Knud S Larsen
Biographic Data
| ID | 153852 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Knud S Larsen |
| GIVEN NAMES | Knud S |
| FAMILY NAME | Larsen |
| SIGNATURE | LARSEN K S |
| AFFILIATIONS | Oregon State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5418-1180 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 48 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 229 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 48 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1968 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2014 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Framing Unauthorized Immigrants
In the U.S. media, unauthorized immigrants are often interchangeably referred to as "illegal aliens," "illegal immigrants," and undocumented immigrants." In spite of formal equivalence, these terms carry different connotations, but the effects of these labels on people's attitudes toward immigrants are not well documented. In this replication study, 274 undergraduate students in psychology responded to one of three randomly distributed versions o…
On use of Student Samples for Scale Construction
This research note responds to the question of whether a convenience sample of undergraduate students may be successfully utilized in concept development and in scale construction, and in what way the results are comparable to the findings of a representative national sample. The results of a Mokken analysis in both samples support the hypothesis that convenience samples have utility in concept development and in developing measures that can also…
Developing Attitude Statements toward Illegal Immigration
This is a report on the utility of a scale measuring attitudes toward illegal immigrants in two samples from nations that have more people moving out of the country than moving into the country. The Attitude toward Illegal Immigrants Scale was administered to 219 undergraduates from Sofia University in Bulgaria, and 179 undergraduates from Hanoi State University in Vietnam. Results yielded a scale with no sex differences, and acceptable alpha coe…
Structure of Attitudes toward Illegal Immigration
This research examined the possibility of developing Mokken cumulative scales measuring attitudes toward illegal immigrants in a 9-nation sample. A total of 1,407 respondents primarily from national and regional universities participated in the surveys including the 20-item Illegal Immigration Scale. The scales displayed acceptable reliability with coefficients alpha ranging from .79 to .93. A Procrustes analysis yielded coefficients of congruenc…
Oppression and resistance
Attitudes toward Illegal Immigration in Scandinavia and United States
531 undergraduate students ( M age = 23.4 yr.) from the universities of Copenhagen, Oslo, and Oregon State participated in a survey on attitudes toward illegal immigrants, radicalism–conservatism, Machiavellianism, and anomie. Also, a scale on relative optimism–pessimism, past, present, and future, was included. The range of coefficients alpha for the Attitudes Toward Illegal Immigration Scale was .92 to .93. Pearson product-moment correlations f…
Ideology and Identity
Hopes for an international order and global peace seem shattered as we face the 21st century. The nation-state supported by the national outlook is not withering away. On the contrary, in the identity vacuum which followed the system collapse of Stalinism, new virulent forms of mini nationalisms and ethnic chauvinisms are observed. Clearly, peace research must devote more attention to the understanding of the ideological and identity components o…
Perspectives on the environment among social science students in former socialist and Western societies
This is a study on differences between national samples on optimism‐pessimism on the environment. 755 undergraduate students in social science from the U.S.A., Bulgaria, Hungary, and Norway responded to a survey. 29% were male, 70% female, with a mean age of 22.83. Results yielded highly significant differences with respondents from former “socialist” societies scoring significantly higher on environmental pessimism
Authoritarianism, Perspectives on the Environment, and Work Values Among Social Science Students in Former Socialist and Western Societies
This is a study on differences between national samples on authoritarianism, optimism-pessimism on the environment, and work values. 755 undergraduate students in social science from the U.S.A., Bulgaria, Hungary, and Norway responded to a survey. 29% were male, 70% female, with a mean age of 22.83. Results yielded highly significant differences with respondents from former “socialist” societies scoring significantly higher on authoritarianism an…
The transportation of nuclear waste
The US Department of Energy is in the process of planning the removal of transuranic waste from its Hanford, Washington facility. The current study is based on a randomly mailed survey to 600 respondents in the transportation corridor in Oregon (Baker, Malheur, Umatilla and Union counties) and 300 to the Portland metropolitan area. The survey form included questions on information, attitudes, issues related to shipping, responding to accidents, s…
