Benjamin R Levy
Biographic Data
| ID | 1379178 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Benjamin R Levy |
| GIVEN NAMES | Benjamin R |
| FAMILY NAME | Levy |
| SIGNATURE | LEVY B R |
| AFFILIATIONS | Yale University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1611-7460 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 48 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 725 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 48 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1994 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 10 |
From Pixel to Grain
The Hybrid Musical Landscape of Ligeti's Late Concertos
Discussing his Horn Trio, György Ligeti imaginatively describes the second movement as a dance that was “inspired by different folk musics of nonexistent people, as if Hungary, Romania, and all of the Balkans were located somewhere between Africa and the Caribbean.” And in more general remarks about his works, he goes on to suggest that, rather than overtly referencing their stylistic features, he abstracted technical principles from various trad…
Societal impact on older persons' chronic pain
Implicit and explicit dehumanization of older family members
Elder abuse affects one in six older persons globally. Three limitations impede progress in prevention: most research is victim- rather than perpetrator-based; the reliance on explicit, self-reported factors; and failure to account for psychological factors, such as dehumanization, that motivate abuse. The current study addressed these gaps by examining whether implicit and explicit dehumanization of t could explain elder abuse proclivity. In a w…
Material Connections
The architect Bruce Goff (1904–82) is often associated with Frank Lloyd Wright and Organic Architecture, but his concept of organicism was equally influenced by his interest in modern music, and in particular the work of Claude Debussy. Goff maintained correspondence with musicians throughout his life—including with composers Edgard Varèse and Harry Partch—and in the 1920s and 1930s, he actively composed works for piano and player piano. In Tulsa…
Archival Research in Music
Archival research in music has undergone dramatic transformations in recent years. Far from a rigid and antiqued discipline, exclusively immersed in dusty manuscripts of canonic composers, aiming to reveal their authorial intent or craft a definitive edition of their works, recent archival scholarship has substantially broadened in its materials, methods, and in the kinds of scholarly arguments these new resources make possible. (1) The present c…
Impact of Media-Based Negative and Positive Age Stereotypes on Older Individuals’ Mental Health
Objectives During the COVID-19 pandemic, stigmatization of older persons increased in traditional and social media. It was unknown whether this negative messaging could be detrimental to the mental health of older individuals, and whether the relatively uncommon positive messaging about older individuals could benefit their mental health. Method To address these gaps, we designed age-stereotype interventions based on actual news stories that appe…
Ageism Amplifies Cost and Prevalence of Health Conditions
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The persistent status of ageism as one of the least acknowledged forms of prejudice may be due in part to an absence of quantifying its costs in economic terms. In this study, we calculated the costs of ageism on health conditions for all persons aged 60 years or older in the United States during 1 year. RESEARCH DESIGN AND MATERIALS: The ageism predictors were discrimination aimed at older persons, negative age stereot…
Global reach of ageism on older persons’ health
Self-Acceptance and Interdependence Promote Longevity
We explored psychosocial pathways to longevity, specifically, the association between psychological well-being and mortality in a 20-year prospective cohort study of 7626 participants. As hypothesized, high self-acceptance and interdependence were associated with decreased mortality risk, controlling for other psychological components (purpose, positive relations, growth, mastery) and potential confounders: personality, depression, self-rated hea…
When Culture Influences Genes
This study provides the first known evidence that self-perceptions can influence the impact of a gene on cognition. The results underscore the importance of combined psychosocial and biological approaches to understanding cognitive function in older adults
Aging in Times of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Active coping shields against negative aging self-stereotypes contributing to psychiatric conditions
The impact of both spousal caregivers' and care recipients' health on relationship satisfaction in the Caregiver Health Effects Study
This study examined, with a sample of older adult, caregiving couples, whether each spouse's health was associated with their own and their partner's relationship satisfaction. Dyads ( n = 233; age = 64-99 years) in the Caregiver Health Effects Study, ancillary to the Cardiovascular Health Study, reported relationship satisfaction, depressive symptoms, disability, and self-reported health. The cross-sectional Actor-Partner Interdependence Model s…
Positive Aging Views in the General Population Predict Better Long-Term Cognition for Elders in Eight Countries
Objective: Much of the literature on aging cognitive health has focused on individual determinants, rather than societal ones; in contrast, this study examined whether country-level age status predicts cognitive performance of older individuals over time. Method: Eight countries were examined using a novel combination of country-level age status data from the European Social Survey and individual-level data from the Survey on Health, Ageing, and …
Survival Advantage Mechanism
It was found that lower CRP partially mediates the relationship between positive SPA and longer survival. Hence, this study presents a novel pathway to explain the process by which positive SPA extend longevity
