C Lalueza Fox
Biographic Data
| ID | 160607 |
|---|---|
| NAME | C Lalueza Fox |
| GIVEN NAMES | C Lalueza |
| FAMILY NAME | Fox |
| SIGNATURE | FOX C L |
| AFFILIATIONS | Keele University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4329-4056 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 32 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 165 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 32 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1992 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Teachers’ perceptions and experiences of delivering LGBTQ+ inclusive Relationships and Sex Education (RSE) in England
Relationships and Sex Education (RSE) guidance for schools in England outlines the ‘compulsory’ teaching of LGBTQ+ identities. This study aimed to investigate teachers’ perceptions and experiences of delivering the curriculum. In total, 72 teachers in England responded to an online survey. Responses to the closed survey questions indicated variability in terms of having access to adequate resources and training, feeling confident, and having adeq…
Shakespeare’s violence and the use of content warnings in UK secondary schools
The use of content warnings in English literature education, particularly for canonical texts such as the plays of Shakespeare, has sparked debate, yet little is known about how secondary-school-aged students themselves feel about them. This study addresses this gap by surveying 310 students from four English schools and sixth-form colleges and conducting focus groups with 39 sixth-form students. Findings showed that few students had encountered …
Humor styles in the classroom
Previous research has shown that humor can have an impact on people’s interpersonal relationships and the way they are perceived by others. In addition, it has been suggested that use of humor by teachers can be positive, but also negative. The aim of the research was to examine students’ perceptions of lecturers described as using different ‘humor styles.’ Using an online study, a sample of undergraduate students ( n = 201) were presented with o…
Primary-secondary school transition under Covid-19
The transition from primary to secondary school is a major life event for eleven-year-old children in the United Kingdom, where they face simultaneous changes. Following the outbreak of Covid-19, transfer children face additional uncertainty on top of this. Negotiation of the multiple challenges, combined with the reduced support associated with Covid-19, could have a negative impact on children's school adjustment and mental health. Given the ra…
What emotional‐centred challenges do children attending special schools face over primary–secondary school transition
Primary–secondary school transition encompasses multiple social, academic and environmental changes which can negatively impact children’s emotional well‐being. Children with Social, Emotional and Mental Health difficulties (SEMH) are believed to be especially vulnerable during this time. However, the voices of children with SEMH are heavily underrepresented in this field within practice and research. The present case study examined how children …
Children’s perceptions of others’ humor
Research suggests that those using adaptive forms of humor are perceived more positively compared to those using maladaptive forms of humor. Research of this nature, however, is yet to consider children. The present research involved presenting 357 children aged 9–11 years, with one of eight vignettes portraying either a male or female child using one of the four humor styles: affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, and self-defeating. Participa…
Young people’s perceptions of the ‘Love Hurts’ programme
Domestic abuse prevention education programmes have been found to be effective in bringing about attitudinal and behavioural change. However, there is limited research on theatre‐based interventions developed in the UK. This study aimed to assess pupils’ responses to a theatre production called ‘Love Hurts’. A mixed‐methods approach, which incorporated an online survey and focus groups, was used to understand the pupils’ perceptions of the play. …
You're in this world now
BackgroundPrimary-secondary school transition is a major life event for 11-year-old children in the United Kingdom and can also be a stressful period for parents and teachers. However, most research focuses on the impact of transition on children's academic performance and social well-being and we have a limited understanding of their emotional experiences in the lead up to and during the transition, from the perspective of key stakeholders: stud…
Student anti-bullying and harassment policies at UK universities
This article provides the first analysis of all available UK university anti-bullying policies, summarising, comparing, and contrasting the content of policies acquired from university websites. The importance of anti-bullying policies is known from policy research in schools and workplaces but has previously not been investigated in Higher Education. A new coding framework and guidelines were developed to enable our analysis, and universities we…
The development of a humor styles questionnaire for younger children
Despite the adaptation of the humor styles questionnaire for older children a measure suitable for children below the age of eleven was needed. The current research involved three separate studies leading to the creation of the humor styles questionnaire for younger children (HSQ-Y), suitable for those aged 8–11 years. Study one involved the development of a measure to assess aggressive and affiliative humor. Subsequently, study two involved the …