Aids Victims and Heterosexual Attitudes
This study reports on the development of a Likert scale that measures attitudes toward AIDS victims (ATAV) in five phases. A total of 582 undergraduate (means age = 24.2) completed the survey forms, 249 males and 333 females. The results for Phase 1 yielded a scale with high part-whole correlations (.62-.90, p less than .001), corrected split-half reliability (.87, p less than .001), and alpha coefficients (.91, p less than .001). The following p…
Attitudes toward sex-roles
Attitudes toward rape
Attitudes Toward Nuclear Disarmament
La ciencia aplicada
Mettant à profit ce qu'il avait étudié de la tradition scientifique de la fin du xixe et du début du xxe siècle, Gabriel Miró a incorporé à son œuvre certains aspects de la théorie d'Alfred Binet sur le fétichisme dans l'amour. De plus, il semble qu'il ait emprunté des éléments à d'autres écrivains sur le même sujet. Par exemple, Richard von Krafft-Ebing et Sigmund Freud. Cette influence est particulièrement sensible dans Las cerezas del cementer…
Scandinavian grass roots
(1984). Scandinavian grass roots: From peace movement to Nordic council. Scandinavian Journal of History: Vol. 9, No. 2-3, pp. 183-200
A study of same sex touching attitudes
Attitudes toward same sex touching is an area of considerable importance to understanding sex‐role rigidity and heterosexual intimacy, and are thought to be significant to sexual adjustment and well‐being. A reliable and valid scale is needed for research on same sex touching. In this article, seven phases in the development of a Likert‐type scale measuring attitudes toward same sex touching (SSTS) are described. Phase 1 of the study was an item …
Anti‐black attitudes, religious orthodoxy, permissiveness, and sexual information
The purpose of this study was to evaluate three sets of predictors of attitudes toward homosexuality: (a) anti‐black and orthodox religious attitudes, (b) sexual permissiveness, and (c) the effect of an introductory human sexuality course. Significantly more positive attitudes were expected for those holding more positive attitudes toward blacks and those who were more sexually permissive. A negative relationship was expected for those holding or…
White attitudes in townsville
(1981). White attitudes in townsville: Authoritarianism, religiosity and contact. Australian Psychologist: Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 111-122
Aboriginal group identification and problem drinking
Empirical research on Australian Aboriginal alcohol abuse is nearly nonexistent. In this study, 72 Aboriginal alcohol abusers were interviewed. The basic aim was to ascertain the effect of group identity in social fringe groups on drinking behavior. Aboriginal group identity was related to indices of alcohol abuse and alcoholic symptoms. In the rejected urban fringes of society, Aboriginal group identity represents the last link to a social netwo…
Attitudes of heterosexuals toward homosexuality
This article reports on three phases of the development of a Likert‐type scale measuring heterosexual attitudes toward homosexuality. Phase 1 describes the development of the scale. Item analysis yielded 20 statements with item‐total correlations ranging from .57 to .74. In Phase 2 the 20‐item Heterosexual Attitudes Toward Homosexuality (HATH) Scale was administered to 82 subjects. Analysis yielded a corrected split‐half correlation of .92, and t…
Person Perception and the Evaluation of Aboriginal Topical Art
This article reports on a study of impression formation. The evaluation of products by stimulus persons is affected by the adaptation-level concept, the contrast-assimilation principle, and balance theory concepts. Discrepant information produces cognitive reorganization and overevaluation. Two experimental groups (n=54) participated in one of two conditions. In one, a white stimulus person appeared as the “artist” of ten drawings; in the second …
A black community health program — perspectives on training
Social Crisis and Aboriginal Alcohol Abuse
This article summarizes the major results of three studies into aboriginal alcohol abuse in and around Perth. The first study was based on in‐depth interviews with thirty‐one officers and members of sixteen Perth community organizations. In addition, a review of impressionistic arguments and research documents was also completed. This section also includes a structured interview with the thirty‐one respondents. The second study examined the fring…
Authoritarian Traits as Predictors of Candidate Preference in 1976 United States Presidential Election
Responses of 39 males and 41 females to a questionnaire containing items from the dogmatism and F scales showed Wallace/Reagan supporters were higher on authoritarianism than Ford/Carter adherents and left-liberal supporters were lowest. Data do not support Rokeach's theory
Attitudes of heterosexuals toward homosexuality
