R Friedman
Biographic Data
| ID | 15481 |
|---|---|
| NAME | R Friedman |
| GIVEN NAMES | R |
| FAMILY NAME | Friedman |
| SIGNATURE | FRIEDMAN R |
| AFFILIATIONS | National Development and Research Institutes |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2083-1226 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 212 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 702 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 212 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1973 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 13 |
Evaluation of the Relationship Between Network Centrality and Individual Sociodemographics and Behaviors Among People Who Inject Drugs
PURPOSE: Understanding the types of individuals and their position in the network may improve interventions for people who inject drugs (PWID). METHODS: From the Transmission Reduction Intervention Project (TRIP), which enrolled PWID and their contacts in Athens, Greece, from 2013 to 2015, we extracted the largest connected component of the network (i.e., the largest group of connected individuals) and identified members who were in the top quart…
HIV-Stigmatizing Beliefs and Attitudes as a Barrier to Early PrEP Care Continuum Engagement Among People Who Inject Drugs
HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective prevention strategy, yet awareness, knowledge, and willingness to use it among people who inject drugs (PWID) remains inadequate despite widespread eligibility. Stigma, particularly HIV-stigmatizing beliefs and attitudes, may be a key barrier to engagement at early stages of the PrEP care continuum. We examine how HIV-stigmatizing beliefs and attitudes affect PrEP awareness, knowledge, and…
Following the power
Development and Validation of a Provider-Specific Anticipated Stigma Scale for People Who Inject Drugs
Stigma in healthcare settings is a critical barrier to HIV prevention and treatment among people who inject drugs (PWID). While previous tools have measured anticipated stigma, few account for the intersectional and provider-specific experiences of PWID-particularly from syringe service programs (SSPs). We developed and validated the Substance Use Anticipated Provider Stigma Scale (SU-APSS), a multidimensional instrument assessing anticipated sti…
Sociohistorical dialectics of HIV and of community health
Evaluation of spill-over effects of antiretroviral treatment on sharing injecting equipment in a sociometric network of people who inject drugs
The evidence on risk compensation due to antiretroviral treatment (ART) use for people, who inject drugs (PWID), is limited. Moreover, interventions, including ART administration, frequently have spill-over effects, i.e., individuals who were not exposed themselves possibly benefit from their connections to those who were exposed. This work aimed to evaluate the causal effects in the presence of spill-over of ART uptake on sharing injecting equip…
Dialectical Processes of Health Framework as an Alternative to Social Determinants of Health Framework
The social determinants of health (SDOH) framework has proven useful for research and practice in addressing the social causes of many health outcomes. However, its limitations may restrict its value as the world undergoes rapid ecological and social change. We argue that SDOH does not adequately incorporate rapidly changing or “far upstream” social processes (particularly social movements), the dialectics of social conflict and creative social i…
Capitalism, the Left, and Nature as it Is
We Didn’t Know What We Were Eating Tomorrow
Most work in political science on class and political ideology is focussed on politicians’ class destination rather than class origins. Yet that is inconsistent with evidence in the case of the United Kingdom that the conditions of someone’s family upbringing do influence their politics. This article revisits the conceptualisation of class background in the current literature by redirecting attention to the sociological concept of class origin. W…
But Switzerland's boring
Many countries are concerned about the migration of top taxpayers. Yet we know little about how economic elites weigh the taxes they pay when deciding where to live. Existing evidence on tax flight is either quantitative or comes from wealthy individuals issuing warnings in the media. Drawing on in-depth interviews with thirty-five individuals in the top 1 per cent of the wealth distribution in the UK, we find a striking stigma attached to tax mi…
The Left is Not Immune
How are cultural tastes stratified? Evidence from library borrowing for the entire population of Denmark
