G A Stevens
Biographic Data
| ID | 156461 |
|---|---|
| NAME | G A Stevens |
| GIVEN NAMES | G A |
| FAMILY NAME | Stevens |
| SIGNATURE | STEVENS G A |
| AFFILIATIONS | World Health Organization |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0950-0725 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 31 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 6 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 31 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1930 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
National, regional, and global trends in insufficient physical activity among adults from 2000 to 2022
BACKGROUND: Insufficient physical activity increases the risk of non-communicable diseases, poor physical and cognitive function, weight gain, and mental ill-health. Global prevalence of adult insufficient physical activity was last published for 2016, with limited trend data. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of insufficient physical activity for 197 countries and territories, from 2000 to 2022. METHODS: We collated physical activity reported …
Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022
BACKGROUND: Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. METHODS: ). For school-aged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI 2 SD above the median). FINDINGS: From 1990 to 20…
Micronutrient deficiencies among preschool-aged children and women of reproductive age worldwide
BACKGROUND: Micronutrient deficiencies compromise immune systems, hinder child growth and development, and affect human potential worldwide. Yet, to our knowledge, the only existing estimate of the global prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies is from over 30 years ago and is based only on the prevalence of anaemia. We aimed to estimate the global and regional prevalence of deficiency in at least one of three micronutrients among preschool-aged…
Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019
BACKGROUND: Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. METHODS: We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blo…
Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories
BACKGROUND: Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. METHODS: For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease …
Global trends in insufficient physical activity among adolescents
BACKGROUND: Physical activity has many health benefits for young people. In 2018, WHO launched More Active People for a Healthier World, a new global action on physical activity, including new targets of a 15% relative reduction of global prevalence of insufficient physical activity by 2030 among adolescents and adults. We describe current prevalence and trends of insufficient physical activity among school-going adolescents aged 11-17 years by c…
World Health Organization cardiovascular disease risk charts
BACKGROUND: To help adapt cardiovascular disease risk prediction approaches to low-income and middle-income countries, WHO has convened an effort to develop, evaluate, and illustrate revised risk models. Here, we report the derivation, validation, and illustration of the revised WHO cardiovascular disease risk prediction charts that have been adapted to the circumstances of 21 global regions. METHODS: In this model revision initiative, we derived…
The epidemiological burden of obesity in childhood
National, regional, and worldwide estimates of low birthweight in 2015, with trends from 2000
BACKGROUND: Low birthweight (LBW) of less than 2500 g is an important marker of maternal and fetal health, predicting mortality, stunting, and adult-onset chronic conditions. Global nutrition targets set at the World Health Assembly in 2012 include an ambitious 30% reduction in LBW prevalence between 2012 and 2025. Estimates to track progress towards this target are lacking; with this analysis, we aim to assist in setting a baseline against which…
Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities 1,2 . This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity 3–6 . Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean B…
Monitoring universal health coverage within the Sustainable Development Goals
BACKGROUND: Achieving universal health coverage, including quality essential service coverage and financial protection for all, is target 3.8 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). As a result, an index of essential health service coverage indicators was selected by the UN as SDG indicator 3.8.1. We have developed an index for measuring SDG 3.8.1, describe methods for compiling the index, and report baseline results for 2015. METHODS: 16 tra…
NCD Countdown 2030
Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016
BACKGROUND: Insufficient physical activity is a leading risk factor for non-communicable diseases, and has a negative effect on mental health and quality of life. We describe levels of insufficient physical activity across countries, and estimate global and regional trends. METHODS: We pooled data from population-based surveys reporting the prevalence of insufficient physical activity, which included physical activity at work, at home, for transp…
Educational Significance of Indigenous African Art
In art of any value there is a direct connexion between inspiration and formal beauty. Primitive art is the most pure, most sincere form of art there can be, partly because it is deeply inspired by religious ideas and spiritual experience, and partly because it is entirely unselfconscious as art; there are no tricks which can be acquired by the unworthy. Those who are engaged in educational practice in West Africa may feel that this book is of li…
Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015
BACKGROUND: Raised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. METHODS: For this analysis, we pooled national, subnational, or comm…
Reporting of health estimates prior to Gather
BACKGROUND: Generating estimates of health indicators at the global, regional, and country levels is increasingly in demand in order to meet reporting requirements for global and country targets, such as the sustainable development goals (SDGs). However, such estimates are sensitive to availability of input data, underlying analytic assumptions, variability in statistical techniques, and often have important limitations. From a user perspective, …
Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting
Measurements of health indicators are rarely available for every population and period of interest, and available data may not be comparable. The Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER) define best reporting practices for studies that calculate health estimates for multiple populations (in time or space) using multiple information sources. Health estimates that fall within the scope of GATHER include all quanti…
Causes of international increases in older age life expectancy
Global, regional, and national trends in haemoglobin concentration and prevalence of total and severe anaemia in children and pregnant and non-pregnant women for 1995–2011
BACKGROUND: Low haemoglobin concentrations and anaemia are important risk factors for the health and development of women and children. We estimated trends in the distributions of haemoglobin concentration and in the prevalence of anaemia and severe anaemia in young children and pregnant and non-pregnant women between 1995 and 2011. METHODS: We obtained data about haemoglobin and anaemia for children aged 6-59 months and women of childbearing age…
National, Regional, and Global Trends in Infertility Prevalence Since 1990
BACKGROUND: Global, regional, and national estimates of prevalence of and tends in infertility are needed to target prevention and treatment efforts. By applying a consistent algorithm to demographic and reproductive surveys available from developed and developing countries, we estimate infertility prevalence and trends, 1990 to 2010, by country and region. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We accessed and analyzed household survey data from 277 demographic …
National, regional, and global trends in adult overweight and obesity prevalences
Trends in mild, moderate, and severe stunting and underweight, and progress towards MDG 1 in 141 developing countries
The weight of nations
Increasing population fatness could have the same implications for world food energy demands as an extra half a billion people living on the earth
National, regional, and global trends in fasting plasma glucose and diabetes prevalence since 1980
National, regional, and global trends in body-mass index since 1980
BACKGROUND: Excess bodyweight is a major public health concern. However, few worldwide comparative analyses of long-term trends of body-mass index (BMI) have been done, and none have used recent national health examination surveys. We estimated worldwide trends in population mean BMI. METHODS: We estimated trends and their uncertainties of mean BMI for adults 20 years and older in 199 countries and territories. We obtained data from published and…
The Future of African Art with Special Reference to Problems Arising in Gold Coast Colony
Opening ParagraphThe Education Code of 1887 provided for the teaching of art subjects as they were understood in South Kensington at that time-the age of Froebel and Slojd: the aim seems to have been the vague one of 'hand-and-eye training'. But the purpose for which hand and eye were to be trained does not appear clearly in its instructions, and I am perfectly certain that the bulk of teachers of the older generation do not know of one. One cann…
Evaluation of Healing by Gentle Touch for the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Disorders
The Centre for Complementary Care, Eskdale, Cumbria, United Kingdom, has a reputation for improving the health and quality of life of its patients1,2 through healing by gentle touch3 and receives many referrals from health professionals in an area of rural and urban social deprivation, poor health, high unemployment, and poverty. Healing is used alone or in addition to medical or other treatment modalities. In 1996, a North Cumbria Health Authori…
The Future of African Art with Special Reference to Problems Arising in Gold Coast Colony
Opening ParagraphThe Education Code of 1887 provided for the teaching of art subjects as they were understood in South Kensington at that time-the age of Froebel and Slojd: the aim seems to have been the vague one of 'hand-and-eye training'. But the purpose for which hand and eye were to be trained does not appear clearly in its instructions, and I am perfectly certain that the bulk of teachers of the older generation do not know of one. One cann…
Evaluation of Healing by Gentle Touch for the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Disorders
The Centre for Complementary Care, Eskdale, Cumbria, United Kingdom, has a reputation for improving the health and quality of life of its patients1,2 through healing by gentle touch3 and receives many referrals from health professionals in an area of rural and urban social deprivation, poor health, high unemployment, and poverty. Healing is used alone or in addition to medical or other treatment modalities. In 1996, a North Cumbria Health Authori…
Weze Et Al. Respond
We are grateful for Edzard Ernst’s interest in our recent brief paper on healing by gentle touch and for opportunity to respond to his criticisms. He is correct to advocate caution in the interpretation of outcomes of “open” trials and to argue for scientific rigor in clinical trials, and we were circumspect in the interpretation of our findings. First, he asserts that our study was of spiritual healing, but that is not how we described it. Space…
The Conquest of Ainu Lands
Monitoring and surveillance of chronic non-communicable diseases
National, regional, and global trends in fasting plasma glucose and diabetes prevalence since 1980
National, regional, and global trends in body-mass index since 1980
BACKGROUND: Excess bodyweight is a major public health concern. However, few worldwide comparative analyses of long-term trends of body-mass index (BMI) have been done, and none have used recent national health examination surveys. We estimated worldwide trends in population mean BMI. METHODS: We estimated trends and their uncertainties of mean BMI for adults 20 years and older in 199 countries and territories. We obtained data from published and…
O5-3.1 Global, regional and national trends in metabolic risk factors of chronic diseases
Introduction Information on levels and trends of risk factors is essential for policy making. However, very few comprehensive and consistent global estimates are available. We collected a global database of population level summaries of systolic blood pressure (SBP), body mass index (BMI), serum total cholesterol (TC) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and estimated levels and trends since 1980. Methods For each risk factor, we searched for publish…
