John B Casterline
Biographic Data
| ID | 150351 |
|---|---|
| NAME | John B Casterline |
| GIVEN NAMES | John B |
| FAMILY NAME | Casterline |
| SIGNATURE | CASTERLINE J B |
| AFFILIATIONS | The Ohio State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0058-9973 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 58 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 886 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 58 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1985 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 16 |
Trends in spousal age difference at first marriage in Sub-Saharan Africa
Spousal age differences are highest in Sub-Saharan Africa, where trends in age at first marriage indicate an increase for both men and women. However, the net outcome for spousal age difference is difficult to predict without explicit analysis of these distributions. This study examines differentials in spousal age for women in first union. Further, it examines differences within population sub-groups and across countries, focusing on the influen…
Association Between Negative Pregnancy Desires and Recent Condomless Sex Among Couples in Vietnam
We examined the association between negative pregnancy desires and women's semen exposure, a measure of recent condomless sex, among 500 different-sex couples using condoms for contraception. We analyzed data from a trial in Thanh Hoa, Vietnam which longitudinally assessed women's semen exposure via prostate-specific antigen in vaginal fluid. At enrollment, partners independently reported the importance of avoiding pregnancy for the next six mont…
Assessing Trends in the Desire to Avoid Pregnancy
The desire to avoid pregnancy—to delay the next birth or have no further births—is a fundamental sexual and reproductive health indicator. We show that two readily available measures—prospective fertility preferences and the demand for contraception [ Demand ] construct—provide substantially different portraits of historical trends. They also yield correspondingly different assessments of the sources of contraceptive change. We argue, with suppor…
Alignment between Desires and Outcomes among Women Wanting to Avoid Pregnancy
Since childbearing desires, and trends in these desires, differ across populations, the inclusion of women who want to become pregnant in the denominator for unintended pregnancy rates complicates interpretation of intercountry differences and trends over time. To address this limitation, we propose a rate that is the ratio of the number of unintended pregnancies to the number of women wanting to avoid pregnancy; we term these conditional rates. …
Factors associated with never‐use of long‐acting reversible contraception among adult reproductive‐aged women in Ohio
Among ever-users of contraception, LARC never-use was associated with having conservative political views, being religious, and having a pro-life affiliation. Except for race/ethnicity, demographic and healthcare measures were not associated with LARC never-use among women in Ohio
Multiple Perspectives on Recent Trends in Unwanted Fertility in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
The last four decades have witnessed large declines in fertility globally. This study uses data from 78 low- and middle-income countries to examine concurrent trends in unwanted fertility. Three measures of unwanted fertility are contrasted: the conventional unwanted total fertility rate, a proposed conditional unwanted fertility rate, and the percentage of births unwanted. Incidence of unwanted births and prevalence of exposure to unwanted birth…
Fertility Preferences and Contraceptive Change in Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries
The past four decades have witnessed an enormous increase in modern contraception in most low‐ and middle‐income countries. We examine the extent to which this change can be attributed to changes in fertility preferences versus fuller implementation of fertility preferences, a distinction at the heart of intense debates about the returns to investments in family planning services. We analyze national survey data from five major survey programs: W…
Effects of a Novel Erectogenic Condom on Men and Women’s Sexual Pleasure
We tested whether CSD500 (Futura Medical; Guildford, UK), a novel condom containing erectogenic gel designed to increase penile firmness, penile size, and erection duration, results in greater sexual pleasure. In 2017-2020, we randomized heterosexual couples in Thanh Hoa, Vietnam to use CSD500 (N = 248) or standard condoms (N = 252) and followed them up for six months. Women completed the Quality of Sexual Experience (QSE) scale; men completed th…
Extramarital fertility in low- and middle-income countries
In most societies, childbearing is largely confined to women in formal marital unions, but in a subset of contemporary low-fertility Western societies, extramarital fertility has become common. However, extramarital fertility is often ignored in fertility
Fertility preferences and subsequent childbearing in Africa and Asia
Survey data on fertility preferences have played a central but controversial role in fertility research and advocacy for family planning. We summarize evidence from longitudinal studies in 28 Asian and African populations on the relationship between preferences and subsequent childbearing. While we found no consistent association between women's desire to delay childbearing and subsequent fertility, the baseline desire of women to stop childbeari…
Factors influencing satisfaction with oral contraceptive pills and injectables among past users in Kenya