Domestic abuse prevention education
This paper reports on findings derived as part of a two-year project funded by the European Union's Daphne III scheme, involving collaboration between seven partner organisations across six European countries. The project involved an evaluation, using questionnaires and focus groups, of domestic abuse prevention education programmes delivered in schools in the UK, France and Spain. This paper presents the findings from the UK focus group discussi…
This is Abuse… Or is it? Domestic abuse perpetrators’ responses to anti-domestic violence publicity
Social marketing has become a key component of policy initiatives aimed at reducing the incidence of domestic abuse. However, its efficacy remains debated, with most measures of effectiveness being somewhat crude. More subtle effects of social marketing, such as the boomerang effect whereby the message engenders the opposite effect to that intended, have been detected, suggesting a need for modes of analysis sensitive to the multiple ways in whic…
The Relationship Between Peer Victimization and Children's Humor Styles
This study assessed the concurrent and prospective (fall to spring) associations between peer victimization and four humor styles, two of which are adaptive (affiliative and self‐enhancing) and two maladaptive (aggressive and self‐defeating). Participants were 1234 adolescents (52 percent female) aged 11–13 years, drawn from six secondary schools in E ngland. Self‐reports and peer reports of peer victimization were collected, as were self‐reports…
Does the gender of the bully/victim dyad and the type of bullying influence children's responses to a bullying incident
Children's responses to bullying are context related; they will vary depending on the specific bullying episode. The aim of the present study was to explore whether children's responses to bullying vary depending on the gender of the bully and victim and the type of bullying portrayed. In total, 437 children aged 9-11 years from four primary schools in the UK took part in the study. Each child read a story about one child bullying another. There …
Young teenagers' experiences of domestic abuse
This article reports on the first findings from the Boys to Men Research Project. In total, 1143 pupils aged 13–14 years completed a questionnaire to assess their experiences of domestic abuse as victims, witnesses and perpetrators. Overall, 45% of pupils who had been in a dating relationship reported having been victimised, 25% having perpetrated it, with the only difference in rates of victimisation and perpetration between boys and girls being…
Development of a Humor Styles Questionnaire for children
The adult Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) assumes that humor can be both adaptive (“self-enhancing” and “affiliative”) and maladaptive (“aggressive” and “self-defeating”). The aim of the research was to develop a reliable and valid scale to assess adaptive and maladaptive humor in children – an adaptation of the adult HSQ. Over two studies, 1187 UK school children aged 9–15 years completed the 24-item adapted child HSQ. In the second study the c…
Gender differences in the relationships between bullying at school and unhealthy eating and shape-related attitudes and behaviours
Background. Previous research has found links between being a victim of bullying and reporting more unhealthy eating behaviours and cognitions, particularly in girls. However, little is known about the factors that might mediate these relationships. Aim. The present study compared the relationships between bullying, emotional adjustment, restrained eating, and body dissatisfaction in adolescent boys and girls. Sample/method. Self-report data were…
The association between adolescents' beliefs in a just world and their attitudes to victims of bullying
BackgroundResearch which has investigated children's attitudes to bullying has found that the majority of children display anti-bullying attitudes. However, a small minority of children do appear to admire the bully and lack sympathy for victims of bullying. The just world belief theory has received a great deal of attention in recent years with evidence emerging in support of a two-dimensional model distinguishing between beliefs in a just world…
Friendship as a moderator of the relationship between social skills problems and peer victimisation
Previous research, primarily in North America, has found that individual factors (e.g., ‘internalising problems’) and social factors (e.g., friendship) interact to influence children's levels of peer victimisation. Some research has found that the identity of children's friends and friendship quality (as ‘protective factors’) are more important than the sheer number of friends. However, studies have produced conflicting findings. A peer nominatio…
The social skills problems of victims of bullying
Background. A small number of prior studies have found that victims of school bullying tend to exhibit poor social skills. Few of these have examined this issue from multiple perspectives, and there has been a focus on a restricted range of social skills.Aims. To determine the extent to which self, peers, and teachers regard victims as having poorer social skills than non-victims across 20 behaviours/competencies.Sample. A convenience sample of 3…
