D Willer
Biographic Data
| ID | 1609 |
|---|---|
| NAME | D Willer |
| GIVEN NAMES | D |
| FAMILY NAME | Willer |
| SIGNATURE | WILLER D |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of South Carolina |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2763-3962 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 60 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 693 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 60 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1967 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 14 |
The social production of property
This paper investigates two forms of property as a social phenomenon and finds the Property Right Paradigm of economics to be wrongly conceived. Introducing new formulations for property reveals that private and communal property are frequently found together. When they are, as the scope of one increases the scope of the other shrinks. We examine how property rights are embedded in social exchange experiments. Calling on game theory, we find that…
Theory toolbox for historical explanation
Merton proposed middle range theories, not as ends in themselves, but as bases for a consolidation to explain broader phenomenon. More than a half century has passed since Merton's consolidation proposal and in that time a number of experimentally tested middle range theories have been developed. Certainly, the next step should be a consolidation. Yet, to our knowledge, no one has previously offered a consolidation of experimentally tested theori…
Theory and the Replication Problem
Many refinements of statistical design have been offered to solve the replication problem identified by the Open Science Collaboration and Camerer and colleagues. There are, however, two distinct kinds of experimentation: Fisher design and theory designed. Therefore, there are two kinds of replication. Only for the Fisher design does replication reproduce conditions of prior experiments in order to compare new with prior results, and only there h…
Social Structures in Transition
Status characteristics theory and elementary theory are applied to explain developments through three structural forms that chiefdoms are known to take. Theoretic models find that downward mobility inherent in the first form, the status-lineage structure, destabilizes its system of privilege. As a consequence, high-status actors are motivated to find mechanisms to preserve and enhance privilege. By engaging in hostile relations with other chiefdo…
Experimental Methods
An experiment is a research method for which the investigator plans, builds, or otherwise controls the conditions under which phenomena are observed and measured. Experiments are the investigative method of choice in the physical sciences and increasingly in economics, but they are used infrequently in sociology. Sociology experiments are conducted disproportionately in the research subfields of (small‐) group processes and social psychology
Does Social Value Orientation Theory Apply to Social Relations
This research asks whether Social Value Orientations (SVOs) apply to the social relations of exchange networks. SVO literature identifies three types of orientation to rational action, determined by how actors value outcomes to self and other. Only the individualist is the self-interested, rational actor previously seen in exchange networks. The prosocial actor seeks to maximize joint outcomes and equality whereas the competitor seeks to maximize…
Legitimizing Collective Action and Countervailing Power
Contemporary social movement researchers claim that legitimizing elements of social movements can counteract collective action problems and increase the likelihood that self-interested individuals take collective rather than individual action. Their work is insightful and informative, but it rarely uses general theory to describe the processes through which movement elements acquire legitimacy. Nor does it apply general theory to describe the mec…
Social Values and Social Structure
The exchanges that individualist, prosocial, and competitive actors will make and the kind of negotiations they will carry out in dyads and power structures are predicted here for the first time. The predictions are generated by bridging two previously independent streams of thought, network exchange theory and social value orientations. In so doing, this article shows that formal, mathematical theory and metric predictions are not threatened by …
Analyzing large scale exchange networks
One-shot exchange networks and the shadow of the future
Testing Ten Theories
Using the most comprehensive data set now available, this investigation tests the precision of all exchange theories that now contend. Beyond precision, the investigation focuses on broad issues of effectiveness including consistency, parsimony, and whether the theories can be applied to structures larger than normally studied in the lab. Seeking greater parsimony, this investigation introduces a new model by combining parts of two contending the…
Experimental Methods
An experiment is a research method for which the investigator plans, builds, or otherwise controls the conditions under which phenomena are observed and measured. Experiments are the investigative method of choice in the physical sciences, and increasingly in economics, but they are used less frequently in sociology. Experimental sociologists are disproportionately located in the research subfields of (small) group processes and social psychology
Power, Embedded Games, and Coalition Formation