This study examines factors associated with satisfaction with oral pills and injectables among past users in Kenya based on a baseline survey for the 2-year prospective longitudinal study Improving Measurement of Unintended Pregnancy and Unmet Need for Family Planning conducted in 2016. Married women aged 15–39 years were interviewed using a structured questionnaire that captured information on reproduction, contraceptive knowledge and beliefs an…
Thomas K.BurchModel‐Based Demography
This volume of fourteen essays contains twelve journal articles and conference papers written by Burch in the period from the early 1990s through the late 2000s, plus two pieces appearing for the first time in this volume. So that each piece is complete and stands on its own, the author has deliberately not edited out repetition among the fourteen essays. All the essays tackle the problem of the relationship between theory and empirical analysis …
Method‐Specific Attributes that Influence Choice of Future Contraception Among Married Women in Nairobi's Informal Settlements
Despite an extensive evidence base on contraceptive method choice, it remains uncertain which factors are most influential in predisposing women toward certain methods and against others. This paper addresses this gap in knowledge by making use of rarely‐measured perceptions about specific methods, perceived social network experience of methods, and women's own past experiences using specific methods. We draw on baseline data from the project, “ …
From Fertility Preferences to Reproductive Outcomes in the Developing World
Fertility Desires and the Course of Fertility Decline in sub-Saharan Africa
This research examines the demand for children in sub-Saharan Africa and how this demand bears on prospects for fertility decline. Fertility levels on average are high in the region. At issue is whether, and how, fertility decline will occur in the near or medium term. In sub-Saharan Africa fertility desires too are generally high, as we have documented elsewhere (Bongaarts and Casterline 2013; Casterline and Agyei-Mensah 2014). The backdrop for …
Prospects for Fertility Decline in Africa
Unrealized fertility
â Unrealized fertilityâ is a failure to achieve desired fertility. Unrealized fertility has been examined in low-fertility societies but, with the exception of research on infertility, has been neglected in research on non-Western societies
Trends in Inter-Birth Intervals in Developing Countries 1965-2014
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article
Fertility Transition
Understanding Unmet Need
During the past two decades, estimates of unmet need have become an influential measure for assessing population policies and programs. This article recounts the evolution of the concept of unmet need, describes how demographic survey data have been used to generate estimates of its prevalence, and tests the sensitivity of these estimates to various assumptions in the unmet need algorithm. The algorithm uses a complex set of assumptions to identi…
Unmet Need and Fertility Decline
This study assesses how changes in unmet need for family planning have contributed to contemporary fertility declines, and the implications of this historical record for further fertility decline, especially in sub‐Saharan Africa. We examine joint trends at the national level in fertility, unintended fertility, and unmet need. We bring unintended fertility into the analysis because the underlying rationale for reducing unmet need is to avert unin…
Migration and marriage
BACKGROUND: Previous research on inter-relations between migration and marriage has relied on overly simplistic assumptions about the structure of dependency between the two events. However, there is good reason to posit that each of the two transitions has an impact on the likelihood of the other, and that unobserved common factors may affect both migration and marriage, leading to a distorted impression of the causal impact of one on the other.…
Fertility Transition
To have or not to have another child
Managing unplanned pregnancies in five countries
Why is induced abortion common in environments in which modern contraception is readily available? This study analyses qualitative data collected from focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with women and men from low-income areas in five countries--the United States, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru and Mexico--to better understand how couples manage their pregnancy risk. Across all settings, women and men rarely weigh the advantages and disadva…
Social Learning, Social Influence, and New Models of Fertility
Mark R. Montgomery, John B. Casterline, Social Learning, Social Influence, and New Models of Fertility, Population and Development Review, Vol. 22, Supplement: Fertility in the United States: New Patterns, New Theories (1996), pp. 151-175
Fertility Transition
The Diffusion of Fertility Control in Taiwan
This article assesses whether Taiwan's rapid fertility transition over the period 1960–1980 was facilitated by interpersonal diffusion. Annual data on some 361 areal units are available; these support the estimation of dynamic fixed-effect models of marital fertility. The statistical models take aim at the principal empirical prediction of diffusion hypotheses: the implication of autoregressive behaviour in fertility. We test for autoregressive e…
Unmet Need for Family Planning in Developing Countries and Implications for Population Policy
Unmet need for family planning has been a core concept in international population discourse for several decades. This article reviews the history of unmet need and the development of increasingly refined methods of its empirical measurement and delineates the main questions that have been raised about unmet need during the past decade, some of which concern the validity of the concept and others its role in policy debates. The discussion draws h…
Villages as Contexts for Contraceptive Behavior in Rural Egypt
