Geoffrey Maruyama
Biographic Data
| ID | 1663001 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Geoffrey Maruyama |
| GIVEN NAMES | Geoffrey |
| FAMILY NAME | Maruyama |
| SIGNATURE | MARUYAMA G |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Minnesota |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8367-6625 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 36 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 207 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 36 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1976 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Where are the men
Women have been enrolling in and graduating from postsecondary institutions at higher rates than men for decades. The current study advances previous work by taking an intersectional approach to researching the relationships between gender, family income, and prior family postsecondary experiences. We conducted an archival, longitudinal study using institutional data of four successive entering first year cohorts of about 5000–5300 students each …
Community engagement, service learning, and underrepresented college student success
Previous literature has demonstrated the positive benefits of Service Learning (SL) participation on college student outcomes. This study explored whether SL participation during the first year of college appeared to be a potentially useful community engagement and pedagogical lever for enhancing college students’ academic achievement, retention, and graduation outcomes. Particular attention focused on college students from groups under‐represent…
How are first‐generation students doing throughout their college years? An examination of academic success, retention, and completion rates
How much do we need college admission tests
Scrutiny about and controversy regarding the use of college admissions tests have increased since COVID‐19 eliminated mass face‐to‐face testing. At that time, many selective colleges chose to make their admissions decisions without using such tests. More recently, the controversy has been sustained as some selective colleges and universities have reinstated requiring test scores. These tests, primarily the ACT and SAT, have received empirical sup…
An Integrated Moral Obligation Model for Landowner Conservation Norms
This study applies an integrated moral obligation model to examine the role of environmental and cultural values, and beliefs in the activation of landowner conservation norms. Data for this study were collected through a self-administered survey of riparian landowners in two Minnesota watersheds: Sand Creek and Vermillion River watersheds. Study findings suggest that collectivistic and biospheric–altruistic values form the bases for the activati…
Assessing College Readiness
This article examines the logic underlying different models for assessing the college readiness of high school students. It focuses on benchmark scores that purportedly identify students who are college ready and presents the challenges of using threshold scores from a single assessment instrument to represent readiness. As well as providing logical and methodological reasons to be wary of threshold scores, analyses of Minnesota and national data…
Inequities in Higher Education
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled on the legality of race‐based affirmative action at universities in 2003. Although the decisions affirmed the legality of considering race in college admissions decisions, their long‐term effects are not entirely clear. They neither resolved conflicts nor solved problems affirmative action was intended to address, namely, disparities in educational outcomes between Whites and ethnic/racial minorities. Although dispari…
The Role of Pre‐collegiate Partnership Programs in Environments Ambivalent about Affirmative Action
Preparing underrepresented students for college success though pre‐collegiate partnership programs is one alternative to affirmative action programs. This article describes the Multicultural Excellence Program (MEP), a partnership program between an urban school district and 22 four‐year higher education institutions. MEP, begun in 1987, targets 7th–12th‐grade students from groups historically underrepresented in higher education. It helps them p…
Introduction for Louis A. Penner's SPSSI Presidential Address
Disparities in Educational Opportunities and Outcomes
This article examines disparities based upon poverty and race/ethnicity. After framing the issues by looking at national, state, and local data, it illustrates ways that social scientists can be involved in shaping educational practices and policies, focusing on the types of skills that are useful and on ways of thinking about the types of collaboration that are needed. Skills discussed are methodological as well as substantive; both types draw f…
Pathways to Adolescent Alcohol Use
The purpose of this study was to clarify parents' role in the initiation of alcohol use of young adolescents. Subjects included 413 adolescent-parent dyads in which the youth had not begun drinking at the end of 6th grade. All dyads were participants in Project Northland (PN), an adolescent alcohol use prevention trial. A proposed etiologic model including parent norms related to underage drinking, household alcohol-related problems, family probl…
Basics of Structural Equation Modeling
With the availability of software programs, such as LISREL, EQS, and AMOS, modeling (SEM) techniques have become a popular tool for formalized presentation of the hypothesized relationships underlying correlational research and test for the plausibility of hypothesizing for a particular data set. Through the use of careful narrative explanation, Maruyama's text describes the logic underlying SEM approaches, describes how SEM approaches relate to …
A Social Psychology of National and International Group Relations