Clarity Across the Disciplines
Computer-based readability measures were used to examine the clarity of texts written in the sciences, the social sciences, and the arts and humanities. Five studies examined texts that were written in these different disciplines for different audiences, moving from fellow researchers to students and the general public. Readability increased across these genres until it reached an asymptote. In several cases, the scientific texts used shorter sen…
Assessing the mock viva
Many postgraduate students in Britain experience a ‘mock’ viva some time before their ‘real’ one, but little has been published on this aspect of gaining a Ph.D. or professional doctorate. In this study questionnaire data on the experiences and feelings of 29 UK postgraduate students concerning their mock vivas are summarized. The results suggest that there are considerable disparities in procedures within and across institutions, and that studen…
III. Gendered Discourses in Musically `Talented' Adolescent Females' Construction of Self
MtDNA analysis in ancient Nubians supports the existence of gene flow between sub-Sahara and North Africa in the Nile valley
The Hpal (np3,592) mitochondrial DNA marker is a selectively neutral mutation that is very common in sub-Saharan Africa and is almost absent in North African and European populations. It has been screened in a Meroitic sample from ancient Nubia through PCR amplification and posterior enzyme digestion, to evaluate the sub-Saharan genetic influences in this population. From 29 individuals analysed, only 15 yield positive amplifications, four of the…
Ancient DNA studies and new bioethic problems
The diet of the Neanderthal Child Gibraltar 2 (Devil's Tower) through the study of the vestibular striation pattern
Dietary Information through the Examination of Plant Phytoliths on the Enamel Surface of Human Dentition
Cutmarks andpost-mortem striations in fossil human teeth
Friendship as a moderator of the relationship between social skills problems and peer victimisation
Previous research, primarily in North America, has found that individual factors (e.g., ‘internalising problems’) and social factors (e.g., friendship) interact to influence children's levels of peer victimisation. Some research has found that the identity of children's friends and friendship quality (as ‘protective factors’) are more important than the sheer number of friends. However, studies have produced conflicting findings. A peer nominatio…
Craniometric analysis in groups from tierra del Fuego/Patagonia and the peopling of the south extreme of the Americas
Young teenagers' experiences of domestic abuse
This article reports on the first findings from the Boys to Men Research Project. In total, 1143 pupils aged 13–14 years completed a questionnaire to assess their experiences of domestic abuse as victims, witnesses and perpetrators. Overall, 45% of pupils who had been in a dating relationship reported having been victimised, 25% having perpetrated it, with the only difference in rates of victimisation and perpetration between boys and girls being…
Gender differences in the relationships between bullying at school and unhealthy eating and shape-related attitudes and behaviours
Background. Previous research has found links between being a victim of bullying and reporting more unhealthy eating behaviours and cognitions, particularly in girls. However, little is known about the factors that might mediate these relationships. Aim. The present study compared the relationships between bullying, emotional adjustment, restrained eating, and body dissatisfaction in adolescent boys and girls. Sample/method. Self-report data were…
The association between adolescents' beliefs in a just world and their attitudes to victims of bullying
BackgroundResearch which has investigated children's attitudes to bullying has found that the majority of children display anti-bullying attitudes. However, a small minority of children do appear to admire the bully and lack sympathy for victims of bullying. The just world belief theory has received a great deal of attention in recent years with evidence emerging in support of a two-dimensional model distinguishing between beliefs in a just world…
The social skills problems of victims of bullying
Background. A small number of prior studies have found that victims of school bullying tend to exhibit poor social skills. Few of these have examined this issue from multiple perspectives, and there has been a focus on a restricted range of social skills.Aims. To determine the extent to which self, peers, and teachers regard victims as having poorer social skills than non-victims across 20 behaviours/competencies.Sample. A convenience sample of 3…
You're in this world now
BackgroundPrimary-secondary school transition is a major life event for 11-year-old children in the United Kingdom and can also be a stressful period for parents and teachers. However, most research focuses on the impact of transition on children's academic performance and social well-being and we have a limited understanding of their emotional experiences in the lead up to and during the transition, from the perspective of key stakeholders: stud…
Clarity Across the Disciplines
