samples
Single-year and decadal radiocarbon tree-ring ages are tabulated and discussed in terms of 14 C age calibration. The single-year data form the basis of a detailed 14 C age calibration curve for the cal ad 1510–1954 interval (“cal” denotes calibrated). The Seattle decadal data set (back to 11,617 cal BP, with 0 BP = ad 1950) is a component of the integrated decadal INTCAL98 14 C age curve (Stuiver et al. 1998). Atmospheric 14 C ages can be transfo…
Marine04 Marine Radiocarbon Age Calibration, 0–26 Cal Kyr Bp
New radiocarbon calibration curves, IntCal04 and Marine04, have been constructed and internationally ratified to replace the terrestrial and marine components of IntCal98. The new calibration data sets extend an additional 2000 yr, from 0–26 cal kyr BP (Before Present, 0 cal BP = AD 1950), and provide much higher resolution, greater precision, and more detailed structure than IntCal98. For the Marine04 curve, dendrochronologically-dated tree-ring…
Understanding the variability in freshwater radiocarbon reservoir offsets
Stable isotope dietary analysis of prehistoric populations from the Minusinsk Basin, Southern Siberia, Russia
An Online Application for ΔR Calculation
A regional offset (ΔR) from the marine radiocarbon calibration curve is widely used in calibration software (e.g. CALIB, OxCal) but often is not calculated correctly. While relatively straightforward for known-age samples, such as mollusks from museum collections or annually banded corals, it is more difficult to calculate ΔR and the uncertainty in ΔR for 14 C dates on paired marine and terrestrial samples. Previous researchers have often utilize…
The IntCal20 Approach to Radiocarbon Calibration Curve Construction
To create a reliable radiocarbon calibration curve, one needs not only high-quality data but also a robust statistical methodology. The unique aspects of much of the calibration data provide considerable modeling challenges and require a made-to-measure approach to curve construction that accurately represents and adapts to these individualities, bringing the data together into a single curve. For IntCal20, the statistical methodology has undergo…
Selection and Treatment of Data for Radiocarbon Calibration
High-quality data from appropriate archives are needed for the continuing improvement of radiocarbon calibration curves. We discuss here the basic assumptions behind 14 C dating that necessitate calibration and the relative strengths and weaknesses of archives from which calibration data are obtained. We also highlight the procedures, problems, and uncertainties involved in determining atmospheric and surface ocean 14 C/ 12 C in these archives, i…
Climatic controls on Later Stone Age human adaptation in Africa's southern Cape
The end of the affair
A Response to Community Questions on the Marine20 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curve
Radiocarbon ( 14 C) concentrations in the oceans are different from those in the atmosphere. Understanding these ocean-atmospheric 14 C differences is important both to estimate the calendar ages of samples which obtained their 14 C in the marine environment, and to investigate the carbon cycle. The Marine20 radiocarbon age calibration curve is created to address these dual aims by providing a global-scale surface ocean record of radiocarbon from…
Reservoir Effect of the Southern and Southeastern Brazilian Coast
A regional marine reservoir correction (ΔR) of 33±24 14 C yr for southern Brazil was obtained from 6 marine shell samples collected in the states of Santa Catarina and Paraná. This work also presents a ΔR estimation of 8±17 14C yr for the southern and southeastern Brazilian coast from the states of Rio de Janeiro to Santa Catarina, obtained by including 7 ages published in previous works. The high variability of R in modern and Holocene samples f…
To Cut a Long Story Short
In the context of unanswered questions about the nature and development of the Late Neolithic in Orkney, we present a summary of research up to 2015 on the major site at the Ness of Brodgar, Mainland Orkney, concentrating on the impressive buildings. Finding sufficient samples for radiocarbon dating was a considerable challenge. There are indications, from both features and finds, of activity pre-dating the main set of buildings exposed so far by…
Developments in radiocarbon calibration for archaeology
This update on radiocarbon calibration results from the 19th International Radiocarbon Conference at Oxford in April 2006, and is essential reading for all archaeologists. The way radiocarbon dates and absolute dates relate to each other differs in three periods: back to 12400 cal BP, radiocarbon dates can be calibrated with tree rings, and the calibration curve in this form should soon extend back to 18000 cal BP. Between 12400 and 26000 cal BP,…
Freshwater Reservoir Effect on Redating of Eurasian Steppe Cultures
Freshwater reservoir effects (FRE) can cause problems when radiocarbon dating human skeletal material from the Eurasian steppe. This article presents the first results of research into the extent of the FRE in the sites of Borly 4 (Eneolithic) and Shauke 1 and 8b (Early Bronze Age), northeastern Kazakhstan. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14 C dating and stable isotope (δ 13 C, δ 15 N) analysis of associated groups of samples (32 samples, 11 …
Further isotopic evidence for seaweed-eating sheep from Neolithic Orkney
A Computer Program for Radiocarbon Age Calibration