This concluding article provides a framework for a social psychological analysis of intergroup conflict and conflict resolution. The framework highlights the individual and intergroup factors that shape the nature of perceptions of intergroup relations and group representations, and describes how these perceptions lead to cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses toward groups. Included in the framework are the metatheoretical, theoretical, …
Lewin's Impact on Education
There are implications of several ideas by Kurt Lewin for addressing the challenges facing today's schools and school children. A Lewinian orientation to educational problems provides a very different view of schools from those that currently prevail. It focuses on social bases of difficulties and takes multiple perspectives. It views classes as dynamic, it examines the social forces surrounding the children as well as the various environments th…
Cross-cultural contact and attitudes of qatari students in the United States
Time Spent Reading and Reading Growth
Despite the perceived importance of time spent reading on reading growth, research supporting this notion is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of time spent reading at school and at home on intermediate grade students’ reading achievement. One hundred and ninety-five students in Grades 5 and 6 kept daily reading logs from mid-January through mid-May. A stepwise multiple regression analysis, in which standardized re…
Joan McKay versus John McKay
Joan McKay versus John McKay
Etude meta-analytique des recherches ayant utilise le paradigme experimental de Goldberg (1968), dans le but d'un examen critique des conclusions sur l'evaluation plus favorable, chez les femmes, des auteurs de sexe masculin
School Desegregation Research
The desegregation situation is keynote theme of following I Each of them touches on a different dimension of situation: historical, temporal, spatial. But reader, perusing essays with situation in mind, should remember that desegregation situation should not be inter preted literally. Authorities and adults certainly, school-age children probably, are influenced by their awareness of a sequence of past and future situations. Some may even operate…
The relation between popularity and achievement
Data from a longitudinal study of school desegregation were used to examine the relation between normative social influence processes and academic achievement in order to test theoretical models of how school desegregation produces benefit. Subjects were white, Mexican-American, and black elementary school children who were measured once prior to and twice after desegregation of their schools. For all groups, analyses using structural equation te…
The Single-Child Family
Meta-Analysis in Education
rors of interpretation in Slavin's article. Each section was developed by one or more of the authors of the synthesis criticized in Slavin's article. Slavin invokes two old objections to how meta-analysis is used: You can't combine apples and oranges, and You shouldn't perpetuate the results of sloppy research. These have been debated at length in various books and journals, and it is not our intent to rehash this debate. We merely note that the …
Meta-Analysis in Education
Interdependence and Interpersonal Attraction Among Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Individuals
This article presents a theoretical framework specifying the conditions under which physical proximity and interaction will lead to positive or negative relationships between (a) ethnically diverse individuals, (b) handicapped and nonhandicapped individuals, and (c) ethnically similar and nonhandicapped individuals. A review of literature supporting the theoretical framework is presented, including a meta-analysis of 98 studies conducted between …
Separating ideology from currently available data
Effects of cooperative, competitive, and individualistic goal structures on achievement
This article examines 122 existing studies concerning the effectiveness cooperation with and without intra-group competition, inter-personal competition, and individualistic goal structures, by using a meta-analysis. Three types of met-analysis are performed: vote method, effect-size method, and z-score method. Results indicate that cooperation is superior to competition and individualistic efforts for increasing achievement and productivity, coo…
Joan McKay versus John McKay
Etude meta-analytique des recherches ayant utilise le paradigme experimental de Goldberg (1968), dans le but d'un examen critique des conclusions sur l'evaluation plus favorable, chez les femmes, des auteurs de sexe masculin
Speed of speech and persuasion
The relationship between speaking rate and attitude change was investigated in two field experiments. Manipulations of speech rate were crossed with (a) credibility of the speaker and (b) complexity of the spoken message. The results suggest that speech rate functions as a general cue that augments credibility; rapid speech enhances persuasion. No support was obtained for information-processing interpretations of the effects of a fast speaking ra…
Assessing College Readiness
This article examines the logic underlying different models for assessing the college readiness of high school students. It focuses on benchmark scores that purportedly identify students who are college ready and presents the challenges of using threshold scores from a single assessment instrument to represent readiness. As well as providing logical and methodological reasons to be wary of threshold scores, analyses of Minnesota and national data…
Time Spent Reading and Reading Growth
Despite the perceived importance of time spent reading on reading growth, research supporting this notion is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of time spent reading at school and at home on intermediate grade students’ reading achievement. One hundred and ninety-five students in Grades 5 and 6 kept daily reading logs from mid-January through mid-May. A stepwise multiple regression analysis, in which standardized re…
