N Krause
Biographic Data
| ID | 14503 |
|---|---|
| NAME | N Krause |
| GIVEN NAMES | N |
| FAMILY NAME | Krause |
| SIGNATURE | KRAUSE N |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Michigan |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9979-2997 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 237 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1731 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 237 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1978 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 24 |
“To err is human, to forgive, divine”
A significant amount of research to date has been done to study the effects of forgiveness on mental health and well-being, but less research has been conducted on divine forgiveness. The main purpose of the current study is to examine the possible moderating role of divine forgiveness. Drawing on a nationally representative sample of 1,500 older adults, regression results suggest that greater divine forgiveness exacerbated the relationship betwe…
Religious and spiritual identities
This study has three objectives. First, to assess change in four religious/spiritual identities: religious only, spiritual only, both religious and spiritual, and neither religious nor spiritual. Second, to evaluate whether respondents believe the identities they assumed are salient. Third, to estimate whether the probability of identity change is associated with age. The findings indicate that roughly a quarter of the sample changed their religi…
Religious hope, but not a general sense of hope, is associated with change in chronic conditions over time
Feeling grateful to God and change in chronic health problems
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between feeling grateful to God and change in chronic health problems. Three sets of findings are provided. First, the data suggest that feeling grateful to God is associated with more chronic health conditions among younger adults while older adults who are grateful to God report fewer chronic conditions. Second, the results reveal that feeling grateful to God is associated with more spir…
Transcendental awe of God and dimensions of well-being
Scholars have long speculated that experiencing awe-an emotional state where people believe they are in the presence of something grand-might be beneficial for well-being. We explore a manifestation of awe that is unique to religion-awe of God. Drawing on a national sample from the United States, being in awe of God was associated with lower depression, higher life satisfaction, and better self-rated health, associations partially mediated by the…
Belief in Faith Healing and HbA1c
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between belief in divine healing and HbA1c (a biomarker of blood glucose control). Three major findings emerged from our analysis of data from a nationwide survey. First, a set of descriptive analyses suggest that faith healing beliefs are not the sole province of Conservative Christians. Instead, belief in divine healing is more widely spread in the general population. Second, our analyses…
Exploring religious/spiritual pathways between practical wisdom and depression
The last several decades have witnessed the topic of wisdom gaining momentum in the field of positive psychology. In this study, we focus on the potentially important role of religion/spirituality, specifically beliefs about God, as a mediating mechanism underlying the relationship between practical wisdom and depression among older adults. Drawing on a nationally representative sample of older adults from the 2013 wave of the Religion, Aging, an…
Trust the lord with all your heart
Trust is a primary component of faith and may be helpful for initiating, maintaining, and even repairing a relationship with God. In this study, we take up the task of expanding the empirical basis of trust in God and its relationship to well-being. Using a nationally representative sample of middle-aged and older adults from the United States, we examined whether trust in God is associated with well-being, and if this association may be conditio…
Participation in combat, god-mediated control beliefs, and alcohol consumption
The purpose of this study is to see if God-mediated control beliefs moderate the relationship between participation in combat and alcohol intake. God-mediated control refers to the belief that people can work together with God to deal with the problems that confront them and the plans they make. The data are from a nationwide probability sample of adults age 18 and older (N = 2,752). The findings suggest that the magnitude of the relationship bet…
A Change for the Worse
The association between negative social exchanges and accelerated deterioration in self-rated health provides general support for hypotheses that interpersonal stressors play an important role age-related physical health decline
Humble with God? How Education and Race Shape the Association between God-Mediated Control and Humility in Later Life
Background In contrast to the vibrant interdisciplinary literature on other virtues, such as forgiveness and gratitude, the study of humility has developed more slowly. Over the 2 decades, there has been a proliferation of research on humility. In this study, we assess the interrelationship between a core feature of religious life, God-mediated control, and humility. Purpose We assess the interrelationship between God-mediated control (the belief…
Religion and Spirituality among American Indian, South Asian, Black, Hispanic/Latina, and White Women in the Study on Stress, Spirituality, and Health
Social scientists have increasingly recognized the lack of diversity in survey research on American religion, resulting in a dearth of data on religion and spirituality (R/S) in understudied racial and ethnic groups. At the same time, epidemiological studies have increasingly diversified their racial and ethnic representation, but have collected few R/S measures to date. With a particular focus on American Indian and South Asian women (in additio…
Religion, Families, and Health