The calibration curves and tables given in this issue of RADIOCARBON form a data base ideally suited for a computerized operation. The program listed below converts a radiocarbon age and its age error o s (one standard deviation) into calibrated ages (intercepts with the calibration curve), and ranges of calibrated ages that correspond to the age error. The standard deviation o C in the calibration curve is taken into account using (see Stuiver a…
Extended 14 C Data Base and Revised Calib 3.0 14 C Age Calibration Program
The age calibration program, CALIB (Stuiver & Reimer 1986), first made available in 1986 and subsequently modified in 1987 (revision 2.0 and 2.1), has been amended anew. The 1993 program (revision 3.0) incorporates further refinements and a new calibration data set covering nearly 22,000 cal yr (≈18,400 14 C yr). The new data, and corrections to the previously used data set, derive from a 6-yr (1986–1992) time-scale calibration effort of several …
Large-Volume Woce Radiocarbon Sampling in the Pacific Ocean
At the University of Miami Tritium Laboratory and the University of Washington Quaternary Isotope Laboratory, more than 1000 large-volume Pacific Ocean radiocarbon samples were measured for the WOCE program. Here we present a comprehensive data set, and a brief discussion of our findings
Problems in Radiocarbon Dating Human Remains from Arid Coastal Areas
Three AMS radiocarbon dates on bone collagen from Las Palmas culture human skeletons from the cape region of Baja California are analyzed. Carbon derived from both terrestrial and marine sources necessitates correcting the radiocarbon ages for reservoir effects. Complicating this, however, are (a) the uncertain percentage of carbon of marine origin in the samples and (b) the convergence of the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California, which diffe…
A Tribute to Minze Stuiver Upon his Retirement
The renowned lab, which Minze founded 29 years ago, will close when he leaves. Throughout his long and produc- tive career, Minze's integrity
High-Precision Radiocarbon Age Calibration for Terrestrial and Marine Samples
Single-year and decadal radiocarbon tree-ring ages are tabulated and discussed in terms of 14 C age calibration. The single-year data form the basis of a detailed 14 C age calibration curve for the cal ad 1510–1954 interval (“cal” denotes calibrated). The Seattle decadal data set (back to 11,617 cal BP, with 0 BP = ad 1950) is a component of the integrated decadal INTCAL98 14 C age curve (Stuiver et al. 1998). Atmospheric 14 C ages can be transfo…
INTCAL98 Radiocarbon Age Calibration, 24,000-0 cal BP
The focus of this paper is the conversion of radiocarbon ages to calibrated (cal) ages for the interval 24,000-0 cal BP (Before Present, 0 cal BP = AD 1950), based upon a sample set of dendrochronologically dated tree rings, uranium-thorium dated corals, and varve-counted marine sediment. The 14 C age-cal age information, produced by many laboratories, is converted to Δ 14 C profiles and calibration curves, for the atmosphere as well as the ocean…
No Systematic Early Bias to Mediterranean 14 C Ages
Existing data and theory do not support a recent assertion that upwelling of old carbon has led to systematically 100–300 yr too old radiocarbon ages for the Mediterranean region. Similarly, the prehistoric tree-ring record produced over 3 decades by the Aegean Dendrochronology Project is shown to provide robust, well-replicated data, contrary to a recent unfounded assertion. 14 C and dendrochronology provide an accurate and precise chronometric …
Preliminary Report of the First Workshop of the Intcal04 Radiocarbon Calibration/Comparison Working Group
The first meeting of the IntCal04 working group took place at Queen's University Belfast from April 15 to 17, 2002. The participants are listed as co-authors of this report. The meeting considered criteria for the acceptance of data into the next official calibration dataset, the importance of including reliable estimates of uncertainty in both the radiocarbon ages and the cal ages, and potential methods for combining datasets. This preliminary r…
A wiggle-match date for Polynesian settlement of New Zealand
Dating initial colonisation and environmental impacts by Polynesians in New Zealand is controversial. A key horizon is provided by the Kaharoa Tephra, deposited from an eruption of Mt Tarawera, because just underneath this layer are the first signs of forest clearance which imply human settlement. The authors used a log of celery pine from within Kaharoa deposits to derive a new precise date for the eruption via “wiggle-matching” – matching the r…
From the Guest Editor
Early in the history of radiocarbon dating, it was recognized atmospheric 14 C was not constant (de Vries 1958). Soon afterwards, numerous 14 C calibration data sets were in use. The need for a consensus 14 C calibration data set led to the first internationally agreed-upon calibration in 1982 Since that time, the calibration data sets have continued to be extended and improved. The calibration data sets have traditionally been presented for rati…
Intcal04 Terrestrial Radiocarbon Age Calibration, 0–26 Cal Kyr BP
A new calibration curve for the conversion of radiocarbon ages to calibrated (cal) ages has been constructed and internationally ratified to replace IntCal98, which extended from 0–24 cal kyr BP (Before Present, 0 cal BP = AD 1950). The new calibration data set for terrestrial samples extends from 0–26 cal kyr BP, but with much higher resolution beyond 11.4 cal kyr BP than IntCal98. Dendrochronologically-dated tree-ring samples cover the period f…