Research shows that cultural tastes are socially stratified. Yet, most of this research relies on small-sample surveys and includes only a few dimensions of stratification. To address these limitations, we analyse registry data on library borrowing for the entire adult population of Denmark and consider four dimensions of social stratification: wealth, education, income, and occupation. We find considerable social stratification in library borrow…
Relationships Among Covid-19-Related Service Uptake, HIV Status, Drug Use, and Covid-19 Antibody Status Among HIV Testing Intervention Participants in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
People living with HIV (PLWH) and people who use drugs are vulnerable populations who may face barriers to accessing health services and may have irregularities in immune function. People with undiagnosed HIV infection may be particularly likely to have compromised immune function. However, research about whether/how HIV status is related to COVID-19-related health outcomes has been equivocal, and research on the predictors of COVID-19-related he…
Changes in Stigma and Social Support among Participants in a Randomized Trial of a Novel Expanded Social Network-based HIV Testing Intervention in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Historical and theoretical roots of the big events framework
What would it really take to solve the overdose epidemic in the United States
Structural Discrimination against and Structural Support for Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People as a Predictor of Late HIV Diagnoses among Black Men who Have Sex with Men
Syndemic factors associated with non-fatal overdose among young opioid users in New York City
Introduction: Rates of illicit opioid use are particularly high among young adults, yet research on overdose experience and factors associated with overdose in this population remains limited. This study examines the experiences and correlates of non-fatal overdose among young adults using illicit opioids in New York City (NYC). Methods: 539 participants were recruited via Respondent-Driven Sampling in 2014-2016. Eligibility criteria included: ag…
I Don’t Believe a Person Has to Die When Trying to Get High
People who inject drugs understood fentanyl to be a potential contaminant in their drug supply and actively engaged in harm reduction techniques to try to prevent overdose. Interventions to increase harm reduction education and information about and access to fentanyl test strips and naloxone would be beneficial
Pilot Testing Two Versions of a Social Network Intervention to Increase HIV Testing and Case-finding among Men in South Africa’s Generalized HIV Epidemic
Locating undiagnosed HIV infections is important for limiting transmission. However, there is limited evidence about how best to do so. In South Africa, men have been particularly challenging to reach for HIV testing due, in part, to stigma. We pilot-tested two versions of a network-based case-finding and care-linkage intervention. The first, TRIP, asked "seeds" (original participants) to recruit their sexual and/or injection partners. The second…
Overall, Direct, Spillover, and Composite Effects of Components of a Peer-Driven Intervention Package on Injection Risk Behavior Among People Who Inject Drugs in the HPTN 037 Study
How the rural risk environment underpins hepatitis C risk
The rural risk environment framework acknowledges the importance of community and structural factors that influence HCV infection and other disease transmission and care. We find that larger structural factors produce vulnerabilities and reduce access to resources, which negatively impact hepatitis C disease outcomes
Emerging Zoonotic Infections, Social Processes and Their Measurement and Enhanced Surveillance to Improve Zoonotic Epidemic Responses
Zoonotic epidemics and pandemics have become frequent. From HIV/AIDS through COVID-19, they demonstrate that pandemics are social processes as well as health occurrences. The roots of these pandemics lie in changes in the socioeconomic interface between humanity and non-human host species that facilitate interspecies transmission. The degree to which zoonoses spread has been increased by the greater speed and extent of modern transportation and t…
The stigma system
Stigma is a fundamental driver of adverse health outcomes. Although stigma is often studied at the individual level to focus on how stigma influences the mental and physical health of the stigmatized, considerable research has shown that stigma is multilevel and structural. This paper proposes a theoretical approach that synthesizes the literature on stigma with the literature on scapegoating and divide‐and‐rule as strategies that the wealthy and…
A Sociology of Empathy and Shared Understandings