Religion is a major social institution in the United States. While the scientific community has experienced a resurgence in the idea that there are important linkages between religion and family life and religion and health outcomes, this area of study is still in its early stages of development, scattered across multiple disciplines, and of uneven quality. To date, no book has featured both reviews of the literature and new empirical findings th…
Religious and spiritual struggles as a mediator of the link between stressful life events and psychological adjustment in a nationwide sample
Do religious and spiritual identity confer risk for hypertension via psychosocial and lifestyle factors
The total and indirect effect of hostility on systolic and diastolic blood pressure was compared as a function of religious and spirituality identity in a nationally representative sample of 2971 adults aged 46.44 years. Structural equation modeling uncovered an indirect path from hostility to diastolic blood pressure via unhealthy behaviors and hostility to unhealthy behaviors via social isolation. Compared to a non-religious/non-spiritual refer…
Attributing Problem-Solving to God, Receiving Social Support, and Stress-Moderation
This research note explores the stress-moderating effects of attributing a problem-solving role to God among a nationwide sample of 2,260 Americans. Specifically, the ways in which the perception of 'God-as-a-problem-solver' moderates stress is explored for Americans reporting low and high levels of social support from other people. Within a model that interacts two moderators (i.e., a moderated moderation analysis), two predictions are tested th…
Stressful events and religious/spiritual struggle
Religion and Health Among Hispanics
Exploring religious and/or spiritual identities
There is considerable debate about the distinction between being religious and being spiritual. It is time to move beyond this issue to an examination of the health-related implications of being religious and/or spiritual. Three health outcomes are used in this study: self-rated health, depressive symptoms, and alcohol use. The data are from a large nationwide random probability survey of adults of all ages who reside in the United States (N = 2,…
Religious involvement, God images, and life satisfaction
This study addresses two issues. The first is to identify the aspects of religious life that are associated with benevolent images of God including denominational affiliation (Conservative Christians versus others), church attendance, and church-based social support (i.e., spiritual support). Data from a nationwide survey suggests that church-based support appears to be the most consequential. The second issue involves embedding these constructs …
Exploring religious and/or spiritual identities
Previous analysis of the data that are used in this study reveal that compared to people who self-identify as religious and spiritual, spiritual only, and neither religious nor spiritual, study participants who are religious only are more likely to experience physical and mental health problems. The purpose of this study is to conduct a descriptive analyses that is designed to see why this may be so. Differences between the religious only and mem…
Evaluating the relationships among religion, social virtues, and meaning in life
There is growing evidence that a sense of meaning in life may emerge, in part, from the social relationships that people maintain. But it is not clear how the relationship between social ties and a sense of meaning might arise. The purpose of this study is to see if meaning in life is associated with three socially focused virtues: compassion, forgiveness of others, and providing social support to others. In the process, an effort is made to see …
Positive emotional well-being, health Behaviors, and inflammation measured by C-Reactive protein
Reading the Bible, Stressful Life Events, and Hope
The Relationship Between Religious and Psychospiritual Measures and an Inflammation Marker (CRP) in Older Adults Experiencing Life Event Stress
Church-Based Social Support and Health in Old Age
The findings contribute to research on religion and health by specifying how the salubrious effects of religion may arise
Tracking Changes in Social Relations Throughout Late Life
These findings highlight the dynamic nature of social relationships in late life. In addition, the findings both provide evidence of older adults managing their social ties to meet the challenges of aging and suggest the importance of the interplay between giving and receiving support
Church-Based Social Support and Religious Coping
The purpose of this study is twofold: to explore the nature of church-based social support, and to see whether support received in religious settings is related to the use of religious coping methods. The data come from a nationwide survey of members of the Presbyterian Church USA. Three dimensions of religious support are examined in detail: emotional support from church members, spiritual support from church members, and emotional support from …
Exploring the Stress-Buffering Effects of Church-Based and Secular Social Support on Self-Rated Health in Late Life
The findings from this study suggest that there may be something relatively unique about support that is provided by fellow church members
Religious Meaning and Subjective Well-Being in Late Life
Researchers have argued for some time that religion may be an important source of resilience for older Black adults, but it is not clear how these beneficial effects arise. The data from this study suggest that religious meaning may be an important factor
Research
The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between church-based social support and satisfaction with health. In the process, an effort was made to see why these constructs may be related. Feelings of belonging in a congregation figured prominently in this respect. Findings from a nationwide survey reveal that people who receive emotional support from their fellow church members tended to feel they belonged in their congregation, and…