National, Regional, and Global Trends in Infertility Prevalence Since 1990
BACKGROUND: Global, regional, and national estimates of prevalence of and tends in infertility are needed to target prevention and treatment efforts. By applying a consistent algorithm to demographic and reproductive surveys available from developed and developing countries, we estimate infertility prevalence and trends, 1990 to 2010, by country and region. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We accessed and analyzed household survey data from 277 demographic …
National, regional, and global trends in adult overweight and obesity prevalences
Trends in mild, moderate, and severe stunting and underweight, and progress towards MDG 1 in 141 developing countries
The weight of nations
Increasing population fatness could have the same implications for world food energy demands as an extra half a billion people living on the earth
Global, regional, and national trends in haemoglobin concentration and prevalence of total and severe anaemia in children and pregnant and non-pregnant women for 1995–2011
BACKGROUND: Low haemoglobin concentrations and anaemia are important risk factors for the health and development of women and children. We estimated trends in the distributions of haemoglobin concentration and in the prevalence of anaemia and severe anaemia in young children and pregnant and non-pregnant women between 1995 and 2011. METHODS: We obtained data about haemoglobin and anaemia for children aged 6-59 months and women of childbearing age…
Causes of international increases in older age life expectancy
Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting
Measurements of health indicators are rarely available for every population and period of interest, and available data may not be comparable. The Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER) define best reporting practices for studies that calculate health estimates for multiple populations (in time or space) using multiple information sources. Health estimates that fall within the scope of GATHER include all quanti…
Worldwide trends in blood pressure from 1975 to 2015
BACKGROUND: Raised blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. We estimated worldwide trends in mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of, and number of people with, raised blood pressure, defined as systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. METHODS: For this analysis, we pooled national, subnational, or comm…
Reporting of health estimates prior to Gather
BACKGROUND: Generating estimates of health indicators at the global, regional, and country levels is increasingly in demand in order to meet reporting requirements for global and country targets, such as the sustainable development goals (SDGs). However, such estimates are sensitive to availability of input data, underlying analytic assumptions, variability in statistical techniques, and often have important limitations. From a user perspective, …
Monitoring universal health coverage within the Sustainable Development Goals
BACKGROUND: Achieving universal health coverage, including quality essential service coverage and financial protection for all, is target 3.8 of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). As a result, an index of essential health service coverage indicators was selected by the UN as SDG indicator 3.8.1. We have developed an index for measuring SDG 3.8.1, describe methods for compiling the index, and report baseline results for 2015. METHODS: 16 tra…
NCD Countdown 2030
Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016
BACKGROUND: Insufficient physical activity is a leading risk factor for non-communicable diseases, and has a negative effect on mental health and quality of life. We describe levels of insufficient physical activity across countries, and estimate global and regional trends. METHODS: We pooled data from population-based surveys reporting the prevalence of insufficient physical activity, which included physical activity at work, at home, for transp…
Educational Significance of Indigenous African Art
In art of any value there is a direct connexion between inspiration and formal beauty. Primitive art is the most pure, most sincere form of art there can be, partly because it is deeply inspired by religious ideas and spiritual experience, and partly because it is entirely unselfconscious as art; there are no tricks which can be acquired by the unworthy. Those who are engaged in educational practice in West Africa may feel that this book is of li…
World Health Organization cardiovascular disease risk charts
BACKGROUND: To help adapt cardiovascular disease risk prediction approaches to low-income and middle-income countries, WHO has convened an effort to develop, evaluate, and illustrate revised risk models. Here, we report the derivation, validation, and illustration of the revised WHO cardiovascular disease risk prediction charts that have been adapted to the circumstances of 21 global regions. METHODS: In this model revision initiative, we derived…
The epidemiological burden of obesity in childhood
National, regional, and worldwide estimates of low birthweight in 2015, with trends from 2000
BACKGROUND: Low birthweight (LBW) of less than 2500 g is an important marker of maternal and fetal health, predicting mortality, stunting, and adult-onset chronic conditions. Global nutrition targets set at the World Health Assembly in 2012 include an ambitious 30% reduction in LBW prevalence between 2012 and 2025. Estimates to track progress towards this target are lacking; with this analysis, we aim to assist in setting a baseline against which…
Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities 1,2 . This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity 3–6 . Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean B…
Medicine (28 works) · Environmental health (25 works) · Population (22 works) · Demography (18 works) · Geography (11 works) · Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet (11 works) · Child Nutrition and Water Access (8 works) · Gerontology (8 works) · Body mass index (7 works) · Sociology (7 works)