This article reports on three phases of the development of a Likert‐type scale measuring heterosexual attitudes toward homosexuality. Phase 1 describes the development of the scale. Item analysis yielded 20 statements with item‐total correlations ranging from .57 to .74. In Phase 2 the 20‐item Heterosexual Attitudes Toward Homosexuality (HATH) Scale was administered to 82 subjects. Analysis yielded a corrected split‐half correlation of .92, and t…
Attitudes toward sex-roles
Anti‐black attitudes, religious orthodoxy, permissiveness, and sexual information
The purpose of this study was to evaluate three sets of predictors of attitudes toward homosexuality: (a) anti‐black and orthodox religious attitudes, (b) sexual permissiveness, and (c) the effect of an introductory human sexuality course. Significantly more positive attitudes were expected for those holding more positive attitudes toward blacks and those who were more sexually permissive. A negative relationship was expected for those holding or…
White attitudes in townsville
(1981). White attitudes in townsville: Authoritarianism, religiosity and contact. Australian Psychologist: Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 111-122
Anticipated Social Cost and Interpersonal Accomodation
The paper is concerned with demonstrating the value of social cost—a concept derived from a social psychological theory of prejudice—in analyzing the cognitive processes underlying the encoding of convergent speech acts. A study showed that when speakers anticipate meeting socially significant others immediately, the effect on their perceptual processes is to perceive greater similarity to, and less undesirable traits in, such others. It was argu…
Is the subject's personality or the experimental situation a better predictor of a subject's willingness to administer shock to a victim
Attitudes toward rape
Attitudes Toward Nuclear Disarmament
Aboriginal group identification and problem drinking
Empirical research on Australian Aboriginal alcohol abuse is nearly nonexistent. In this study, 72 Aboriginal alcohol abusers were interviewed. The basic aim was to ascertain the effect of group identity in social fringe groups on drinking behavior. Aboriginal group identity was related to indices of alcohol abuse and alcoholic symptoms. In the rejected urban fringes of society, Aboriginal group identity represents the last link to a social netwo…
Scandinavian grass roots
(1984). Scandinavian grass roots: From peace movement to Nordic council. Scandinavian Journal of History: Vol. 9, No. 2-3, pp. 183-200
A study of same sex touching attitudes
Attitudes toward same sex touching is an area of considerable importance to understanding sex‐role rigidity and heterosexual intimacy, and are thought to be significant to sexual adjustment and well‐being. A reliable and valid scale is needed for research on same sex touching. In this article, seven phases in the development of a Likert‐type scale measuring attitudes toward same sex touching (SSTS) are described. Phase 1 of the study was an item …
Social Crisis and Aboriginal Alcohol Abuse
This article summarizes the major results of three studies into aboriginal alcohol abuse in and around Perth. The first study was based on in‐depth interviews with thirty‐one officers and members of sixteen Perth community organizations. In addition, a review of impressionistic arguments and research documents was also completed. This section also includes a structured interview with the thirty‐one respondents. The second study examined the fring…
Oppression and resistance
A black community health program — perspectives on training
Affectivity, cognitive style, and social judgment
An Investigation of Sexual Behavior among Norwegian College Students
This study investigated sexual attitudes and behavior among Norwegian college students. A survey of questions was administered to sexually mixed groups of from five to eight persons. Subsequently a pornographic movie was shown and degree of sexual arousal measured. The results showed predictable male and female differences and differences between the sexual behavior of the Norwegian sample and American samples tested by other investigators. The s…
Authoritarianism and Attitudes toward Police
A questionnaire composed of an authoritarian measure and two assessments of attitudes toward police was administered to 103 S s. Large positive correlations obtained between authoritarianism and attitudes toward police. This relationship may be partially explained as a function of high authoritarian S 's insecurity, as a result of which the police become a mediating force in an otherwise threatening environment. No sex differences were observed, …
Authoritarianism, Self Esteem and Insecurity
The traits underlying the authoritarian syndrome suggest that high-authoritarian Ss are insecure and low in self esteem. The present study investigated this hypothesis employing several independent assessments of self esteem. Results tended to confirm this hypothesis but showed only moderate relationships among the several measures of self esteem