Negative Interaction in Late Life
This study used an inductive approach to probe more deeply into the nature of negative interaction in late life. The data come from a nationwide longitudinal survey of older adults (N = 515). We began with two empirical observations and derived theoretical propositions from them that have not been explored extensively in mainstream gerontological research on negative interaction. First, the findings reveal that unpleasant interaction is quite sta…
A Comprehensive Strategy for Developing Closed-Ended Survey Items for Use in Studies of Older Adults
The item development strategy may serve as a template that can be used to improve the quality of closed-ended survey items that assess a wide range of topics in social gerontology
Gratitude Toward God, Stress, and Health in Late Life
The purpose of this studywas to see if feeling grateful to God reduces the deleterious effects of stress on health in late life. In addition, an effort was made to test for gender differences in this process. Three main findings emerged from the analysis of data provided by a nationwide sample of older adults. First, the data suggest that olderwomen are more likely to feel grateful to God than older men. Second, the results revealed that the effe…
Exploring Race Differences in a Comprehensive Battery of Church-Based Social Support Measures
Common Facets of Religion, Unique Facets of Religion, and Life Satisfaction Among Older African Americans
Most studies on race differences in religion focus solely on common religious factors that may enhance the subjective well-being of older Whites as well as older Blacks. The findings from this study are important because they call attention to the insight that can be obtained by also taking the unique facets of religion for older Black people into consideration
Church-Based Emotional Support, Negative Interaction, and Psychological Well-Being
The purpose of this study is examine the relationships between church-based emotional support, negative interaction, and psychological well-being among clergy, elders, and rank-and-file members of the Presbyterian Church USA. Based on identity theory, it is proposed that clergy will receive more emotional support and encounter more negative interaction than others in the church. It is further hypothesized that the impact of emotional support and …
Religiosity and Self-Esteem among Older Adults
The relationship between religiosity and self-esteem in later life was examined in this study. Previous research in this area provides conflicting findings. Some studies indicate that greater religious involvement tends to bolster feelings of self-worth, whereas others suggest that more religious involvement is associated with less positive self-evaluations. A new perspective is tested in the present study which predicts that there may be a nonli…
Stress and well-being
Religious Doubt and Health
The purpose of this study is to test wo hypotheses about therelationship between reli~ous doubt and health. The first hypothesis specifies that people wh have more doubts about their faith wiU be less satisfied with their health, and experience more symptoms of depression than individuals who have fewer doubts about their r ligious beliefs. The second hypothesis states that the potentiaUy deleterious effects of reli~ous doubt will be greater for …
Negative Interaction and Satisfaction with Social Support among Older Adults
The purpose of this study was to test a conceptual model that contrasts two competing explanations of how feelings of satisfaction with social support emerge in later life. The first suggests that satisfaction with support is determined primarily by the amount of assistance provided by significant others, while the second view proposes that negative interaction may play a larger role in this process. Two main findings were obtained from this rece…
Exploring Race Differences in a Multidimensional Battery of Prayer Measures among Older Adults
The purpose of this study was to test for race differences in 17 different measures of prayer. These indicators assess five dimensions of prayer: The social context of prayer, the substantive content of prayer, the length of prayer, interpersonal aspects of prayer, and beliefs about how prayer operates. Pervasive race differences emerged in the data. More specifically, data provided by a nationwide sample of older whites and older African America…
Socioeconomic Gradient in Old Age Mortality in Wuhan, China
SES differentials in old age mortality may be extended to a developing nation such as China. The observed gender by SES interaction effect on old age mortality has important implications for intervention. In particular. improving education among women in underdeveloped areas must remain a high priority, for policy makers in efforts to extend the life expectancy of women
Size, Conflict, and Opportunities for Interaction
A growing literature examines the role of religious communities as sources of social support for members, and a smaller body of work also explores negative aspects of social relations within congregations. However, very little is known about the characteristics of religious groups that promote or impede the development of supportive networks. We use data from a unique source-the National Congregations Study, linked with individual records from th…
Anticipated Support, Received Support, and Economic Stress among Older Adults
This study examined the interface between anticipated support, received support, recent economic stressors, and depressive symptoms in later life. A theoretical perspective was developed suggesting that received support exacerbates the effects of financial stress on depressive symptoms. However, this conceptual framework further specified that the noxious effects of economic stress are buffered or offset by anticipated support. Data from a nation…
Stressors Arising in Highly Valued Roles, Meaning in Life, and the Physical Health Status of Older Adults