There has been a steep rise in overdoses and mortality among people who use opioids or who inject drugs (PWUD), including in North America, the United Kingdom, and parts of Eastern Europe, with some of the sharpest increases amassing in rural communities. Currently, the literature lacks a comparative focus on the views and experiences of rural PWUD and professionals who regularly work and interface with them, in terms of their understandings of t…
The social structural production of HIV risk among injecting drug users
The relevance of drug injectors' social and risk networks for understanding and preventing HIV infection
The cultural currency of a 'good' sense of humour
Traditionally considered lowbrow art par excellence, British comedy has grown steadily in legitimacy since the 'Alternative Comedy Movement' of the early 1980s. Yet while there might be evidence of a transformation in British comic production, there is little understanding of how this has been reflected in patterns of consumption. Indeed, there is a remarkable absence of studies probing comedy taste in British cultural sociology, most notably in …
Sociometric risk networks and risk for HIV infection
OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether networks of drug-injecting and sexual relationships among drug injectors are associated with individual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serostatus and with behavioral likelihood of future infection. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 767 drug injectors in New York City was performed with chain-referral and linking procedures to measure large-scale (sociometric) risk networks. Graph-theoretic algebraic …
Like Skydiving without a Parachute
There is currently widespread concern that access to, and success within, the British acting profession is increasingly dominated by those from privileged class origins. This article seeks to empirically interrogate this claim using data on actors from the Great British Class Survey ( N = 404) and 47 qualitative interviews. First, survey data demonstrate that actors from working-class origins are significantly underrepresented within the professi…
Dynamics of Black Mobilization against Aids in New York City
Dynamics of Black Mobilization against AIDS in New York City Get access Ernest Quimby, Ernest Quimby Correspondence to: Quimby, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Samuel R. Friedman Samuel R. Friedman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Problems, Volume 36, Issue 4, 1 Oc…
Nimby localism and national inequitable exclusion alliances
Structural and Social Contexts of HIV Risk Among African Americans
HIV continues to be transmitted at unacceptably high rates among African Americans, and most HIV-prevention interventions have focused on behavioral change. To theorize additional approaches to HIV prevention among African Americans, we discuss how sexual networks and drug-injection networks are as important as behavior for HIV transmission. We also describe how higher-order social structures and processes, such as residential racial segregation …
Syringe-mediated drug sharing among injecting drug users
Mind the gap
The hidden barriers, or 'gender pay gap', preventing women from earning equivalent incomes to men is well documented. Yet recent research has uncovered that, in Britain, there is also a comparable class-origin pay gap in higher professional and managerial occupations. So far this analysis has only been conducted at the national level and it is not known whether there are regional differences within the UK. This paper uses pooled data from the 201…
Reducing the Risk of Aids Through Methadone Maintenance Treatment
John C. Ball, W. Robert Lange, C. Patrick Myers, Samuel R. Friedman, Reducing the Risk of AIDS Through Methadone Maintenance Treatment, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 29, No. 3 (Sep., 1988), pp. 214-226
Stigmatize the use, not the user? Attitudes on opioid use, drug injection, treatment, and overdose prevention in rural communities
Public awareness of Aids in Rwanda
Network Mixing and Network Influences Most Linked to HIV Infection and Risk Behavior in the HIV Epidemic Among Black Men Who Have Sex With Men
Objectives. We evaluated network mixing and influences by network members upon Black men who have sex with men. Methods. We conducted separate social and sexual network mixing analyses to determine the degree of mixing on risk behaviors (e.g., unprotected anal intercourse [UAI]). We used logistic regression to assess the association between a network “enabler” (would not disapprove of the respondent’s behavior) and respondent behavior. Results. A…
The stigma system
Stigma is a fundamental driver of adverse health outcomes. Although stigma is often studied at the individual level to focus on how stigma influences the mental and physical health of the stigmatized, considerable research has shown that stigma is multilevel and structural. This paper proposes a theoretical approach that synthesizes the literature on stigma with the literature on scapegoating and divide‐and‐rule as strategies that the wealthy and…
