Richard Stansfield
Biographic Data
| ID | 137646 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Richard Stansfield |
| GIVEN NAMES | Richard |
| FAMILY NAME | Stansfield |
| SIGNATURE | STANSFIELD R |
| AFFILIATIONS | Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0172-3545 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 39 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 118 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 39 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1964 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Firearm Exposure, Health Risk Behaviors, and Health Outcomes in Rural Youth
Firearm violence was the leading cause of death among children and adolescents in the United States in 2024, with suicide and firearm-related injuries in rural youth representing a particular concern. This integrative review aims to investigate rural youth exposure to firearms, including trends in handgun carrying, usage, and exposure to firearm violence. Additional evidence is reviewed for associated health outcomes such as adverse mental health…
Licensed Firearm Dealers, ATF Inspection Violations, and the Impact on Local Shootings
Gun dealers play an important role in preventing the purchase of weapons by prohibited buyers and stemming the flow of guns from legal to illegal markets. Therefore, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) plays a crucial crime prevention role through regulating and inspecting licensed dealers for compliance. The current study assesses the impact of an ATF inspection that reveals noncompliance with federal law on local neigh…
Community Firearm Violence and Dental Care Use in Middle Adulthood
A neighborhood analysis of U.S homicide clearances in 50 cities
Local homicides increase suicide in US counties
Citizen-Driven Firearm Safety Policies in a Rural Pennsylvania County
We explore data from focus group interviews ( n = 25) and community surveys ( n = 630) to examine resident support for policies to reduce firearm injuries in a rural Pennsylvania county. The data highlights overwhelming community support for integrating firearms safety education for persons under the age of 18 years. Support for expanding safe storage options and safety training varied significantly based on a resident’s own firearm ownership, co…
Willingness to change and coming home from prison
This study's purpose is to explore the factors which maximize willingness to change within people as they are released from prison. Using data from a panel of men in the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative (SVORI) study and a hybrid item response theory approach, a modified graded response model is used to estimate people's overall willingness to change. That estimate serves as the dependent variable in a series of regression models w…
Local gun violence, mental health, and sleep
Licensed firearm dealers, legal compliance, and local homicide
Research summary This study uses a combination of tract‐level and street network‐level analyses to examine: (1) the overall association between federally licensed firearm dealers (FFLs) and homicides, (2) the relationship between dealers with serious violations (such as selling to prohibited buyers or failing to record sales) and homicide, and (3) whether the dealer–homicide association is moderated by community disadvantage. Results replicate an…
The Relationship between Concealed Carry Licenses and Firearm Homicide in the US
Reciprocal Neighborhood Dynamics in Gun Violence Exposure, Community Health, and Concentrated Disadvantage in One Hundred US Cities
Gun violence imparts a tremendous human and financial toll on local communities. Researchers have documented extensive mental and physical health consequences of generalized violence exposure but few studies have analyzed the particular impacts of gun violence on community well-being using nationally comprehensive data. We leverage a unique database of almost 16,000 neighborhoods in 100 US cities (2014-2019) to examine how year-over-year rates of…
Concentrated disadvantage and functional disability
BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic disadvantage related to poverty, unemployment and social disinvestment contributes to significant disparities in community health in the USA. Yet, there remains limited ecological research on the relationship between neighbourhood disadvantage and functional disability. Much of the work in this area has focused on elderly populations without attention to variation across age and sex groups. METHODS: Using a longitudinal …
Urban housing affordability, economic disadvantage and racial disparities in gun violence
This study seeks to examine how urban affordability, and related issues of eviction and joblessness, are associated with gun violence in the United States. After discussing the theoretical importance of studying housing affordability, we provide a preliminary examination of how urban affordability moderates the relationship between other markers of economic disadvantage and gun violence. This study further considers whether these different indica…
The Dynamics of Race, Place, and Homicide Context in the Relationship between Firearm Dealers and Gun Violence
This study examines the relationship between the concentration of legal firearm dealers and firearm homicide in 27 states. Using data collected from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) and the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS), multilevel negative binomial models are used to estimate homicides perpetrated with a firearm. We assess separate models for White and Black victims across three homicide types. The…
Eviction and Crime
In this study, we use generalized estimating equation (GEE) models to analyze how rates of eviction correspond to homicide, robbery, and burglary rates across all residential neighborhoods in Philadelphia from 2006 through 2016. We assess the moderating role of neighborhood poverty accounting for residential mobility, economic disadvantage, and community composition. We find that eviction is associated with all three types of crime in fully contr…