Researchers have devised a number of interventions to improve the health of older people by enhancing the functioning of their social networks. These interventions have met with mixed success. The findings from the current study suggest that focusing on meaning in life may help researchers devise more effective interventions
Forgiveness by God, Forgiveness of Others, and Psychological Well-Being in Late Life
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships among forgiveness by God, forgiveness of others, and psychological well-being with data provided by a nationwide survey of older adults. Three main findings emerge from the analyses. First, the data suggest that forgiving others tends to enhance psychological well-being, and these salubrious effects are greater than those associated with forgiveness by God. Second, the findings indicate th…
Transitions in Living Arrangements Among Elders in Japan
Poor health does trigger changes in living arrangement. Both physical (i.e., chronic conditions and functional status) and mental (i.e., depressed affect) health conditions play a role in such transitions. Because health conditions are correlated with competing risks of mortality, attrition, and proxy interview, health effects on changes in living arrangement are likely underestimated
The Doubting Process
Religious doubt arises from a process in which there is a precipitant, the experience of doubt, a coping response, and a health-related outcome. We assess whether social factors precipitate doubt and the coping responses that are invoked to deal with doubt. We evaluate whether these coping responses are, in turn, associated with health. Over time, people who encounter more negative interaction with fellow congregants have more doubts about religi…
Exploring Race Variations in Aging and Personal Control
These results show that lower levels of control are associated with older age in both Blacks and Whites, and that racial disparities in feelings of control persist across all age groups. This suggests that Blacks may be at a particular disadvantage in the face of the increasing challenges of aging
The effects of response bias in the survey assessment of the mental health of puerto rican migrants
Social Status, Psychiatric Symptomatology, and Response Bias
We study static repair priorities in a system consisting of one repair shop and one stockpoint, where spare parts of multiple, critical repairables are kept on stock to serve an installed base of technical systems. Demands for ready-for-use parts occur according to Poisson processes, and are accompanied by returns of failed parts. The demands are met from stock if possible, and otherwise they are backordered and fulfilled as soon as a ready-for-u…
Married Women and Depressive Symptoms
Although research has shown that conflicting expectations exist in the marital role for women, little is known about the impact of this conflict on female psychological well-being. This study empirically investigates the relationship between conflicting husband and wife sex role expectations for the female role and depressive symptoms in married women. Based on a community sample of 273 married women, it was found that women who indicate that a c…
Conflicting sex-role expectations, housework dissatisfaction, and depressive symptoms among full-time housewives
The Racial Context of Black Self-Esteem
Stress and well-being
Depressive symptoms among women employed outside the home
Researchers who attempt to explain why paid employment is a source of psychological distress for some women must consider how a number of factors in the work and nonoccupational environments influence a woman's reaction to employment outside the home. We examined four aspects of the job that may be a source of distress for working women: job dissatisfaction, pay dissatisfaction, commitment to the work role, and full versus part-time employment. O…
Employment and Psychological Well-Being in Mexican American Women
Bien que les effets d'un emploi remunere sur le bien etre psychologique des femmes ait ete le sujet d'un interet considerable, peu d'etudes ont ete realisees sur les femmes mexicano-americaines. Travailler a l'exterieur parait etre benefique pour les femmes separees ou divorcees. Quatre facteurs non professionnels susceptibles de mediatiser les effets du travail sur la detresse acquise, ont ete examines: orientation quant au role sexuel, aide a l…
Positive Life Events and Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults
The goal of this study was to examine whether positive life changes can help restore a sense of psychological well-being among older adults who are already suffering from psychological distress. Data from a longitudinal survey of elderly people confirmed this hypothesis and suggested that events associated with the expansion of family roles tended to reduce depressive symptoms through time. The analyses further revealed that family expansion even…
Stress and Religious Involvement Among Older Blacks
We conducted this study in a nationwide sample of older Black Americans to determine whether religious involvement helps to reduce the negative impact of stressful life events. The major outcome measures were self-esteem and feelings of personal control. Three models of the stress process were evaluated empirically: the suppressor, moderator, and distress-deterrent models. The data provided support for the distress-deterrent model only. The findi…
Gender differences in social support among older adults
Self-Esteem and Psychological Distress in Later Life
The purpose of this article is to examine the relationship between self-esteem and psychological distress in later life. The majority of researchers who have assessed this relationship assume that greater self-esteem is associated with a reduced risk of distress. However, other investigators propose that this relationship may be more complex and that individuals with extremely high as well as extremely low self-esteem are more likely to experienc…
Providing Support to Others and Well-Being in Later Life