Computer-based readability measures were used to examine the clarity of texts written in the sciences, the social sciences, and the arts and humanities. Five studies examined texts that were written in these different disciplines for different audiences, moving from fellow researchers to students and the general public. Readability increased across these genres until it reached an asymptote. In several cases, the scientific texts used shorter sen…
Information obtained from the microscopic examination of cultural striations in human dentition
The surfaces of teeth from some fossil remains and archaeological samples have been examined by SEM, in order to study different types of cultural striations and to determine the archaeological information that these striations can provide. Different patterns of cultural striations are present in human samples from different sites and periods. Similar cultural striations can be interpreted in different ways, depending on the tooth in which they a…
Student anti-bullying and harassment policies at UK universities
This article provides the first analysis of all available UK university anti-bullying policies, summarising, comparing, and contrasting the content of policies acquired from university websites. The importance of anti-bullying policies is known from policy research in schools and workplaces but has previously not been investigated in Higher Education. A new coding framework and guidelines were developed to enable our analysis, and universities we…
Development of a Humor Styles Questionnaire for children
The adult Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) assumes that humor can be both adaptive (“self-enhancing” and “affiliative”) and maladaptive (“aggressive” and “self-defeating”). The aim of the research was to develop a reliable and valid scale to assess adaptive and maladaptive humor in children – an adaptation of the adult HSQ. Over two studies, 1187 UK school children aged 9–15 years completed the 24-item adapted child HSQ. In the second study the c…
Differences in the Striaton Pattern in individuals with Unilateral Buccal Pathologies
A sample of individuals with different unilateral pathologies affecting the masticatory apparatus has been studied. Replicas of the same teeth (first or second molar) on both sides have been obtained and observed by SEM. The number, length and orientation of buccal striations have been determined for each individual. Differences in the microwear pattern have been observed between pathological sides. Each individual displays a particular striation…
Primary-secondary school transition under Covid-19
The transition from primary to secondary school is a major life event for eleven-year-old children in the United Kingdom, where they face simultaneous changes. Following the outbreak of Covid-19, transfer children face additional uncertainty on top of this. Negotiation of the multiple challenges, combined with the reduced support associated with Covid-19, could have a negative impact on children's school adjustment and mental health. Given the ra…
The Relationship Between Peer Victimization and Children's Humor Styles
This study assessed the concurrent and prospective (fall to spring) associations between peer victimization and four humor styles, two of which are adaptive (affiliative and self‐enhancing) and two maladaptive (aggressive and self‐defeating). Participants were 1234 adolescents (52 percent female) aged 11–13 years, drawn from six secondary schools in E ngland. Self‐reports and peer reports of peer victimization were collected, as were self‐reports…
Does the gender of the bully/victim dyad and the type of bullying influence children's responses to a bullying incident
Children's responses to bullying are context related; they will vary depending on the specific bullying episode. The aim of the present study was to explore whether children's responses to bullying vary depending on the gender of the bully and victim and the type of bullying portrayed. In total, 437 children aged 9-11 years from four primary schools in the UK took part in the study. Each child read a story about one child bullying another. There …
Children’s perceptions of others’ humor
Research suggests that those using adaptive forms of humor are perceived more positively compared to those using maladaptive forms of humor. Research of this nature, however, is yet to consider children. The present research involved presenting 357 children aged 9–11 years, with one of eight vignettes portraying either a male or female child using one of the four humor styles: affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, and self-defeating. Participa…
The development of a humor styles questionnaire for younger children
Despite the adaptation of the humor styles questionnaire for older children a measure suitable for children below the age of eleven was needed. The current research involved three separate studies leading to the creation of the humor styles questionnaire for younger children (HSQ-Y), suitable for those aged 8–11 years. Study one involved the development of a measure to assess aggressive and affiliative humor. Subsequently, study two involved the …
Assessing the mock viva
Many postgraduate students in Britain experience a ‘mock’ viva some time before their ‘real’ one, but little has been published on this aspect of gaining a Ph.D. or professional doctorate. In this study questionnaire data on the experiences and feelings of 29 UK postgraduate students concerning their mock vivas are summarized. The results suggest that there are considerable disparities in procedures within and across institutions, and that studen…