Applications of game theory frequently presume but do not show that social structures contain games. This study shows that multiple games are embedded in strong power structures and that power is exercised because 1) the game of those low in power contains a dilemma whereas 2) the game of those high in power does not. As in previous analyses, we find those low in power play the Prisoner's Dilemma game. New to this analysis is the discovery that t…
From Status to Power
The study of group processes has benefited from longstanding programs of theory-driven research on status and power. The present work constructs a bridge between two formal theories of status and power: Status Characteristics Theory and Network Exchange Theory. Two theoretical models, one for “status value” and one for “status influence,” illuminate the underlying mechanisms whereby status differences between individuals lead to power differences…
Generating Images of Stratification
The Structural Embeddedness of Collective Goods
The growing body of literature on coalitions in exchange networks has addressed issues such as the kind of social dilemmas posed and how structurally disadvantaged actors overcome free-rider problems. We add to this stream of research by focusing explicitly on what low-power actors can gain from collective action. We offer theory that predicts whether actors can gain a collective good by forming coalitions and, if so, the size of that good, for a…
Theory Programs and Theoretical Problems
Some sociologists argue that sociological theory does not grow and the reason why it does not grow is that the discipline lacks a core of highly developed, almost universally accepted, paradigms; even worse, because it is reflexive, its criteria of problem and theory choice are so noncognitive that there are no paradigms, hence no progress, in its future. We do not question that sociology lacks a core of almost universally accepted paradigms, nor…
Stereotype Threat and Differential Expected Consequences
Why do some groups of students score lower than do others on standardized tests? Stereotype threat theory proposes that added pressure from the threat of confirming a negative stereotype impairs test performance. A related theory of differential expected consequences proposes that low-status test takers also expect negative consequences from doing too well on the test. Two laboratory studies investigated whether stereotype threat, differential ex…
Power-at-a-Distance
Journal Article Power-at-a-Distance Get access David Willer David Willer University of South Carolina Direct all correspondence to David Willer, Department of Sociology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208. E-mail: [email protected]. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 81, Issue 4, June 2003, Pages 1295–1334, https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2003.0074 Published: 01 June 2003
The Gatekeeper
Gatekeepers control access to benefits that they do not own. When granted access, their clients incur obligations that take the form of fees owed to the gatekeeper. This paper examines a variety of forms that gatekeeping has historically taken, looking closely at the network positions that gatekeepers have occupied. Not previously resolved is what determines the size of the client's obligation. The theory presented here predicts 1) the size of th…
Exploring dynamic networks
Network Exchange Theory
Henry A. Walker, Shane R. Thye, Brent Simpson, Michael J. Lovaglia, David Willer, Barry Markovsky, Network Exchange Theory: Recent Developments and New Directions, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 63, No. 4, Special Millenium Issue on the State of Sociological Social Psychology (Dec., 2000), pp. 324-337
Games, Structures and Collective Action
Games and Structures
Frequently applications of game theory assume, but do not show, that games are contained in social structures. The new analysis offered here uncovers games embedded in structures by attributing strategies to some positions and deriving the pay-off matrices for others. As structures vary so do the games embedded in them. All strong power structures contain prisoners' dilemma games for at least some range of pay-offs while some contain a chain of p…
Power in Exchange Networks
B. Markovsky et al. examinent de facon critique la theorie des phenomenes de pouvoir, dans le cadre des reseaux sociaux d'echange, developpee par K. Yamaguchi. Ils estiment que son modele presente des contradictions. Ils mettent en doute la validite des indicateurs utilises. Ils affirment que les analyses de Yamaguchi sont erronees en ce sens qu'elles ne parviennent pas a etre confirmees statistiquement. K. Yamaguchi replique a Markovsky et al.. …
Power Relations in Exchange Networks
Many theories address the problem of how a social structure affects the experiences and behaviors of its members.This paper offers a network-exchange theory to solve this problem.Previous research has shown that the nature and outcomes of negotiations among individual or corporate actors can be inferred from their network positions.The impact of this research has been limited because its theory does not enable the researcher to locate power posit…
Exclusion and Power
We evaluate four theories that predict the distribution of power in exchange networks.All four theories-core theory, equidependence theory, exchange-resistance theory, and expected value theory-assume actors rationally pursue self-interests.Three of the theories add social psychological assumptions that place the pursuit of self interest in an interactive context.Predictions of exchange earnings by the four theories are evaluated against data fro…