Discrimination, drugs, and alcohol among Latina/os in Brooklyn, New York
Regulating controversial programs for unpopular people
One third of all cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States are associated with the injection of illicit drugs. There is mounting evidence for the effectiveness of syringe exchange programs in reducing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk behavior and HIV transmission among injection drug users. Expansion of syringe exchange would require increased public funding and undoubtedly would include government regulat…
Reduced risk of hepatitis B and hepatitis C among injection drug users in the Tacoma syringe exchange program
OBJECTIVES. This case-control study examined the association between syringe exchange use and hepatitis B and C in injection drug users. METHODS. Case patients included 28 injection drug users with acute hepatitis B and 20 with acute hepatitis C reported to the health department in a sentinel hepatitis surveillance county; control subjects were injection drug users with no markers of exposure to hepatitis B or C (n = 38 and 26, respectively) atte…
Network dynamics of HIV risk and prevention in a population-based cohort of young Black men who have sex with men
Critical to the development of improved HIV elimination efforts is a greater understanding of how social networks and their dynamics are related to HIV risk and prevention. In this paper, we examine network stability of confidant and sexual networks among young black men who have sex with men (YBMSM). We use data from uConnect (2013–2016), a population-based, longitudinal cohort study. We use an innovative approach to measure both sexual and conf…
Temporal Trends in Spatial Access to Pharmacies that Sell Over-the-Counter Syringes in New York City Health Districts
HIV Incidence Among Injection Drug Users in New York City, 1990 to 2002
Objectives. We sought to estimate HIV incidence among injection drug users (IDUs) in New York City from 1990 to 2002 to assess the impact of an expansion of syringe exchange services. Syringe exchange increased greatly during this period, from 250000 to 3000000 syringes exchanged annually. Methods. Serum samples were obtained from serial cross-sectional surveys of 3651 IDUs. HIV-positive samples were tested with the Serologic Test Algorithm for R…
Shooting galleries and Aids
The paper by Marquis, et al,21 in this issue of the Journal exemplifies this new activity in collaborative social and behavioral epidemiologic research. Working as a team in a peri-urban shanty town in Lima, the authors combined four research approaches to demonstrate that uncorralled chick- ens were responsible for much fecal contamination of house- hold areas, that fecal specimens from these birds contained viable Campylobacter jejuni (an impor…
Residential Segregation and Injection Drug Use Prevalence Among Black Adults in US Metropolitan Areas
Objectives. We analyzed the relations of two 1990 dimensions of racial residential segregation (isolation and concentration) with 1998 injection drug use prevalence among Black adult residents of 93 large US metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs). Methods. We estimated injection drug use prevalence among Black adults in each MSA by analyzing 3 databases documenting injection drug users’ encounters with the health care system. Multiple linear regre…
Aids and Legal Access to Sterile Drug Injection Equipment
Legal access to sterile injection equipment has been a primary strategy for preventing the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) among persons who inject illicit drugs in almost all developed countries. This strategy has remained highly controversial in the United States, with only a small number of localities adopting it. This article reviews different techniques of providing legal access—over-the-counter sales and syringe exchanges—researc…
Incarceration, Sex With an STI- or HIV-Infected Partner, and Infection With an STI or HIV in Bushwick, Brooklyn, NY
Objectives. We examined the link between incarceration and sexually transmitted infection (STI), including HIV, from a social network perspective. Methods. We used data collected during a social network study conducted in Brooklyn, NY (n = 343), to measure associations between incarceration and infection with herpes simplex virus-2, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis or HIV and sex with an infected partner, adjusting for characteristics of respon…
Perspectives on the American Student Movement