III. Gendered Discourses in Musically `Talented' Adolescent Females' Construction of Self
Ancient DNA studies and new bioethic problems
Differences in the Striaton Pattern in individuals with Unilateral Buccal Pathologies
A sample of individuals with different unilateral pathologies affecting the masticatory apparatus has been studied. Replicas of the same teeth (first or second molar) on both sides have been obtained and observed by SEM. The number, length and orientation of buccal striations have been determined for each individual. Differences in the microwear pattern have been observed between pathological sides. Each individual displays a particular striation…
Information obtained from the microscopic examination of cultural striations in human dentition
The surfaces of teeth from some fossil remains and archaeological samples have been examined by SEM, in order to study different types of cultural striations and to determine the archaeological information that these striations can provide. Different patterns of cultural striations are present in human samples from different sites and periods. Similar cultural striations can be interpreted in different ways, depending on the tooth in which they a…
The diet of the Neanderthal Child Gibraltar 2 (Devil's Tower) through the study of the vestibular striation pattern
Cutmarks andpost-mortem striations in fossil human teeth
Dietary Information through the Examination of Plant Phytoliths on the Enamel Surface of Human Dentition
Craniometric analysis in groups from tierra del Fuego/Patagonia and the peopling of the south extreme of the Americas
Cranial variation in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands
A multivariate analysis of four prehistoric and nine historic populations from the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands with large sample sizes (n > 30 individuals for the neurocranium and n > 15 for the facial skeleton) is presented, considering 874 male and 557 female skulls and using 20 craniometric measurements. Cluster analyses have been undertaken using the squared Euclidean distance as a measure of proximity and the average linkage betwe…
MtDNA analysis in ancient Nubians supports the existence of gene flow between sub-Sahara and North Africa in the Nile valley
The Hpal (np3,592) mitochondrial DNA marker is a selectively neutral mutation that is very common in sub-Saharan Africa and is almost absent in North African and European populations. It has been screened in a Meroitic sample from ancient Nubia through PCR amplification and posterior enzyme digestion, to evaluate the sub-Saharan genetic influences in this population. From 29 individuals analysed, only 15 yield positive amplifications, four of the…
Ancient DNA studies and new bioethic problems
III. Gendered Discourses in Musically `Talented' Adolescent Females' Construction of Self
Clarity Across the Disciplines
Computer-based readability measures were used to examine the clarity of texts written in the sciences, the social sciences, and the arts and humanities. Five studies examined texts that were written in these different disciplines for different audiences, moving from fellow researchers to students and the general public. Readability increased across these genres until it reached an asymptote. In several cases, the scientific texts used shorter sen…
Assessing the mock viva
Many postgraduate students in Britain experience a ‘mock’ viva some time before their ‘real’ one, but little has been published on this aspect of gaining a Ph.D. or professional doctorate. In this study questionnaire data on the experiences and feelings of 29 UK postgraduate students concerning their mock vivas are summarized. The results suggest that there are considerable disparities in procedures within and across institutions, and that studen…
The social skills problems of victims of bullying
Background. A small number of prior studies have found that victims of school bullying tend to exhibit poor social skills. Few of these have examined this issue from multiple perspectives, and there has been a focus on a restricted range of social skills.Aims. To determine the extent to which self, peers, and teachers regard victims as having poorer social skills than non-victims across 20 behaviours/competencies.Sample. A convenience sample of 3…
Friendship as a moderator of the relationship between social skills problems and peer victimisation
Previous research, primarily in North America, has found that individual factors (e.g., ‘internalising problems’) and social factors (e.g., friendship) interact to influence children's levels of peer victimisation. Some research has found that the identity of children's friends and friendship quality (as ‘protective factors’) are more important than the sheer number of friends. However, studies have produced conflicting findings. A peer nominatio…
The association between adolescents' beliefs in a just world and their attitudes to victims of bullying
BackgroundResearch which has investigated children's attitudes to bullying has found that the majority of children display anti-bullying attitudes. However, a small minority of children do appear to admire the bully and lack sympathy for victims of bullying. The just world belief theory has received a great deal of attention in recent years with evidence emerging in support of a two-dimensional model distinguishing between beliefs in a just world…