Marine04 Marine Radiocarbon Age Calibration, 0–26 Cal Kyr Bp
New radiocarbon calibration curves, IntCal04 and Marine04, have been constructed and internationally ratified to replace the terrestrial and marine components of IntCal98. The new calibration data sets extend an additional 2000 yr, from 0–26 cal kyr BP (Before Present, 0 cal BP = AD 1950), and provide much higher resolution, greater precision, and more detailed structure than IntCal98. For the Marine04 curve, dendrochronologically-dated tree-ring…
Reservoir Effect of the Southern and Southeastern Brazilian Coast
A regional marine reservoir correction (ΔR) of 33±24 14 C yr for southern Brazil was obtained from 6 marine shell samples collected in the states of Santa Catarina and Paraná. This work also presents a ΔR estimation of 8±17 14C yr for the southern and southeastern Brazilian coast from the states of Rio de Janeiro to Santa Catarina, obtained by including 7 ages published in previous works. The high variability of R in modern and Holocene samples f…
The Viejo Period of Chihuahua Culture in Northwestern Mexico
Chihuahua culture" refers to two prehistoric periods of ceramic agricultural occupation in northwestern Mexico. It has long been known that the Medio period (ca. A.D. 1200-1450), with substantial adobe pueblo villages and towns, and ceramics that included elaborate polychrome wares, occurred over a vast region in western and northern Chihuahua and northeastern Sonora. It was also recognized that the preceding Viejo period, with pithouse and wattl…
A 1500-year record of temperature and glacial response inferred from varved Iceberg Lake, southcentral Alaska
We present a varve thickness chronology from glacier-dammed Iceberg Lake in the southern Alaska icefields. Radiogenic evidence confirms that laminations are annual and record continuous sediment deposition from A.D. 442 to A.D. 1998. Varve thickness is positively correlated with Northern Hemisphere temperature trends, and more strongly with a local, ∼600 yr long tree ring width chronology. Varve thickness increases in warm summers because of high…
Developments in radiocarbon calibration for archaeology
This update on radiocarbon calibration results from the 19th International Radiocarbon Conference at Oxford in April 2006, and is essential reading for all archaeologists. The way radiocarbon dates and absolute dates relate to each other differs in three periods: back to 12400 cal BP, radiocarbon dates can be calibrated with tree rings, and the calibration curve in this form should soon extend back to 18000 cal BP. Between 12400 and 26000 cal BP,…
Vegetation history at the multi-period prehistoric complex at Ballynahatty, Co. Down, Northern Ireland
Organizing Committees
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A Tentative Determination of Upwelling Influence on the Paleo-Surficial Marine Water Reservoir Effect in Southeastern Brazil
Previous work has suggested that seasonal and interannual upwelling of deep, cold, radiocarbon-depleted waters from the South Atlantic has caused variations in the reservoir effect ( R ) through time along the southern coast of Brazil. This work aims to examine the possible upwelling influence on the paleoreservoir age of Brazilian surficial coastal waters based on paired terrestrial/marine samples obtained from archaeological remains. On the Bra…
New Radiocarbon Dates and a Review of the Chronology of Prehistoric Populations from the Minusinsk Basin, Southern Siberia, Russia
The results are presented of a new program of radiocarbon dating undertaken on 88 human skeletons. The individuals derived from Eneolithic to Early Iron Age sites—Afanasievo, Okunevo, Andronovo (Fedorovo), Karasuk, and Tagar cultures—in the Minusinsk Basin of Southern Siberia. All the new dates have been acquired from human bone, which is in contrast to some of the previous dates for this region obtained from wood and thus possibly unreliable due…
IntCal09 and Marine09 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves, 0-50,000 Years cal BP
The IntCal04 and Marine04 radiocarbon calibration curves have been updated from 12 cal kBP (cal kBP is here defined as thousands of calibrated years before AD 1950), and extended to 50 cal kBP, utilizing newly available data sets that meet the IntCal Working Group criteria for pristine corals and other carbonates and for quantification of uncertainty in both the 14 C and calendar timescales as established in 2002. No change was made to the curves…
Evidence for progressive Holocene aridification in southern Africa recorded in Namibian hyrax middens
Presented here are stable nitrogen isotope data from a rock hyrax ( Procavia capensis ) middens from northwestern Namibia that record a series of rapid aridification events beginning at ca. 3800 cal yr BP, and which mark a progressive decrease in regional humidity across the Holocene. Strong correlations exist between this record and other terrestrial and marine archives from southern Africa, indicating that the observed pattern of climate change…
Understanding the variability in freshwater radiocarbon reservoir offsets
Debates over Palaeolithic chronology – the reliability of 14C is confirmed
Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (79 obras) · Radiocarbon dating (73 obras) · Geography (69 obras) · Archaeology (67 obras) · Geology (66 obras) · Geology and Paleoclimatology Research (50 obras) · Paleontology (48 obras) · Isotope Analysis in Ecology (27 obras) · Physical geography (26 obras) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (26 obras)