The sources of student discontent are the major concern of this paper. It is argued that a major source of this discontent is the alienation (in the Marxist sense) of intellectual labor. Arguments that point to the growth of the multiversity and to the growth of a “liberated generation” are shown to be compatible with and subsumed by this approach. Arguments that point to general political and social issues as the main causes of student unrest ar…
Social Change and Rank and File Newspapers
An Alternative Model to Szymanski's
Beiträge zur Wissenssoziologie, Beiträge zur Religionssoziologie / Contributions to the Sociology of Knowledge Contributions to the Sociology of Religion
Changes in the Trucking Industry and the Teamsters Union
The Petty Bourgeoisie, Social Unrest, And the Working Class an Analysis of Class Disappearance and its Effects on Social Unrest and the Community
Which Side Are You On? The Brookside Mine Strike in Harlan County, Kentucky, 1973-1974
Game Theory and Labor Conflict
Game theory is a type of rational decisionmaking model. As such, it assumes well-defined actors who know they are in conflict, know their strategic options, and have stable evaluations of possible outcomes. Furthermore, it is ahistorical. These assumptions severely limit the theory, particularly in its application to labor conflict. Evidence is presented that labor conflict is an historically-shaped process in which sides are not always clearly d…
Structure, Process, and the Labor Market
Teamster Rank and File
Steel, Steelworkers, and Gender
Segmentation and Impoverished Youth
Thoughts about Social Science and Aids
Aids and Self-Organization among Intravenous Drug Users
Gays and intravenous (i.v.) drug users are the two largest risk groups for AIDS. Gays, unlike drug users, have formed many organizations to deal with AIDS. Data are presented indicating that gay individuals have more risk-reducing behavioral changes than have i.v. drug users. It is also shown that i.v. drug users are more likely to protect themselves if their acquaintances do so. It is suggested that collective self-organization can lead to peer …
Aids Prevention among IV Drug Users
Don C. Des Jarlais, Samuel R. Friedman, AIDS Prevention among IV Drug Users: Potential Conflicts between Research Design and Ethics, IRB: Ethics & Human Research, Vol. 9, No. 1 (Jan. - Feb., 1987), pp. 6-8
Public awareness of Aids in Rwanda
The psychology of preventing Aids among intravenous drug users
The psychology of preventing Aids among intravenous drug users
Needle sharing among Ivdus at risk for Aids
Needle sharing among IVDUs at risk for AIDS. D C Des Jarlais, and S R FriedmanCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.78.11.1498 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Reducing the Risk of Aids Through Methadone Maintenance Treatment
John C. Ball, W. Robert Lange, C. Patrick Myers, Samuel R. Friedman, Reducing the Risk of AIDS Through Methadone Maintenance Treatment, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, Vol. 29, No. 3 (Sep., 1988), pp. 214-226
Dynamics of Black Mobilization against Aids in New York City
Dynamics of Black Mobilization against AIDS in New York City Get access Ernest Quimby, Ernest Quimby Correspondence to: Quimby, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Samuel R. Friedman Samuel R. Friedman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Problems, Volume 36, Issue 4, 1 Oc…
Shooting galleries and Aids
The paper by Marquis, et al,21 in this issue of the Journal exemplifies this new activity in collaborative social and behavioral epidemiologic research. Working as a team in a peri-urban shanty town in Lima, the authors combined four research approaches to demonstrate that uncorralled chick- ens were responsible for much fecal contamination of house- hold areas, that fecal specimens from these birds contained viable Campylobacter jejuni (an impor…
Impact of Aids on Puerto Rican Intravenous Drug Users
This article examines HIV risk for Hispanics, particularly Puerto Ricans who are intravenous (IV) drug users. First, national statistics on AIDS cases as well as major epidemiological studies are analyzed to establish risk, in general, for Hispanics. There are epidemiological differences when the authors compare ethnic minority groups to whites in the incidence of the disease, the relative importance of transmission routes, and the length of surv…
HIV among drug injectors
(1991). HIV among drug injectors: The epidemic and the response. AIDS Care: Vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 239-250
Studies of HIV/Aids and injecting drug use
Medicine (156 works) · HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk (137 works) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (92 works) · Sociology (91 works) · Psychology (81 works) · Psychiatry (74 works) · Environmental health (72 works) · Demography (67 works) · Political science (61 works) · Family medicine (54 works)