Thomas F Lynch
Biographic Data
| ID | 145133 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Thomas F Lynch |
| GIVEN NAMES | Thomas F |
| FAMILY NAME | Lynch |
| SIGNATURE | LYNCH T F |
| AFFILIATIONS | Cornell University |
| ORCID | 0009-0003-7615-9739 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 56 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 266 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 56 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1966 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 10 |
To Prevent a Great Power War
A Note on Chevron and Other Beads from Trinidad
A Note On Chevron And Other Beads From Trinidad, By Charles A. Hoffman And Thomas F. Lynch (1990, 17:14)
Cyberspace
Deconstructing the Collapse of Afghanistan National Security and Defense Forces
The rapid collapse of Afghan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF) in August 2021 was widely anticipated and due to its structural constraints and qualitative decline from 2018-21. This article provides a targeted analysis of ANDSF operational liabilities and qualitative limitations, referencing often overlooked statements by US and Afghan political and military officials, data from official US government reports, and prescient NGO field a…
President Donald Trump
Donald Trump's election as president certainly startled many, though not all political observers. In this article, I offer my own observation that Mr Trump's election represents a developmental progression of America's electoral system from a political process to an entertainment process. The effect of the office of the president now is to distract and entertain. I will aim to convince readers that his election as America's president is not an an…
A Worldwide Network for Comparative Studies on Caravans
Americanae nace como un proyecto conjunto que surge dentro de la Red Europea de Información y Documentación sobre América Latina (REDIAL), y que ha afrontado la Biblioteca de la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). Esta nueva biblioteca virtual hace más accesibles los libros digitales de tema americanista a los investigadores y usuarios interesados de cualquier parte del mundo
After Isis
The U.S. strategy for withdrawal of U.S./NATO forces from Afghanistan, nearing completion of its first and largest tranche, was officially delayed at least a year by President Obama on March 24, 20
Post-2014 Afghanistan & the Looming Consequences of Strategic Misappreciation
Cordage, Textiles, and the Late Pleistocene Peopling of the Andes
Harsh high-altitude environments were among the last landscapes to be settled by humans during the Late Pleistocene between ∼15,000 and 11,000 calendar years before present (cal yr BP). Successful colonization required physiological adaptations to hypoxia and cultural adaptations to limited resources and cold temperatures. How and when humans colonized Andean South America has been poorly understood owing to controversial early archaeological sit…
Identifying the sources of Inka period ceramics from northern Chile
Nato Unbound
The Earliest South American Lifeways
Archaeological evidence for Amerindian ancestors' migration through the Arctic is sketchy. There is still argument over the details of chronology and route, but it is clear that the human career in America is an extension of Eurasian Upper Paleolithic lifeways. If people lived in America before 12,000 years ago, their remains have become extremely scarce and nearly impossible to authenticate. This chapter examines evidence about supposed very ear…
Phaseolus (Fabaceae) in Archaeology
Bahia Colorada (Île d'Englefield)
Native American agriculture
Killion, Thomas W., ed. Gardens of Prehistory: The Archaeology of Settlement Agriculture in Greater Mesoamerica. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1992. xvii + 334 pp. including references and index. $26.95 paper. Smith, Bruce D. Rivers of Change: Essays on Early Agriculture in Eastern North America. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1992. xiv + 302 pp. including references and index. $49.95 cloth
Nuevas evidencias incas entre Collahuasi y Río Frío (I y II Regiones del norte de Chile)
El llamado "gran despoblado", se sitúa en un inmenso desierto de altura, con escasa agua y casi totalmente desocupado, pero rico en vestigios bien conservados tanto de los períodos prehistóricos tempranos como tardíos. Desafortunadamente, la explotación de sus recursos en la actualidad, especialmente la exploración y desarrollo de su riqueza minera, amenaza sus delicados caracteres superficiales y por lo tanto requiere de un rápido registro. Por …
Obsidian Hydration Dating and Temperature Controls in the Punta Negra Region of Northern Chile
Effective hydration temperature (EHT) is essential for the computation of obsidian hydration dates. In the Atacama Desert, the scarcity of air-temperature records combines with extremes of elevation and local temperature to encourage, or even require, the use of buried thermal cells to record on-site mean annual temperatures. Compositional analysis (sourcing) and hydration rate development in the laboratory are also necessary, especially where ot…
Lack of Evidence for Glacial-Age Settlement of South America