Rediscovering the Social Group
1. Introducing the Problem: Individual and Group 2. Rediscovering the Social Group 3. A Self-Categorization Theory 4. The Analysis of Social Influence 5. Social Identity 6. The Salience of Social Categories 7. Social Identity and Group Polarization 8. Crowd Behaviour as Social Action 9. Conclusion
The Seeds of Weak Power
We extend network exchange theory (Markovsky, Willer, and Patton 1988) to accommodate a new class of phenomena. Previous theory and research have shown that structural configurations in some networks promote or inhibit exchange opportunities, leading to robust and resource differentials. The extension identifies a structural basis for subtler forms of differentiation. Using computer simulations and laboratory experiments, we show that the degree …
Theoretical Logic in Sociology-Volume 1
The Gatekeeper
Gatekeepers control access to benefits that they do not own. When granted access, their clients incur obligations that take the form of fees owed to the gatekeeper. This paper examines a variety of forms that gatekeeping has historically taken, looking closely at the network positions that gatekeepers have occupied. Not previously resolved is what determines the size of the client's obligation. The theory presented here predicts 1) the size of th…
Theoretical Concepts and Observables
properties of particular persons, places, or events.' Constructs used in a theory must be defined for that purpose, whereas observables usually need not be. The construct is not same as observable features of any particular event or object, nor is it simply an abstract representation of an observable. In previous example, sociologist might make assertions about differences in construct and then say that occupation and sex are characteristics. It …
Scientific Sociology
Connection and power in centralized exchange networks
The distribution and structural determinants of power are central concerns of network exchange theory. In this paper, using formulations from elementary theory, we present an exhaustive typology of network connections: exclusion, inclusion and null. This typology is compared to the typology of positive and negative connection of power‐dependence theory. Inclusion which has not been previously recognized is investigated. Experimental results suppo…
Negotiated Exchanges in Social Networks
Testing Ten Theories
Using the most comprehensive data set now available, this investigation tests the precision of all exchange theories that now contend. Beyond precision, the investigation focuses on broad issues of effectiveness including consistency, parsimony, and whether the theories can be applied to structures larger than normally studied in the lab. Seeking greater parsimony, this investigation introduces a new model by combining parts of two contending the…
Network Exchange Theory
Henry A. Walker, Shane R. Thye, Brent Simpson, Michael J. Lovaglia, David Willer, Barry Markovsky, Network Exchange Theory: Recent Developments and New Directions, Social Psychology Quarterly, Vol. 63, No. 4, Special Millenium Issue on the State of Sociological Social Psychology (Dec., 2000), pp. 324-337
Analysis and composition as theoretic procedures
(1984). Analysis and composition as theoretic procedures. The Journal of Mathematical Sociology: Vol. 10, Mathematical ideas and sociological theory, pp. 241-269
Systematic Empiricism
Power and Influence
Journal Article Power and Influence: A Theoretical Bridge Get access David Willer, David Willer University of South Carolina Direct correspondence to David Willer, Department of Sociology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Michael J. Lovaglia, Michael J. Lovaglia University of Iowa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Barry…
Max Weber's Missing Authority Type
Games and Structures
Frequently applications of game theory assume, but do not show, that games are contained in social structures. The new analysis offered here uncovers games embedded in structures by attributing strategies to some positions and deriving the pay-off matrices for others. As structures vary so do the games embedded in them. All strong power structures contain prisoners' dilemma games for at least some range of pay-offs while some contain a chain of p…
Power in Exchange Networks
This article adds to the body of findings on how network position and the conditions of exchange influence an actor's power to obtain favorable outcomes. Four network structures of four persons each are examined in each of two experimental settings: a face-to-face setting, in which negotiations are carried out directly, and the ExNet setting, in which negotiations are carried out through a microcomputer-based electronic network. The structures ar…
From Status to Power
The study of group processes has benefited from longstanding programs of theory-driven research on status and power. The present work constructs a bridge between two formal theories of status and power: Status Characteristics Theory and Network Exchange Theory. Two theoretical models, one for “status value” and one for “status influence,” illuminate the underlying mechanisms whereby status differences between individuals lead to power differences…
Power in Exchange Networks
B. Markovsky et al. examinent de facon critique la theorie des phenomenes de pouvoir, dans le cadre des reseaux sociaux d'echange, developpee par K. Yamaguchi. Ils estiment que son modele presente des contradictions. Ils mettent en doute la validite des indicateurs utilises. Ils affirment que les analyses de Yamaguchi sont erronees en ce sens qu'elles ne parviennent pas a etre confirmees statistiquement. K. Yamaguchi replique a Markovsky et al.. …