The Risk of Family Violence After Incarceration
Despite the importance of understanding the prevalence, causes, and consequences of conflict and violence within families, the specific risk of violence following a family member’s release from incarceration has been hard to ascertain. Research indicates that a significant percentage of persons released from incarceration will experience involvement in family violence in their life, yet it remains unclear whether this heightened risk exists due t…
Community gun violence and functional disability
Persistence and Potential Lethality in Intimate Partner Violence
This study seeks to determine the concurrent and predictive validity of a dual risk assessment protocol. It combines the risk of persistence in intimate partner violence (IPV) measured via the Domestic Violence Screening Instrument-Revised (DVSI-R) with supplemental items from the Danger Risk Assessment (DRA) bearing on the risk of potential lethality. We further test whether this assessment protocol reproduces disparities by race and ethnicity f…
Police use of firearms
Examining Change in Family Conflict and Family Violence After Release From Prison
This study examines changes in family conflict and violence among a sample of adult men after release from prison. Using longitudinal panel data on 1,282 men in the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative, cross-lagged dynamic fixed-effects panel data models are used to examine factors that relate to family conflict and family violence perpetrated by men after release from prison. Increased contact with family members during incarceration…
Family Matters
OBJECTIVES: Informed by social control and differential coercion and social support theories, we examine how multiple theoretically and methodologically distinct factors of family support relate to reincarceration, substance use, and criminal offending during prison reentry. METHOD: Using four waves of data from the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative, we identified three separate factors of family support-interactional (e.g., providi…
Consequences of mental and physical health for reentry and recidivism
During the last few decades, criminologists have identified several adult roles and statuses, including employment, positive family relations, and economic stability, as critical for promoting successful reintegration and desistance. Very few researchers, however, have investigated the conditions that serve to bring about these transitions and successes crucial for behavior change. As a complement to a burgeoning amount of literature on the impac…
Neighborhood health, social structure and family violence
Women's Engagement with Humanist, Spiritual and Religious Meaning-Making in Prison
This study explores the long-term impact on recidivism of the engagement of over 300 women prisoners with humanist, spiritual and religious ways of making meaning during their incarceration. Prison chaplains and community volunteers in the Oregon Department of Corrections offered a diverse range of humanist, spiritual and religious (HSR) events to the women, and 95% of them voluntarily engaged at varied levels with an average participation rate o…
Threat Perceptions of Migrants in Britain and Support for Policy
Arguments that migrants represent a threat to the Britain are often cast in terms of impact on the economy and a criminal threat to Britain's streets. We examine the impact of these attitudes on support for policies curtailing the rights of European Union (EU) and non-EU migrants in the United Kingdom separately, as well as their implications for support for punitive criminal sanctions. Using data on a nationally representative sample of Britons,…
Consequences of mental and physical health for reentry and recidivism
During the last few decades, criminologists have identified several adult roles and statuses, including employment, positive family relations, and economic stability, as critical for promoting successful reintegration and desistance. Very few researchers, however, have investigated the conditions that serve to bring about these transitions and successes crucial for behavior change. As a complement to a burgeoning amount of literature on the impac…
The Changing Urban Landscape
Objectives. We investigated how racial/ethnic shifts in the urban landscape influence race-specific violence by considering changes in the size of the Hispanic population, racial/ethnic contact, and racial segregation patterns. Methods. We used a time-series approach incorporating 4 decennial periods (1980, 1990, 2000, and 2010) to determine whether racial/ethnic demographic changes in 144 US cities influenced White and Black homicide rates. Sour…
American crime drops
Safer Cities
As the literature examining the relationship between immigration and crime continues to evolve, scholars are now searching for ways to expand this link conceptually. Hand in hand with immigration, the number of Hispanic-owned businesses has grown at rates far exceeding the growth rate for all US businesses over the past two decades, carrying the expectation of local and national government officials of bringing jobs and revenue back into the econ…
Reciprocal Neighborhood Dynamics in Gun Violence Exposure, Community Health, and Concentrated Disadvantage in One Hundred US Cities
Gun violence imparts a tremendous human and financial toll on local communities. Researchers have documented extensive mental and physical health consequences of generalized violence exposure but few studies have analyzed the particular impacts of gun violence on community well-being using nationally comprehensive data. We leverage a unique database of almost 16,000 neighborhoods in 100 US cities (2014-2019) to examine how year-over-year rates of…