Dillehay and Collins (1991) and Gruhn and Bryan (1991) claim that my review (Lynch 1990) was impaired by errors and misrepresentations, yet they identify only one significant error–the too-early date attributed to Toca do Sitio do Meio. Inspection of the sources shows that my article contained no misrepresentations of the public record available to me at the time of writing. Selective use of sources is necessary in a review of this scale. A caref…
Quaternary climate, environment, and the human occupation of the south‐central Andes
This paper reviews the paleoenvironmental context for Paleoindian and Early Archaic settlement of the south‐central Andes. I attempt to reconcile proposals for late‐glacial and early Holocene environmental changes that have originated in several Quaternary sciences. Most useful are the records of changing lake levels, geomorphological indicators of glacial advance and retreat, changes in vegetation as seen through pollen stratigraphy, the record …
Glacial-Age Man in South America? A Critical Review
This paper is an attempt to place the dispute about early man in South America in historical context and to review the most convincing and important evidence that has been put forward. Essentially no skeletal remains–either in North or South America–have survived recent scrutiny and direct dating by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and small CO 2 counters. Only a handful of North American sites still are considered likely to be pre-Clovis, but…
Hominid Use of Fire in the Lower and Middle Pleistocene
Archeology
La identificación de paleoindios en el oeste de Sudamérica
La definición de paleoindios se ha hecho cada vez más difícil, pero también más interesante, ya que el énfasis cambió de la tipología a la cronología, y, entonces, a la adaptación y contexto medioambiental. A pesar de la falta de industrias de piedra trabajada, completas y consistentes, similares a las que caracterizan los paleoindios en Norteamérica, y aún en Centroamérica, el nexo es aún más fácilmente establecido a través de puntas acanaladas,…
Terracing and Irrigation in the Peruvian Highlands [and Comments and Reply]
Climate change and human settlement around the late‐glacial laguna De Punta Negra, northern Chile
Major bodies of fresh water are extremely scarce in the dry Atacama region. Unlike the Salar de Atacama, which has no outlet, the Salar de Punta Negra (24$ 35′ S, 3000 m elevation) used to spill north into the Atacama drainage. Archaeological survey of the beaches and spillway above today's salar indicates late‐glacial human use of the 800 km 2 lake and environs under a contrasting climate regime. The histories and water budgets of the Pleistocen…
Glacial-Age Man in South America? A Critical Review
This paper is an attempt to place the dispute about early man in South America in historical context and to review the most convincing and important evidence that has been put forward. Essentially no skeletal remains–either in North or South America–have survived recent scrutiny and direct dating by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) and small CO 2 counters. Only a handful of North American sites still are considered likely to be pre-Clovis, but…
Phaseolus (Fabaceae) in Archaeology
Camelid pastoralism and the emergence of Tiwanaku civilization in the South-Central Andes
The Andean tablelands and valleys around and south of Lake Titicaca form a coherent cultural area with a history of development that is distinctive in the American context. Early camelid pastoralism and root crop agriculture, probably native to this high region, become the basis of an altitudinally or vertically oriented system of production from complementary environmental zones. From an early pattern of transhumance by hunters and gatherers, th…
Cordage, Textiles, and the Late Pleistocene Peopling of the Andes
Harsh high-altitude environments were among the last landscapes to be settled by humans during the Late Pleistocene between ∼15,000 and 11,000 calendar years before present (cal yr BP). Successful colonization required physiological adaptations to hypoxia and cultural adaptations to limited resources and cold temperatures. How and when humans colonized Andean South America has been poorly understood owing to controversial early archaeological sit…
Terracing and Irrigation in the Peruvian Highlands [and Comments and Reply]
Harvest Timing, Transhumance, and the Process of Domestication1
The structures which control harvesting qualities are critical in the domestication and improvement of many plants. Imperfect timing of harvests, an essential characteristic of transhumant hunting and gathering, puts heavy selective pressure on the genetic factors which control maturation and harvesting qualities. Genetic variants are most likely to be transported to new habitats under conditions of low latitude, mountain transhumance. The beginn…
Preceramic Transhumance in the Callejón de Huaylas, Peru
The nature of the connections between coastal and highland Peru is a largely unresolved problem. Seasonal transhumance in the sierra zone, suspected in preceramic times, may bear on the beginnings of Andean agriculture. The preceramic occupation of the upper Santa Valley spans a wide range of environments and types of sites, which probably represent related facies of a single cultural cycle. The sites include high elevation hunting camps, worksho…