Retirement as Meaningful
Studies examining the association between retirement and health have produced mixed results. This may be due to previous studies treating retirement as merely a change in job status rather than a transition associated with stereotypes or societal beliefs (e.g., retirement is a time of mental decline or retirement is a time of growth). To examine whether these stereotypes are associated with health, we studied retirement stereotypes and survival o…
A chapter a day
Sense Without Syntax
In his 1956 essay, ‘Words into Music: The Composer's Approach to Text,’ Edward Cone proposed that a musical setting of a poem directed the possible meanings of the text toward a more specific interpretation. Since then, however, revolutionary movements in poetry and music challenge this paradigm, especially in artistic endeavors that embrace types of indeterminacy in their inner workings. This essay examines the collaboration of Thomas DeLio and …
Reactivity to a Spouse’s Interpersonal Suffering in Late Life Marriage
Spouses' interpersonal suffering may negatively affect both men and women's cardiovascular health, and older husbands may be particularly affected
To Love is to Suffer
Marital satisfaction can increase daily emotional contagion to spousal suffering among older couples dealing with chronic conditions. Wives' distress may be more dependent on perceiving high levels of partner suffering compared with husbands' distress
Resiliency Over Time of Elders’ Age Stereotypes After Encountering Stressful Events
The robustness of negative age stereotypes was expressed in their capacity to resist change as well as generate it
Lower prevalence of psychiatric conditions when negative age stereotypes are resisted
Vertical Thoughts
While Morton Feldman acknowledged his Jewish faith as an important part of his identity, his religion has received relatively little attention as a source of his artistic sensibilities. The influence of Judaism can be seen clearly in many of Feldman's works from 1963, including the series Vertical Thoughts and Rabbi Akiba. Sketches held at the Paul Sacher Foundation connect these pieces through the use of a common text originating in the Talmud. …
Increased longevity from viewing retirement positively
Studies of the relationship between retirement and subsequent health, including longevity, have produced mixed findings. One reason may be that these studies have not taken attitudes toward retirement into account. In the current study we examined whether attitudes toward retirement can impact longevity. The cohort consisted of 394 participants who were followed for 23 years. As predicted, participants with positive attitudes toward retirement at…
Stereotype Embodiment
Researchers have increasingly turned their attention from younger individuals who hold age stereotypes to older individuals who are targeted by these stereotypes. The refocused research has shown that positive and negative age stereotypes held by older individuals can have beneficial and detrimental effects, respectively, on a variety of cognitive and physical outcomes. Drawing on these experimental and longitudinal studies, a theory of stereotyp…
Aging in Times of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Mind Matters
In the first part of this article, a wide range of research is drawn upon to describe the process by which aging stereotypes are internalized in younger individuals and then become self-stereotypes when individuals reach old age. The second part consists of a review of the author's cross-cultural, experimental, and longitudinal research that examines the cognitive and physical effects of aging self-stereotypes. The final section presents suggesti…
Longitudinal Benefit of Positive Self-Perceptions of Aging on Functional Health
We examined whether those with more positive self-perceptions of aging (older individuals' beliefs about their own aging) report better functional health over an 18-year period than do those with more negative self-perceptions of aging. We found that those with more positive self-perceptions of aging in 1975 reported better functional health from 1977 to 1995, when we controlled for baseline measures of functional health, self-rated health, age, …
Longevity increased by positive self-perceptions of aging
Improving memory in old age through implicit self-stereotyping
Aging free from negative stereotypes
When Parents Matter to Their Adult Children
A neglected topic in aging depression research is the potential role of the parent-adult child relationship. In this study we examined whether adult children's reports of having relied upon parents for instrumental and expressive support are associated with parents' depressive symptoms. The sample included 304 parents (aged 50-72 years), matched to a randomly selected adult offspring, from the University of Southern California Longitudinal Study …
A chapter a day
Retirement as Meaningful
Studies examining the association between retirement and health have produced mixed results. This may be due to previous studies treating retirement as merely a change in job status rather than a transition associated with stereotypes or societal beliefs (e.g., retirement is a time of mental decline or retirement is a time of growth). To examine whether these stereotypes are associated with health, we studied retirement stereotypes and survival o…
Hearing Decline Predicted by Elders' Stereotypes
Although age-related hearing loss is one of the most prevalent conditions affecting older individuals, little research has been conducted on the social-psychological factors that might contribute to it. The present study examines whether older individuals' age stereotypes predict screened hearing over time. The sample consisted of 546 community-dwelling persons, aged 70 to 96 years old. Participants with more negative and more external (i.e., rel…