This research joins sociological and demographic traditions in a study of villages as contexts for contraceptive behavior in rural Egypt. Using survey data collected in the early 1980s the authors explore the effects of village household and individual characteristics on contraceptive use and expectations about future use. Primary interest centers on the effects of the village variables including the structure of the village economy modernization…
The estimation of Unwanted Fertility
The estimation of unwanted fertility is a major objective of demographic surveys, including DHS surveys conducted in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Levels and trends in unwanted fertility are important input to the formulation of population policy and the evaluation of family planning programs. Yet existing methods for estimating unwanted fertility are known to be defective, among other reasons because they rely on subjective data whose validit…
The Age Difference Between Spouses
Sub-national and cross-national variations in the age difference between spouses are investigated with data from the World Fertility Survey relating to 29 developing countries. Substantial variation within and between countries is evident. Analysis suggests that the relative age of prospective spouses is a factor taken into account in the marriage market. Observed variation in the age difference, within and between countries, cannot be explained …
Trends in the timing of first marriage among men and women in the developing world
The timing of first union merits investigation not only because of the close temporal link between marriage and the onset of childbearing, but also because the age when men and women marry has implications for the organization of family life and for gender relations within society. This paper begins by reviewing the contributions of various social science disciplines to an understanding of the timing of marriage. Using current status data from 73…
Factors Underlying Unmet Need for Family Planning in the Philippines
The prevalence of unmet need for family planning is a primary justification for family planning programs, but the causes of unmet need have not been much explored. This article investigates four explanations for unmet need: (1) as an artifact of inaccurate measurement of fertility preferences and contraceptive practice; (2) as a reflection of weakly held fertility preferences; (3) as a result of women's perceiving themselves to be at low risk of …
Modelling Diffusion Effects in Fertility Transition
Mathematical models bind theory to precise formulations, and by doing so accentuate logical inconsistences in theories and facilitate their testing. In this article we explore the implications of simple mathematical models of fertility transition that contain social interaction diffusion effects. We put forward the hypothesis that diffusion effects act as a third type of causal agent of fertility transition, above and beyond the traditionally stu…
Trends in Inter-Birth Intervals in Developing Countries 1965-2014
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article
Obstacles to Contraceptive Use in Pakistan
The principal aim of this study is to assess the strength in Pakistan of a set of hypothesized obstacles to practicing contraception. Survey data are analyzed that were collected in Punjab province in 1996 and that contain unusually detailed measurement of various perceived costs of practicing contraception, as well as focused measurement of fertility motivation. The framework guiding the research specifies six major obstacles to contraceptive us…
Fertility Desires and the Course of Fertility Decline in sub-Saharan Africa
This research examines the demand for children in sub-Saharan Africa and how this demand bears on prospects for fertility decline. Fertility levels on average are high in the region. At issue is whether, and how, fertility decline will occur in the near or medium term. In sub-Saharan Africa fertility desires too are generally high, as we have documented elsewhere (Bongaarts and Casterline 2013; Casterline and Agyei-Mensah 2014). The backdrop for …
Examining the predictive value of fertility preferences among Ghanaian women
Despite extensive research, doubts remain regarding the degree of correspondence between prior stated fertility preferences and subsequent fertility behavior. Preference instability is a factor that potentially undermines predictiveness. Furthermore, if other predictors of fertility substantially explain fertility, then knowledge of preferences may contribute little to explaining or predicting individual fertility behavior. In this study, we exam…
Fertility preferences and subsequent childbearing in Africa and Asia
Survey data on fertility preferences have played a central but controversial role in fertility research and advocacy for family planning. We summarize evidence from longitudinal studies in 28 Asian and African populations on the relationship between preferences and subsequent childbearing. While we found no consistent association between women's desire to delay childbearing and subsequent fertility, the baseline desire of women to stop childbeari…
Understanding Unmet Need
During the past two decades, estimates of unmet need have become an influential measure for assessing population policies and programs. This article recounts the evolution of the concept of unmet need, describes how demographic survey data have been used to generate estimates of its prevalence, and tests the sensitivity of these estimates to various assumptions in the unmet need algorithm. The algorithm uses a complex set of assumptions to identi…
Unrealized fertility
â Unrealized fertilityâ is a failure to achieve desired fertility. Unrealized fertility has been examined in low-fertility societies but, with the exception of research on infertility, has been neglected in research on non-Western societies