Identifying the sources of Inka period ceramics from northern Chile
Modelling Change in Prehistoric Subsistence Economies
Nuevas evidencias incas entre Collahuasi y Río Frío (I y II Regiones del norte de Chile)
El llamado "gran despoblado", se sitúa en un inmenso desierto de altura, con escasa agua y casi totalmente desocupado, pero rico en vestigios bien conservados tanto de los períodos prehistóricos tempranos como tardíos. Desafortunadamente, la explotación de sus recursos en la actualidad, especialmente la exploración y desarrollo de su riqueza minera, amenaza sus delicados caracteres superficiales y por lo tanto requiere de un rápido registro. Por …
Tambo incaico Catarpe Este (informe de avance)
A través de un convenio entre la Universidad de Cornell y la Universidad del Norte, se llevó a efecto entre el 1o de noviembre y el 7 de diciembre de 1976, junto a un grupo de alumnos de dichas universidades y bajo la dirección del autor de este informe, el trabajo de campo en el sitio conocido en la literatura como Catarpe. Aquí detallamos ese trabajo
Preceramic Textiles and Cordage From Guitarrero Cave, Peru
Fifty-five pieces of cordage and 13 textile fragments, probably dating from the ninth through sixth millennium B.C., are described from this dry multi-component site. Wood and bone tools may also be associated with the textile and basketry industries. It appears that twining in South America as well as North America is the basic textile technique from which most of the others are derived, and that it has a similar antiquity in both continents. Sp…
Lack of Evidence for Glacial-Age Settlement of South America
Dillehay and Collins (1991) and Gruhn and Bryan (1991) claim that my review (Lynch 1990) was impaired by errors and misrepresentations, yet they identify only one significant error–the too-early date attributed to Toca do Sitio do Meio. Inspection of the sources shows that my article contained no misrepresentations of the public record available to me at the time of writing. Selective use of sources is necessary in a review of this scale. A caref…
Quaternary climate, environment, and the human occupation of the south‐central Andes
This paper reviews the paleoenvironmental context for Paleoindian and Early Archaic settlement of the south‐central Andes. I attempt to reconcile proposals for late‐glacial and early Holocene environmental changes that have originated in several Quaternary sciences. Most useful are the records of changing lake levels, geomorphological indicators of glacial advance and retreat, changes in vegetation as seen through pollen stratigraphy, the record …
President Donald Trump
Donald Trump's election as president certainly startled many, though not all political observers. In this article, I offer my own observation that Mr Trump's election represents a developmental progression of America's electoral system from a political process to an entertainment process. The effect of the office of the president now is to distract and entertain. I will aim to convince readers that his election as America's president is not an an…
El Inca. The Life and Times of Garcilaso de la Vega
The Beginnings of a Scientific Approach to Prehistoric Archaeology in 17th and 18th Century Britain
Algunos problemas básicos del estadio de cazare-colección andina
Se abordan problemas fundamentales del estadio de caza-colección andina, centrándose en el papel de la transhumancia como estrategia de movilidad y aprovechamiento de recursos. El estudio examina cómo las comunidades prehistóricas desplazaban sus grupos entre diferentes zonas ecológicas para optimizar el acceso a recursos naturales, superando desafíos ambientales y organizativos. Asimismo, se analizan las implicancias de estas prácticas en la con…
The ‘Lower Perigordian’ in French Archaeology
An evaluation of the concept of ‘Lower Perigordian‘ is attempted in this paper. The conclusion of this work suggests that the Lower Perigordian is a fallacious concept, that it can no longer be accepted as the first stage of the French Upper Palaeolithic, and that the so-called Lower Perigordian stone industries may not even represent a unified stage in the development of stone-tool technology. The terms ‘industry’ and ‘assemblage’ will be used i…
La identificación de paleoindios en el oeste de Sudamérica
La definición de paleoindios se ha hecho cada vez más difícil, pero también más interesante, ya que el énfasis cambió de la tipología a la cronología, y, entonces, a la adaptación y contexto medioambiental. A pesar de la falta de industrias de piedra trabajada, completas y consistentes, similares a las que caracterizan los paleoindios en Norteamérica, y aún en Centroamérica, el nexo es aún más fácilmente establecido a través de puntas acanaladas,…
Climate change and human settlement around the late‐glacial laguna De Punta Negra, northern Chile