Community gun violence and functional disability
Probing Change in Racial Self-identification
Recent studies have shown that racial identification varies across context and time. Although sociologists recognize many contextual factors associated with racial group membership, relatively little attention has been given to understanding the specific factors-such as self-perceptions, socioeconomic incentives, and family pressures-that relate to changes in racial self-identification, especially among children of immigrants individuals who may …
Teasing out the effects of macro-conditions on race-specific male homicide rates
Local gun violence, mental health, and sleep
Threat Perceptions of Migrants in Britain and Support for Policy
Arguments that migrants represent a threat to the Britain are often cast in terms of impact on the economy and a criminal threat to Britain's streets. We examine the impact of these attitudes on support for policies curtailing the rights of European Union (EU) and non-EU migrants in the United Kingdom separately, as well as their implications for support for punitive criminal sanctions. Using data on a nationally representative sample of Britons,…
Temporal changes in racial violence, 1980 to 2006
Assessing the Effects of Recent Immigration on Serious Property Crime in Austin, Texas
In this article the authors examine the impact of recent immigration on rates of serious property crime across communities in Austin, Texas. The greater Austin foreign-born population has increased by more than 580 percent since 1980, and Austin is considered a 'preemerging' immigrant gateway city to the United States. The changing population dynamics in Austin provide an excellent opportunity to study the effect of recent immigration on crime in…
Licensed firearm dealers, legal compliance, and local homicide
Research summary This study uses a combination of tract‐level and street network‐level analyses to examine: (1) the overall association between federally licensed firearm dealers (FFLs) and homicides, (2) the relationship between dealers with serious violations (such as selling to prohibited buyers or failing to record sales) and homicide, and (3) whether the dealer–homicide association is moderated by community disadvantage. Results replicate an…
The Relationship between Concealed Carry Licenses and Firearm Homicide in the US
Teen Involvement in Sports and Risky Behaviour
A growing body of evidence suggests a link between youth participation in sport and delinquency including violence and problematic alcohol use. No studies have yet conducted a large-scale cross-national study of this relationship. Furthermore, few studies have probed whether there are threshold effects or turning points in the level of sports participation for delinquency. Specifically, by considering differences by gender, type of delinquency an…
A Multilevel Analysis of Hispanic Youth, Exposure to the United States, and Retail Theft
Concentrated disadvantage and functional disability
BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic disadvantage related to poverty, unemployment and social disinvestment contributes to significant disparities in community health in the USA. Yet, there remains limited ecological research on the relationship between neighbourhood disadvantage and functional disability. Much of the work in this area has focused on elderly populations without attention to variation across age and sex groups. METHODS: Using a longitudinal …
Industrial Participation (Theory and Practice)
Biological Aspects of Social Problems
A Multilevel Analysis of Hispanic Youth, Exposure to the United States, and Retail Theft
Safer Cities
As the literature examining the relationship between immigration and crime continues to evolve, scholars are now searching for ways to expand this link conceptually. Hand in hand with immigration, the number of Hispanic-owned businesses has grown at rates far exceeding the growth rate for all US businesses over the past two decades, carrying the expectation of local and national government officials of bringing jobs and revenue back into the econ…
Assessing the Effects of Recent Immigration on Serious Property Crime in Austin, Texas
In this article the authors examine the impact of recent immigration on rates of serious property crime across communities in Austin, Texas. The greater Austin foreign-born population has increased by more than 580 percent since 1980, and Austin is considered a 'preemerging' immigrant gateway city to the United States. The changing population dynamics in Austin provide an excellent opportunity to study the effect of recent immigration on crime in…
Teasing out the effects of macro-conditions on race-specific male homicide rates
Homicide
This entry provides a definition of homicide and debates the two most widely used sources of homicide data, the Supplementary Homicide Reports ( SHR ) of the FBI 's Uniform Crime Reporting Program and mortality data from the Vital Statistics Division of the National Center for Health Statistics ( NCHS ). These data are then used to illustrate the changing nature of homicide offending in large US cities from 1976 to 2005, including a detailed acco…
Revisiting Racial/Ethnic Composition Effects in a Multicultural Society
In this article, the relationship between racial/ethnic composition and violence is revisited. This includes efforts to conduct a deeper exploration of the ethnic composition effects of discrete Latino-origin populations. This is an important extension for a number of reasons. First, recent research has demonstrated the dangers of pan-ethnic classifications in the study of race, ethnicity, and crime. Different histories of migration, settlement, …
Immigration and Crime in the United States
The Changing Urban Landscape