Change in Attitude Toward Negroes Resulting From Exposure To Congruent and Non-Congruent Attitudinal Objects
Social Position, Social Desirability and Self-Esteem
Welfare clients occupy a position of low desirability, whereas college students, by reason of familial ties or prospective future contribution, occupy a position of high desirability. Significant differences were obtained between these two groups on self-esteem and length of time on welfare was a significant factor in welfare clients' self-esteem
Authoritarian Traits as Predictors of Candidate Preference in 1968 United States Presidential Election
The literature on the relationship of authoritarianism and political behavior is complex. This study investigated the relation of candidate preference during the 1968 presidential election to scores on 4 measures of authoritarianism. A survey was administered to a random sample of 141 male and 141 female undergraduates. Significant differences between Wallace supporters and supporters of other candidates on 3 of the 4 measures indicate that gener…
Perceived Aggression Training as a Predictor of Two Assessments of Authoritarianism
Dogmatism and Sociometric Status as Determinants of Interaction in a Small Group
This study investigated the correlations between dogmatism and sociometric status as predictors of interaction in a small group ( n = 14). Results showed a positive correlation between sociometric status and various indexes of interaction and a negative correlation between dogmatism and sociometric status. The expected correlation between dogmatism and interactions did not appear
Affectivity, cognitive style, and social judgment
An Investigation of Sexual Behavior among Norwegian College Students
This study investigated sexual attitudes and behavior among Norwegian college students. A survey of questions was administered to sexually mixed groups of from five to eight persons. Subsequently a pornographic movie was shown and degree of sexual arousal measured. The results showed predictable male and female differences and differences between the sexual behavior of the Norwegian sample and American samples tested by other investigators. The s…
Attributed Power, Response Strategies and Non-Zero Sum Game Behavior
43 female Ss and 46 male Ss played three Prisoner's Dilemma games. The three games were 100% cooperative, 100% competitive, and 50% random cooperative. The other independent variable was attributed power. The results showed that neither type of game nor attributed power had an effect on game behavior. Small but significant correlations were, however, found between attributed power and type of game when analyzed separately for males and females. M…
Is the subject's personality or the experimental situation a better predictor of a subject's willingness to administer shock to a victim
Determinants of Peace Agreement, Pessimism-Optimism, and Expectation of World Conflict
The data reported in this paper are based on a comprehensive survey carried out in a number of European countries. General results indicate that individuals low in social and personal power are more likely to acquiesce to peace proposals which could be considered high in social desirability. Little power to intervene actively in the future is reflected in the pessimism about chances for conflict and pessimism about their own life and the status o…
Power and the Perception of the Future
This paper reports on a six-nation massive survey investigating the relationship between assessments of social power and peace agreement, pessimism - optimism, and expectations of conflict in the future. Over 10,000 individuals between the ages of 15 and 40, in both east and west European countries, responded to interviews lasting two hours. The results of the analysis carried out show: (1) that low social power is related to peace agreement; (2)…
Laboratory Aggression Where the Victim Is a Small Dog
Earlier experiments in laboratory aggression have demonstrated the willingness of subjects to shock human victims as functions of obedience and situational conformity processes. In this experiment, 30 undergraduate college students shocked a small dog. The hypothesis that subjects would shock this vulnerable victim less was confirmed. Females shocked the dog significantly less than males, a difference which does not occur for human victims. This …
Situational Pressure, Attitudes Toward Blacks, and Laboratory Aggression
The importance of the situational context in producing discriminatory behavior cannot he overlooked. This experiment on laboratory aggression investigated the effect of racial attitudes on the willingness to shock a black victim. A second purpose was to compare two groups in the shock levels administered to a black or a white victim. The results showed that attitudes toward blacks are not related to the level of shock administered to blacks. A bl…
Attitudes toward Death