Major bodies of fresh water are extremely scarce in the dry Atacama region. Unlike the Salar de Atacama, which has no outlet, the Salar de Punta Negra (24$ 35′ S, 3000 m elevation) used to spill north into the Atacama drainage. Archaeological survey of the beaches and spillway above today's salar indicates late‐glacial human use of the 800 km 2 lake and environs under a contrasting climate regime. The histories and water budgets of the Pleistocen…
Archeology
Lords of Cuzco. A History and Description of the Inca People in Their Final Days
To Prevent a Great Power War
Cyberspace
The ‘Lower Perigordian’ in French Archaeology
An evaluation of the concept of ‘Lower Perigordian‘ is attempted in this paper. The conclusion of this work suggests that the Lower Perigordian is a fallacious concept, that it can no longer be accepted as the first stage of the French Upper Palaeolithic, and that the so-called Lower Perigordian stone industries may not even represent a unified stage in the development of stone-tool technology. The terms ‘industry’ and ‘assemblage’ will be used i…
Cultura diaguita chilena y cultura de El Molle
Lords of Cuzco. A History and Description of the Inca People in Their Final Days
The Beginnings of a Scientific Approach to Prehistoric Archaeology in 17th and 18th Century Britain
El Inca. The Life and Times of Garcilaso de la Vega
Twilight of Ancient Peru. The Glory and Decline of the Inca Empire
Archeology
Preceramic Transhumance in the Callejón de Huaylas, Peru
The nature of the connections between coastal and highland Peru is a largely unresolved problem. Seasonal transhumance in the sierra zone, suspected in preceramic times, may bear on the beginnings of Andean agriculture. The preceramic occupation of the upper Santa Valley spans a wide range of environments and types of sites, which probably represent related facies of a single cultural cycle. The sites include high elevation hunting camps, worksho…
Archeology
America's Past
America's Past
Preceramic Textiles and Cordage From Guitarrero Cave, Peru
Fifty-five pieces of cordage and 13 textile fragments, probably dating from the ninth through sixth millennium B.C., are described from this dry multi-component site. Wood and bone tools may also be associated with the textile and basketry industries. It appears that twining in South America as well as North America is the basic textile technique from which most of the others are derived, and that it has a similar antiquity in both continents. Sp…
Harvest Timing, Transhumance, and the Process of Domestication1
The structures which control harvesting qualities are critical in the domestication and improvement of many plants. Imperfect timing of harvests, an essential characteristic of transhumant hunting and gathering, puts heavy selective pressure on the genetic factors which control maturation and harvesting qualities. Genetic variants are most likely to be transported to new habitats under conditions of low latitude, mountain transhumance. The beginn…
The Antiquity of Man in South America
The initial peopling of South America is reviewed in terms of geochronological and archaeological data. The problem is put in historical perspective and a systematic evaluation is made of the latest typologically oriented arguments for the presence of preprojectile point complexes. Field evidence is very weak for early Biface and Chopper traditions. There is better support for an early Flake tradition, but it is not likely to precede the use of s…
Archaeology
Man the Animal
Algunos problemas básicos del estadio de cazare-colección andina
Se abordan problemas fundamentales del estadio de caza-colección andina, centrándose en el papel de la transhumancia como estrategia de movilidad y aprovechamiento de recursos. El estudio examina cómo las comunidades prehistóricas desplazaban sus grupos entre diferentes zonas ecológicas para optimizar el acceso a recursos naturales, superando desafíos ambientales y organizativos. Asimismo, se analizan las implicancias de estas prácticas en la con…
La cosecha inoportuna, transhumancia y el proceso de domesticación
Las estructuras que controlan las características de lascosechas son de suma importancia en la domesticación ymejoramiento de muchas plantas. La periodización imperfectade las cosechas, que es una característica esencial dela caza y recolección transhumante, ejerce una fuerte presiónselectiva en los factores genéticos que controlan las característicasde la maduración y cosecha. Es más probable que lasvariantes genéticas fueron llevadas a hábitats…
Tambo incaico Catarpe Este (informe de avance)
A través de un convenio entre la Universidad de Cornell y la Universidad del Norte, se llevó a efecto entre el 1o de noviembre y el 7 de diciembre de 1976, junto a un grupo de alumnos de dichas universidades y bajo la dirección del autor de este informe, el trabajo de campo en el sitio conocido en la literatura como Catarpe. Aquí detallamos ese trabajo
Peopling of the Americas
Stratigraphy and Chronology
Artifacts Made from Stone and Other Inorganic Materials
Setting and Excavations
Guitarrero Cave
Bone and Wood Tools
Archaeology (31 works) · History (25 works) · Geography (23 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (18 works) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (18 works) · Art (13 works) · Computer Science (12 works) · History (11 works) · Latin American history and culture (10 works) · Political science (10 works)