The impact of both spousal caregivers' and care recipients' health on relationship satisfaction in the Caregiver Health Effects Study
This study examined, with a sample of older adult, caregiving couples, whether each spouse's health was associated with their own and their partner's relationship satisfaction. Dyads ( n = 233; age = 64-99 years) in the Caregiver Health Effects Study, ancillary to the Cardiovascular Health Study, reported relationship satisfaction, depressive symptoms, disability, and self-reported health. The cross-sectional Actor-Partner Interdependence Model s…
Lower prevalence of psychiatric conditions when negative age stereotypes are resisted
Survival Advantage Mechanism
It was found that lower CRP partially mediates the relationship between positive SPA and longer survival. Hence, this study presents a novel pathway to explain the process by which positive SPA extend longevity
Resiliency Over Time of Elders’ Age Stereotypes After Encountering Stressful Events
The robustness of negative age stereotypes was expressed in their capacity to resist change as well as generate it
The role of religion and ethnicity in the help seeking of family caregivers of elders with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders
Re‐Vision of Older Television Characters
This study examines whether greater television exposure predicts older individuals' more negative images of aging, and whether an intervention based on maintaining a television diary of viewing impressions will increase their awareness of the stereotypical and infrequent manner in which elders are presented. Seventy‐six individuals, aged 60 to 92, participated. As expected, all participants showed a correspondence between greater television expos…
Impact of Media-Based Negative and Positive Age Stereotypes on Older Individuals’ Mental Health
Objectives During the COVID-19 pandemic, stigmatization of older persons increased in traditional and social media. It was unknown whether this negative messaging could be detrimental to the mental health of older individuals, and whether the relatively uncommon positive messaging about older individuals could benefit their mental health. Method To address these gaps, we designed age-stereotype interventions based on actual news stories that appe…
Residual stigma
Age Attributions and Aging Health
Older Americans often attribute health problems to old age, rather than to extenuating circumstances. Previous studies of Americans found that age attributions predict adverse health outcomes. We examined whether culture influences both the tendency to make age attributions and their effect on aging health. We found that (a) Japanese were significantly more likely to make age attributions than Americans; (b) age attributions were significantly as…
Active coping shields against negative aging self-stereotypes contributing to psychiatric conditions
To Love is to Suffer
Marital satisfaction can increase daily emotional contagion to spousal suffering among older couples dealing with chronic conditions. Wives' distress may be more dependent on perceiving high levels of partner suffering compared with husbands' distress
Increased longevity from viewing retirement positively
Studies of the relationship between retirement and subsequent health, including longevity, have produced mixed findings. One reason may be that these studies have not taken attitudes toward retirement into account. In the current study we examined whether attitudes toward retirement can impact longevity. The cohort consisted of 394 participants who were followed for 23 years. As predicted, participants with positive attitudes toward retirement at…
Influence of Valentine's Day and Halloween on Birth Timing
Societal impact on older persons' chronic pain
Aging free from negative stereotypes
Improving memory in old age through implicit self-stereotyping
The role of religion and ethnicity in the help seeking of family caregivers of elders with Alzheimer's disease and related disorders
To be or Not to be
This study examined whether stereotypes of aging might contribute to decisions the elderly make about when to die. Old and young participants (N=64) were subliminally primed with either negative or positive stereotypes of old age and then responded to hypothetical medical situations involving potentially fatal illnesses. Consistent with our prediction, the aged participants primed with negative stereotypes tended to refuse life-prolonging interve…
Eradication of Ageism Requires Addressing the Enemy Within
Decision Editor: Laurence G. Branch, PhD Dr. Palmore 2001 Ageism Survey is a much-needed contribution toward creating awareness about a form of prejudice and discrimination that has been largely ignored by our society. However, the survey omits measuring two components of ageism that have emerged from a series of recent findings. These studies have found that ageism can operate (a) implicitly, or without awareness, and (b) in the form of aging se…
Implicit Ageism
Longitudinal Benefit of Positive Self-Perceptions of Aging on Functional Health
We examined whether those with more positive self-perceptions of aging (older individuals' beliefs about their own aging) report better functional health over an 18-year period than do those with more negative self-perceptions of aging. We found that those with more positive self-perceptions of aging in 1975 reported better functional health from 1977 to 1995, when we controlled for baseline measures of functional health, self-rated health, age, …
Longevity increased by positive self-perceptions of aging
Mind Matters
In the first part of this article, a wide range of research is drawn upon to describe the process by which aging stereotypes are internalized in younger individuals and then become self-stereotypes when individuals reach old age. The second part consists of a review of the author's cross-cultural, experimental, and longitudinal research that examines the cognitive and physical effects of aging self-stereotypes. The final section presents suggesti…