Household income and child survival in Egypt
This article uses household-level economic and fertility survey data to examine the relationship between household income and child survival in Egypt. Income has little effect on infant mortality but is inversely related to mortality in early childhood. The relationship persists with other associated socioeconomic variables controlled. The mechanisms underlying the income effects are not evident from this analysis: income differentials in sources…
From Fertility Preferences to Reproductive Outcomes in the Developing World
The Time Dynamics of Individual Fertility Preferences Among Rural Ghanaian Women
Fertility preferences are revised in the light of changing life and reproductive circumstances. Over time, an individual's fertility preferences may fluctuate along a continuum. In this study, we describe typical patterns of change (or stability) in individual fertility preferences over a period of five years using a prospective panel study of women of reproductive age in six communities in southern Ghana. We investigate whether patterns of chang…
The Onset of Fertility Transition in Pakistan
Interaction Diffusion and Fertility Transition in Costa Rica
Journal Article Interaction Diffusion and Fertility Transition in Costa Rica Get access Luis Rosero-Bixby, Luis Rosero-Bixby Princeton University and Universidad de Costa Rica Direct correspondence to L. Rosero-Bixby, Apartado 833-2050, San Pedro, Costa Rica. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar John B. Casterline John B. Casterline Brown University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Goog…
The Proximate Determinants of Fertility
In this paper changes in the relative importance of the proximate determinants of fertility, as modernization increases, are analysed Educational attainment and type of place of current residence are used as indicators of modernization. We concentrate on the three most important proximate variables: marriage, contraception and breastfeeding, and the analysis is performed on 29 World Fertility Survey countries. Bongaarts's multiplicative model is …
Migration and marriage
BACKGROUND: Previous research on inter-relations between migration and marriage has relied on overly simplistic assumptions about the structure of dependency between the two events. However, there is good reason to posit that each of the two transitions has an impact on the likelihood of the other, and that unobserved common factors may affect both migration and marriage, leading to a distorted impression of the causal impact of one on the other.…
Prospects for Fertility Decline in Africa
The Proximate Determinants of Fertility
In this paper changes in the relative importance of the proximate determinants of fertility, as modernization increases, are analysed Educational attainment and type of place of current residence are used as indicators of modernization. We concentrate on the three most important proximate variables: marriage, contraception and breastfeeding, and the analysis is performed on 29 World Fertility Survey countries. Bongaarts's multiplicative model is …
The Age Difference Between Spouses
Sub-national and cross-national variations in the age difference between spouses are investigated with data from the World Fertility Survey relating to 29 developing countries. Substantial variation within and between countries is evident. Analysis suggests that the relative age of prospective spouses is a factor taken into account in the marriage market. Observed variation in the age difference, within and between countries, cannot be explained …
Adapting Fertility Exposure Analysis to the Study of Fertility Change
Fertility exposure analysis was developed recently by Hobcraft and Little in order to evaluate the relative importance of the various proximate determinants upon levels of current fertility. In the present paper we extend the analysis to the study of changes in fertility between two cross-sectional surveys. We show how to express fertility change as a product of terms which represent changes in the proximate determinants. The model of change is a…
Collecting Data on Pregnancy Loss
Estimates of levels and differentials of pregnancy loss are presented for 40 developing countries participating in the World Fertility Survey (WFS) program. Judged against agreed-upon levels of spontaneous loss in human populations, WFS surveys measured from 50 to 80 percent of recognizable losses. The coverage of induced abortions appears to be much worse. Consistent with data from other sources and settings, the probability of loss is strongly …
Household income and child survival in Egypt
This article uses household-level economic and fertility survey data to examine the relationship between household income and child survival in Egypt. Income has little effect on infant mortality but is inversely related to mortality in early childhood. The relationship persists with other associated socioeconomic variables controlled. The mechanisms underlying the income effects are not evident from this analysis: income differentials in sources…
Maternal age, gravidity, and pregnancy spacing effects on spontaneous fetal mortality
Differentials in the probability of pregnancy loss are examined using pregnancy history data from eight WFS surveys in developing countries. Multiple logistic regression equations are estimated. The probability of loss varies substantially over the reproductive career. Both higher-order pregnancies and those conceived at older ages are more likely to terminate in loss. maternal age differentials are more pronounced for lower-order pregnancies. Fi…
Villages as Contexts for Contraceptive Behavior in Rural Egypt