Objectives. We investigated how racial/ethnic shifts in the urban landscape influence race-specific violence by considering changes in the size of the Hispanic population, racial/ethnic contact, and racial segregation patterns. Methods. We used a time-series approach incorporating 4 decennial periods (1980, 1990, 2000, and 2010) to determine whether racial/ethnic demographic changes in 144 US cities influenced White and Black homicide rates. Sour…
Temporal changes in racial violence, 1980 to 2006
Probing Change in Racial Self-identification
Recent studies have shown that racial identification varies across context and time. Although sociologists recognize many contextual factors associated with racial group membership, relatively little attention has been given to understanding the specific factors-such as self-perceptions, socioeconomic incentives, and family pressures-that relate to changes in racial self-identification, especially among children of immigrants individuals who may …
Teen Involvement in Sports and Risky Behaviour
A growing body of evidence suggests a link between youth participation in sport and delinquency including violence and problematic alcohol use. No studies have yet conducted a large-scale cross-national study of this relationship. Furthermore, few studies have probed whether there are threshold effects or turning points in the level of sports participation for delinquency. Specifically, by considering differences by gender, type of delinquency an…
American crime drops
Women's Engagement with Humanist, Spiritual and Religious Meaning-Making in Prison
This study explores the long-term impact on recidivism of the engagement of over 300 women prisoners with humanist, spiritual and religious ways of making meaning during their incarceration. Prison chaplains and community volunteers in the Oregon Department of Corrections offered a diverse range of humanist, spiritual and religious (HSR) events to the women, and 95% of them voluntarily engaged at varied levels with an average participation rate o…
Threat Perceptions of Migrants in Britain and Support for Policy
Arguments that migrants represent a threat to the Britain are often cast in terms of impact on the economy and a criminal threat to Britain's streets. We examine the impact of these attitudes on support for policies curtailing the rights of European Union (EU) and non-EU migrants in the United Kingdom separately, as well as their implications for support for punitive criminal sanctions. Using data on a nationally representative sample of Britons,…
Family Matters
OBJECTIVES: Informed by social control and differential coercion and social support theories, we examine how multiple theoretically and methodologically distinct factors of family support relate to reincarceration, substance use, and criminal offending during prison reentry. METHOD: Using four waves of data from the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative, we identified three separate factors of family support-interactional (e.g., providi…
Consequences of mental and physical health for reentry and recidivism
During the last few decades, criminologists have identified several adult roles and statuses, including employment, positive family relations, and economic stability, as critical for promoting successful reintegration and desistance. Very few researchers, however, have investigated the conditions that serve to bring about these transitions and successes crucial for behavior change. As a complement to a burgeoning amount of literature on the impac…
Neighborhood health, social structure and family violence
Examining Change in Family Conflict and Family Violence After Release From Prison
This study examines changes in family conflict and violence among a sample of adult men after release from prison. Using longitudinal panel data on 1,282 men in the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative, cross-lagged dynamic fixed-effects panel data models are used to examine factors that relate to family conflict and family violence perpetrated by men after release from prison. Increased contact with family members during incarceration…
Community gun violence and functional disability
Persistence and Potential Lethality in Intimate Partner Violence
This study seeks to determine the concurrent and predictive validity of a dual risk assessment protocol. It combines the risk of persistence in intimate partner violence (IPV) measured via the Domestic Violence Screening Instrument-Revised (DVSI-R) with supplemental items from the Danger Risk Assessment (DRA) bearing on the risk of potential lethality. We further test whether this assessment protocol reproduces disparities by race and ethnicity f…
Police use of firearms
The Dynamics of Race, Place, and Homicide Context in the Relationship between Firearm Dealers and Gun Violence
This study examines the relationship between the concentration of legal firearm dealers and firearm homicide in 27 states. Using data collected from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF) and the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS), multilevel negative binomial models are used to estimate homicides perpetrated with a firearm. We assess separate models for White and Black victims across three homicide types. The…
Eviction and Crime
In this study, we use generalized estimating equation (GEE) models to analyze how rates of eviction correspond to homicide, robbery, and burglary rates across all residential neighborhoods in Philadelphia from 2006 through 2016. We assess the moderating role of neighborhood poverty accounting for residential mobility, economic disadvantage, and community composition. We find that eviction is associated with all three types of crime in fully contr…
Criminology (26 works) · Psychology (26 works) · Sociology (24 works) · Poison control (23 works) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (22 works) · Medicine (22 works) · Political science (19 works) · Environmental health (16 works) · Injury prevention (16 works) · Suicide prevention (15 works)