Gender differences in the relationships between bullying at school and unhealthy eating and shape-related attitudes and behaviours
Background. Previous research has found links between being a victim of bullying and reporting more unhealthy eating behaviours and cognitions, particularly in girls. However, little is known about the factors that might mediate these relationships. Aim. The present study compared the relationships between bullying, emotional adjustment, restrained eating, and body dissatisfaction in adolescent boys and girls. Sample/method. Self-report data were…
Young teenagers' experiences of domestic abuse
This article reports on the first findings from the Boys to Men Research Project. In total, 1143 pupils aged 13–14 years completed a questionnaire to assess their experiences of domestic abuse as victims, witnesses and perpetrators. Overall, 45% of pupils who had been in a dating relationship reported having been victimised, 25% having perpetrated it, with the only difference in rates of victimisation and perpetration between boys and girls being…
Development of a Humor Styles Questionnaire for children
The adult Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ) assumes that humor can be both adaptive (“self-enhancing” and “affiliative”) and maladaptive (“aggressive” and “self-defeating”). The aim of the research was to develop a reliable and valid scale to assess adaptive and maladaptive humor in children – an adaptation of the adult HSQ. Over two studies, 1187 UK school children aged 9–15 years completed the 24-item adapted child HSQ. In the second study the c…
Domestic abuse prevention education
This paper reports on findings derived as part of a two-year project funded by the European Union's Daphne III scheme, involving collaboration between seven partner organisations across six European countries. The project involved an evaluation, using questionnaires and focus groups, of domestic abuse prevention education programmes delivered in schools in the UK, France and Spain. This paper presents the findings from the UK focus group discussi…
This is Abuse… Or is it? Domestic abuse perpetrators’ responses to anti-domestic violence publicity
Social marketing has become a key component of policy initiatives aimed at reducing the incidence of domestic abuse. However, its efficacy remains debated, with most measures of effectiveness being somewhat crude. More subtle effects of social marketing, such as the boomerang effect whereby the message engenders the opposite effect to that intended, have been detected, suggesting a need for modes of analysis sensitive to the multiple ways in whic…
The Relationship Between Peer Victimization and Children's Humor Styles
This study assessed the concurrent and prospective (fall to spring) associations between peer victimization and four humor styles, two of which are adaptive (affiliative and self‐enhancing) and two maladaptive (aggressive and self‐defeating). Participants were 1234 adolescents (52 percent female) aged 11–13 years, drawn from six secondary schools in E ngland. Self‐reports and peer reports of peer victimization were collected, as were self‐reports…
Does the gender of the bully/victim dyad and the type of bullying influence children's responses to a bullying incident
Children's responses to bullying are context related; they will vary depending on the specific bullying episode. The aim of the present study was to explore whether children's responses to bullying vary depending on the gender of the bully and victim and the type of bullying portrayed. In total, 437 children aged 9-11 years from four primary schools in the UK took part in the study. Each child read a story about one child bullying another. There …
The development of a humor styles questionnaire for younger children
Despite the adaptation of the humor styles questionnaire for older children a measure suitable for children below the age of eleven was needed. The current research involved three separate studies leading to the creation of the humor styles questionnaire for younger children (HSQ-Y), suitable for those aged 8–11 years. Study one involved the development of a measure to assess aggressive and affiliative humor. Subsequently, study two involved the …
Young people’s perceptions of the ‘Love Hurts’ programme
Domestic abuse prevention education programmes have been found to be effective in bringing about attitudinal and behavioural change. However, there is limited research on theatre‐based interventions developed in the UK. This study aimed to assess pupils’ responses to a theatre production called ‘Love Hurts’. A mixed‐methods approach, which incorporated an online survey and focus groups, was used to understand the pupils’ perceptions of the play. …
You're in this world now
BackgroundPrimary-secondary school transition is a major life event for 11-year-old children in the United Kingdom and can also be a stressful period for parents and teachers. However, most research focuses on the impact of transition on children's academic performance and social well-being and we have a limited understanding of their emotional experiences in the lead up to and during the transition, from the perspective of key stakeholders: stud…
Psychology (22 works) · Developmental psychology (14 works) · Medicine (14 works) · Sociology (13 works) · Social Psychology (12 works) · Biology (8 works) · Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression (7 works) · Geography (7 works) · Poison control (7 works) · Social Psychology (7 works)