Bureaucratic Behavior in the Executive Branch
Power-at-a-Distance
Journal Article Power-at-a-Distance Get access David Willer David Willer University of South Carolina Direct all correspondence to David Willer, Department of Sociology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208. E-mail: [email protected]. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 81, Issue 4, June 2003, Pages 1295–1334, https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2003.0074 Published: 01 June 2003
The prominence of formal theory in sociology
Exclusion, Inclusion, and Compound Connection in Exchange Networks
Elementary theory predicts that the distribution of power will vary as the type of connection varies. Previous research supporting that prediction has shown that power in unilateral monopolies is centralized when the central position is connected exclusively and decentralized when the central position is connected inclusively. Here we extend the theory to networks with compound inclusion-exclusion connections. The theory predicts that exclusion w…
Vulnerability and the Location of Power Positions
A Test of Interval Equivalence
Computer applications of research findings usually assume either a metric or interval level of measurement. This assumption, not always consciously made, 'follows necessarily as a consequence of the mathematical manipulations which are performed. lAccording to the classical theory of measurement as advanced by Campbell , metric measurement is determined by a process of physical addition. This addition is direct in the case of fundamental measurem…
Max Weber's Missing Authority Type
Marx and Weber
Though historical sequences of Western civilization are capable of being described by a simple, unilinear, evolutionary theory of history, attempts to generalize unilinear theories beyond Western cultural areas have failed. Thus the attempts of modem "Marxists" to generalize Marx and Engels' "theory of history" beyond its scope of application, Western civilization, have met with the expected results. Their sequence of stages of history simply do …
Scientific Sociology
Scientific Sociology
Theoretical Concepts and Observables
properties of particular persons, places, or events.' Constructs used in a theory must be defined for that purpose, whereas observables usually need not be. The construct is not same as observable features of any particular event or object, nor is it simply an abstract representation of an observable. In previous example, sociologist might make assertions about differences in construct and then say that occupation and sex are characteristics. It …
Bureaucratic Behavior in the Executive Branch
Why Sociological Knowledge is not Cumulative
Systematic Empiricism
Systematic Empiricism
Systematic Empiricism
The Essence of Social Research
Rules and Laws in Sociology.Robert Brown
Theory Building
Networks, Exchange and Coercion
Analysis and composition as theoretic procedures
(1984). Analysis and composition as theoretic procedures. The Journal of Mathematical Sociology: Vol. 10, Mathematical ideas and sociological theory, pp. 241-269
Theoretical Logic in Sociology-Volume 1
Networks, Exchange, and Coercion
The Consensus-Conflict Debate
Vulnerability and the Location of Power Positions
Power Relations in Exchange Networks
Many theories address the problem of how a social structure affects the experiences and behaviors of its members.This paper offers a network-exchange theory to solve this problem.Previous research has shown that the nature and outcomes of negotiations among individual or corporate actors can be inferred from their network positions.The impact of this research has been limited because its theory does not enable the researcher to locate power posit…
Dependence and the Problem of Locating Power
Rediscovering the Social Group
1. Introducing the Problem: Individual and Group 2. Rediscovering the Social Group 3. A Self-Categorization Theory 4. The Analysis of Social Influence 5. Social Identity 6. The Salience of Social Categories 7. Social Identity and Group Polarization 8. Crowd Behaviour as Social Action 9. Conclusion
Connection and power in centralized exchange networks
The distribution and structural determinants of power are central concerns of network exchange theory. In this paper, using formulations from elementary theory, we present an exhaustive typology of network connections: exclusion, inclusion and null. This typology is compared to the typology of positive and negative connection of power‐dependence theory. Inclusion which has not been previously recognized is investigated. Experimental results suppo…
Power in Exchange Networks
This article adds to the body of findings on how network position and the conditions of exchange influence an actor's power to obtain favorable outcomes. Four network structures of four persons each are examined in each of two experimental settings: a face-to-face setting, in which negotiations are carried out directly, and the ExNet setting, in which negotiations are carried out through a microcomputer-based electronic network. The structures ar…
Sociology (43 works) · Computer Science (30 works) · Economics (27 works) · Social Power and Status Dynamics (26 works) · Epistemology (24 works) · Philosophy (20 works) · Psychology (19 works) · Mathematics (17 works) · Social science (17 works) · Political science (16 works)