This research joins sociological and demographic traditions in a study of villages as contexts for contraceptive behavior in rural Egypt. Using survey data collected in the early 1980s the authors explore the effects of village household and individual characteristics on contraceptive use and expectations about future use. Primary interest centers on the effects of the village variables including the structure of the village economy modernization…
Choosing a Contraceptive
On the Importance of Context
Infant and child mortality in rural Egypt
This research examines determinants of infant and child mortality in rural Egypt, primarily the effects of household economic status and the availability of health services. Certain features of the health service environment affect survival in the neonatal period. In early childhood, survival chances improve markedly as income increases and if the household depends almost exclusively on employment income. In infancy and in early childhood, mortal…
Infant and child mortality in rural Egypt
This research examines determinants of infant and child mortality in rural Egypt, primarily the effects of household economic status and the availability of health services. Certain features of the health service environment affect survival in the neonatal period. In early childhood, survival chances improve markedly as income increases and if the household depends almost exclusively on employment income. In infancy and in early childhood, mortal…
Infant and child mortality in rural Egypt—a reply
Modelling Diffusion Effects in Fertility Transition
Mathematical models bind theory to precise formulations, and by doing so accentuate logical inconsistences in theories and facilitate their testing. In this article we explore the implications of simple mathematical models of fertility transition that contain social interaction diffusion effects. We put forward the hypothesis that diffusion effects act as a third type of causal agent of fertility transition, above and beyond the traditionally stu…
The Diffusion of Fertility Control in Taiwan
This article assesses whether Taiwan's rapid fertility transition over the period 1960–1980 was facilitated by interpersonal diffusion. Annual data on some 361 areal units are available; these support the estimation of dynamic fixed-effect models of marital fertility. The statistical models take aim at the principal empirical prediction of diffusion hypotheses: the implication of autoregressive behaviour in fertility. We test for autoregressive e…
Ageing in East and South-East Asia
Interaction Diffusion and Fertility Transition in Costa Rica
Journal Article Interaction Diffusion and Fertility Transition in Costa Rica Get access Luis Rosero-Bixby, Luis Rosero-Bixby Princeton University and Universidad de Costa Rica Direct correspondence to L. Rosero-Bixby, Apartado 833-2050, San Pedro, Costa Rica. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar John B. Casterline John B. Casterline Brown University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Goog…
Biosocial models
Population, Consumption, and the Environment
Social Learning, Social Influence, and New Models of Fertility
Mark R. Montgomery, John B. Casterline, Social Learning, Social Influence, and New Models of Fertility, Population and Development Review, Vol. 22, Supplement: Fertility in the United States: New Patterns, New Theories (1996), pp. 151-175
Fertility in the United States
Fertility in the United Statesnew patterns, new theories , Fertility in the United Statesnew patterns, new theories , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
Factors Underlying Unmet Need for Family Planning in the Philippines
The prevalence of unmet need for family planning is a primary justification for family planning programs, but the causes of unmet need have not been much explored. This article investigates four explanations for unmet need: (1) as an artifact of inaccurate measurement of fertility preferences and contraceptive practice; (2) as a reflection of weakly held fertility preferences; (3) as a result of women's perceiving themselves to be at low risk of …
The Onset of Fertility Transition in Pakistan
Unmet Need for Family Planning in Developing Countries and Implications for Population Policy
Unmet need for family planning has been a core concept in international population discourse for several decades. This article reviews the history of unmet need and the development of increasingly refined methods of its empirical measurement and delineates the main questions that have been raised about unmet need during the past decade, some of which concern the validity of the concept and others its role in policy debates. The discussion draws h…
Obstacles to Contraceptive Use in Pakistan
The principal aim of this study is to assess the strength in Pakistan of a set of hypothesized obstacles to practicing contraception. Survey data are analyzed that were collected in Punjab province in 1996 and that contain unusually detailed measurement of various perceived costs of practicing contraception, as well as focused measurement of fertility motivation. The framework guiding the research specifies six major obstacles to contraceptive us…
Short Reviews
Books reviewed in this article: Laurel Bossen, Chinese Women and Rural Development: Sixty Years of Change in Lu Village, Yunnan Fabrizio Butera and Gabriel Mugny (EDS.), Social Influence in Social Reality: Promoting Individual and Social Change Harold Coward and Daniel C. Maguire (EDS.), Visions of a New Earth: Religious Perspectives on Population, Consumption, and Ecology Martha C. Nussbaum, Women and Human Development: The Capabilities Approach…
Demography (48 works) · Sociology (48 works) · Population (47 works) · Economics (32 works) · Demographic Trends and Gender Preferences (31 works) · Fertility (31 works) · Global Maternal and Child Health (30 works) · Demography (26 works) · Geography (23 works) · Economic growth (20 works)