Although there is now a voluminous literature on supportive social relations in later life, most of this research has been concerned with assessing the beneficial effects of receiving support from others. The purpose of this study is to assess whether giving support to others within informal as well as formal settings might also benefit older help-providers. Findings from a recent nationwide survey of the elderly suggest that giving informal assi…
Stress, Religiosity, and Psychological Well-Being among Older Blacks
The prominent position of the church in the Black community coupled with high levels of religious involvement among elderly Blacks suggests that religiosity may be an important coping resource for members of this minority group. However, there has been little research on this topic. Findings from a recent nationwide survey of older Blacks indicate that religiosity tends to counterbalance or offset the deleterious effects of physical health proble…
The Structure of the Mental Health Inventory Among Chinese in Taiwan
This study attempted to ascertain the construct validity and external validity of the Mental Health Inventory in a Chinese population in Taiwan and contrast these results with results obtained from studies of several U.S. populations. In particular, a series of measurement models were specified and evaluated to address the issues of reliability and validity. Data were collected from personal interviews of a probability sample of 1,194 Chinese res…
Stress and exercise among the Japanese elderly
What Do Global Self-Rated Health Items Measure
One of the most frequently used health status measures consists of a single item that asks respondents to rate their overall health as excellent, good, fair, or poor. This study identified the conceptual domain that is assessed by this self-rated health measure. Findings from 158 in-depth interviews revealed that the same frame of reference is not used by all respondents in answering this question. Some study participants think about specific hea…
Negative Interaction and Satisfaction with Social Support among Older Adults
The purpose of this study was to test a conceptual model that contrasts two competing explanations of how feelings of satisfaction with social support emerge in later life. The first suggests that satisfaction with support is determined primarily by the amount of assistance provided by significant others, while the second view proposes that negative interaction may play a larger role in this process. Two main findings were obtained from this rece…
Religiosity and Self-Esteem among Older Adults
The relationship between religiosity and self-esteem in later life was examined in this study. Previous research in this area provides conflicting findings. Some studies indicate that greater religious involvement tends to bolster feelings of self-worth, whereas others suggest that more religious involvement is associated with less positive self-evaluations. A new perspective is tested in the present study which predicts that there may be a nonli…
Stress, Gender, Cognitive Impairment, and Outpatient Physician use in Later Life
The purpose of this study was to look at the interface between stressful life events, gender, cognitive impairment, and the use of outpatient physician services among older adults. A theoretical rationale is presented, suggesting that older men who are suffering from either mild or moderate levels of cognitive impairment are especially likely to use outpatient physician services when they are confronted by undesirable stressful events. Analyses w…
Religion, Aging, and Health
AN impressive body of research indicates that elderly . people who are involved in religion tend to enjoy better physical and mental health than older adults who are not as religious (Koenig, 1995; Levin, 1996). The articles in this issue by Idler and Kasl (1997a, 1997b) provide convincing evidence of this point. Their research indicates that increased church attendance is associated with better physical functioning in late life. This work is com…
Anticipated Support, Received Support, and Economic Stress among Older Adults
This study examined the interface between anticipated support, received support, recent economic stressors, and depressive symptoms in later life. A theoretical perspective was developed suggesting that received support exacerbates the effects of financial stress on depressive symptoms. However, this conceptual framework further specified that the noxious effects of economic stress are buffered or offset by anticipated support. Data from a nation…
Neighborhood Deterioration, Religious Coping, and Changes in Health During Late Life
Research indicates that older adults who reside in deteriorated neighborhoods experience more physical health problems than elderly people who dwell in more favorable living environments. The purpose of this study is to see whether the deleterious effects of run-down neighborhoods are reduced for older people who use religious coping responses. Data from a nationwide longitudinal survey of elderly people suggest that the noxious impact of living …
Early Parental Loss, Recent Life Events, and Changes in Health among Older Adults
The purpose of this study is to see whether older adults who lost a parent early in life are more vulnerable to the effects of recent stressful events than elderly people who were raised in an intact home. Data from a nationwide longitudinal survey of older adults provide support for this view. The findings indicate that the combined effects of early parental loss and recent stressful events are associated with a decline over time in global self-…
Living Alone and Neighborhood Characteristics as Predictors of Social Support in Late Life
Select constructs that link deteriorated neighborhoods with anticipated support are explored. Suggestions for future research are made
Psychology (228 works) · Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology (168 works) · Social Psychology (148 works) · Medicine (135 works) · Sociology (101 works) · Gerontology (90 works) · Social Psychology (77 works) · Developmental psychology (64 works) · Clinical Psychology (63 works) · Psychiatry (60 works)