Attitudes toward death is a subject largely overlooked by psychology. This article reports on the development of a Likert-type scale measuring attitude toward death. Item analysis produced 32 items, with a corrected split-half reliability coefficient of .92. The scale did not predict differences between donors and professors and did not relate to age, sex, or self-esteem. It did, however, correlate negatively with religiosity, level of education,…
Emotional Responses to Frustration of Approval Seeking and Personal Identity
Several emotional responses may be made to frustration depending on the type of goal frustrated. Two types of broad goals are approval and personal identity seeking. 32 male and 38 female undergraduates participated in this role-playing study. 43 Ss were oriented toward approval seeking and 27 Ss were oriented toward personal identity. Sadness was a more dominant response (104 responses) than anger (34 responses) for high approval-seeking Ss. App…
Attitudes toward Black and White Integration as a Function of Beliefs about Nature versus Nurture
Jensen (1769) has advocated the point of view that in IQ scores are based primarily on inherited genetic differences. This position has been the subject of fervent controversy,' both on scientific and policy grounds. The belief that genes are more important than the environment may prove convenient for the prejudiced person. Since the genes cause such the prejudiced person obviously may be absolved from any responsibility. This belief could help …
Survival or Courage as Human Motivation
A conceptual distinction between social and existential courage is advanced. Social courage is defined as risk-taking in pursuit of socially valued goals. Existential courage is the learned capacity to make self-defined appropriate choices, to express self-defined appropriate emotions independent of, despite, or in opposition to survival or social cost motivation. Development of a Likert-type scale outlines constituent values of social and existe…
Measurement of Competitive-Cooperative Attitudes
Competitive attitudes significantly influence various dimensions of human behavior. Studies have largely used games in the collection of data and the usefulness of games as methodological tools may be questioned. To overcome this methodological weakness, a Likert-type attitude-scale measuring attitudes toward competition-cooperation was developed. The scale shows satisfactory internal reliability and correlates significantly with measures of Mach…
A Socio-Cultural Model for Hostile Intergroup Images
In the place of biological needs of importance, this paper suggests a theory of human motivation based on socio-economic needs. Depending on whether social relationships are functional to these needs, they are reflected either in predatory survival attitudes and behavior or in conformity to normative pressures. So-called “higher order” values or “growth” motivation is but a reflection of conformity to normative pressures in societies where social…
Anticipated Social Cost and Interpersonal Accomodation
The paper is concerned with demonstrating the value of social cost—a concept derived from a social psychological theory of prejudice—in analyzing the cognitive processes underlying the encoding of convergent speech acts. A study showed that when speakers anticipate meeting socially significant others immediately, the effect on their perceptual processes is to perceive greater similarity to, and less undesirable traits in, such others. It was argu…
Authoritarian Traits as Predictors of Candidate Preference in 1976 United States Presidential Election
Responses of 39 males and 41 females to a questionnaire containing items from the dogmatism and F scales showed Wallace/Reagan supporters were higher on authoritarianism than Ford/Carter adherents and left-liberal supporters were lowest. Data do not support Rokeach's theory
The Role of Aboriginal Medical Services
The research reported in this article evaluates a social psychological model predicting preferences of black patients for alternative medical facilities in Townsville. Results show that proximity, security, experience, assimilation, and seriousness of illness all contribute to a preference for either the Aboriginal and Islander Community Health Service or the white administered out‐patient service of the General Hospital. The hospital sample is c…
Person Perception and the Evaluation of Aboriginal Topical Art
This article reports on a study of impression formation. The evaluation of products by stimulus persons is affected by the adaptation-level concept, the contrast-assimilation principle, and balance theory concepts. Discrepant information produces cognitive reorganization and overevaluation. Two experimental groups (n=54) participated in one of two conditions. In one, a white stimulus person appeared as the “artist” of ten drawings; in the second …
Psychology (45 works) · Social Psychology (40 works) · Social Psychology (38 works) · Political science (22 works) · Developmental psychology (17 works) · Law (14 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (14 works) · Law (13 works) · Authoritarianism (10 works) · Politics (10 works)