Conscious Versus Unconscious Levels of Aging Self-Stereotypes
Preventive health behaviors influenced by self-perceptions of aging
Re‐Vision of Older Television Characters
This study examines whether greater television exposure predicts older individuals' more negative images of aging, and whether an intervention based on maintaining a television diary of viewing impressions will increase their awareness of the stereotypical and infrequent manner in which elders are presented. Seventy‐six individuals, aged 60 to 92, participated. As expected, all participants showed a correspondence between greater television expos…
Hearing Decline Predicted by Elders' Stereotypes
Although age-related hearing loss is one of the most prevalent conditions affecting older individuals, little research has been conducted on the social-psychological factors that might contribute to it. The present study examines whether older individuals' age stereotypes predict screened hearing over time. The sample consisted of 546 community-dwelling persons, aged 70 to 96 years old. Participants with more negative and more external (i.e., rel…
Rigidity as a Predictor of Older Persons' Aging Stereotypes and Aging Self-Perceptions
Rigidity has been previously associated with the propensity of dominant group members to target stigmatized groups with negative stereotypes. It was considered in this study whether or not rigidity predicts that members of a stigmatized group, the elderly will target their own group with negative aging stereotypes; and, if so, whether these stereotypes predict aging self-perceptions, or thinking about themselves growing old. As expected (1) older…
When Parents Matter to Their Adult Children
A neglected topic in aging depression research is the potential role of the parent-adult child relationship. In this study we examined whether adult children's reports of having relied upon parents for instrumental and expressive support are associated with parents' depressive symptoms. The sample included 304 parents (aged 50-72 years), matched to a randomly selected adult offspring, from the University of Southern California Longitudinal Study …
Age Stereotypes Held Earlier in Life Predict Cardiovascular Events in Later Life
When older individuals apply negative age stereotypes to themselves, they can adversely influence a wide range of outcomes (Levy, Slade, Kunkel, & Kasl, 2002). These outcomes include a greater cardiovascular response to stress and worse health behaviors, such as higher tobacco use (Levy, Hausdorff, Hencke, & Wei, 2000; Levy & Myers, 2004), both of which have been linked to the risk of cardiovascular events (Jiang et al., 1996).
The stereotype-matching effect
Older individuals assimilate, and are targeted by, contradictory positive and negative age stereotypes. It was unknown whether the influence of stereotype valence is stronger when the stereotype content corresponds to the outcome domain. We randomly assigned older individuals to either positive-cognitive, negative-cognitive, positive-physical, or negative-physical subliminal-age-stereotype groups and assessed cognitive and physical outcomes. As p…
Causal Thinking After a Tsunami Wave
Age Attributions and Aging Health
Older Americans often attribute health problems to old age, rather than to extenuating circumstances. Previous studies of Americans found that age attributions predict adverse health outcomes. We examined whether culture influences both the tendency to make age attributions and their effect on aging health. We found that (a) Japanese were significantly more likely to make age attributions than Americans; (b) age attributions were significantly as…
Stereotype Embodiment
Researchers have increasingly turned their attention from younger individuals who hold age stereotypes to older individuals who are targeted by these stereotypes. The refocused research has shown that positive and negative age stereotypes held by older individuals can have beneficial and detrimental effects, respectively, on a variety of cognitive and physical outcomes. Drawing on these experimental and longitudinal studies, a theory of stereotyp…
Influence of Valentine's Day and Halloween on Birth Timing
Increased longevity from viewing retirement positively
Studies of the relationship between retirement and subsequent health, including longevity, have produced mixed findings. One reason may be that these studies have not taken attitudes toward retirement into account. In the current study we examined whether attitudes toward retirement can impact longevity. The cohort consisted of 394 participants who were followed for 23 years. As predicted, participants with positive attitudes toward retirement at…
Health Advantages of Ethnic Density for African American and Mexican American Elderly Individuals
Research suggests that greater ethnic density correlates with worse health among African Americans but better health among Hispanic Americans. These conflicting patterns may arise from Hispanic American samples being older than African American samples. We found that among 2367 Mexican American and 2790 African American participants older than 65 years, ethnic density predicted lower rates of cardiovascular disease and cancer, adjusting for covar…
Residual stigma
Vertical Thoughts
While Morton Feldman acknowledged his Jewish faith as an important part of his identity, his religion has received relatively little attention as a source of his artistic sensibilities. The influence of Judaism can be seen clearly in many of Feldman's works from 1963, including the series Vertical Thoughts and Rabbi Akiba. Sketches held at the Paul Sacher Foundation connect these pieces through the use of a common text originating in the Talmud. …
Psychology (39 works) · Aging and Gerontology Research (31 works) · Medicine (30 works) · Gerontology (17 works) · Social Psychology (16 works) · Developmental psychology (15 works) · Social Psychology (14 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (13 works) · Psychiatry (13 works) · Sociology (11 works)