Self-esteem and educational achievement
Evaluating causal models
Cross-cultural contact and attitudes of qatari students in the United States
Pathways to Adolescent Alcohol Use
The purpose of this study was to clarify parents' role in the initiation of alcohol use of young adolescents. Subjects included 413 adolescent-parent dyads in which the youth had not begun drinking at the end of 6th grade. All dyads were participants in Project Northland (PN), an adolescent alcohol use prevention trial. A proposed etiologic model including parent norms related to underage drinking, household alcohol-related problems, family probl…
Ordinal position and peer popularity
The interaction of siblings within the home may require later-born children— those with less power than their older siblings—to develop more effective interpersonal skills. If so, their popularity should be appreciably affected; they should be better liked. To test this line of reasoning, the relationship between ordinal position of a child and his popularity among peers was examined by relating school setting measures of popularity in friendship…
An Integrated Moral Obligation Model for Landowner Conservation Norms
This study applies an integrated moral obligation model to examine the role of environmental and cultural values, and beliefs in the activation of landowner conservation norms. Data for this study were collected through a self-administered survey of riparian landowners in two Minnesota watersheds: Sand Creek and Vermillion River watersheds. Study findings suggest that collectivistic and biospheric–altruistic values form the bases for the activati…
Disparities in Educational Opportunities and Outcomes
This article examines disparities based upon poverty and race/ethnicity. After framing the issues by looking at national, state, and local data, it illustrates ways that social scientists can be involved in shaping educational practices and policies, focusing on the types of skills that are useful and on ways of thinking about the types of collaboration that are needed. Skills discussed are methodological as well as substantive; both types draw f…
Effect of targets' physical attractiveness on assumptions of similarity
Roles of attribution, affect, and cognitive interference in test anxiety
The impact of performance outcome, task difficulty, and level of test anxiety on attributional accounts for performance and achievement-related affect was explored. Subjects high and low in test anxiety (Sarason, 1972) worked on tasks of varying difficulty, evaluated their own performance, and then responded to two types of attribution items, inventories of major affective reactions (Izard, 1972), and a measure of cognitive interference (Sarason …
Personal responsibility and altruism in children
A Social Psychology of National and International Group Relations
This concluding article provides a framework for a social psychological analysis of intergroup conflict and conflict resolution. The framework highlights the individual and intergroup factors that shape the nature of perceptions of intergroup relations and group representations, and describes how these perceptions lead to cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses toward groups. Included in the framework are the metatheoretical, theoretical, …
The relation between popularity and achievement
Data from a longitudinal study of school desegregation were used to examine the relation between normative social influence processes and academic achievement in order to test theoretical models of how school desegregation produces benefit. Subjects were white, Mexican-American, and black elementary school children who were measured once prior to and twice after desegregation of their schools. For all groups, analyses using structural equation te…
Reexamination of Normative Influence Processes in Desegregated Classrooms
Confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis techniques were applied to a path analysis model proposed by Lewis and St. John (1974). The reanalysis disconfirms the original conclusion that acceptance by white peers beneficially affects the scholastic achievement of black children. Present results are consistent with other recent studies; achievement appears to exert causal influence on popularity, but popularity does not influence achievement.…
Inequities in Higher Education
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled on the legality of race‐based affirmative action at universities in 2003. Although the decisions affirmed the legality of considering race in college admissions decisions, their long‐term effects are not entirely clear. They neither resolved conflicts nor solved problems affirmative action was intended to address, namely, disparities in educational outcomes between Whites and ethnic/racial minorities. Although dispari…
Lewin's Impact on Education
There are implications of several ideas by Kurt Lewin for addressing the challenges facing today's schools and school children. A Lewinian orientation to educational problems provides a very different view of schools from those that currently prevail. It focuses on social bases of difficulties and takes multiple perspectives. It views classes as dynamic, it examines the social forces surrounding the children as well as the various environments th…
How Should Attributions Be Measured? A Reanalysis of Data from Elig and Frieze
Elig and Frieze used a multitrait, multimethod approach to contrast three methods for measuring attributions: unstructured/open-ended, structured/unidimensional, and structured/ipsative. The present paper reanalyzed their data using confirmatory factor analysis techniques. Six attribution dimensions, ability, stable effort, unstable effort, mood, task, and luck, were examined. The two structured methods were found to yield attribution dimensions …
Ordinal position and peer popularity
The interaction of siblings within the home may require later-born children— those with less power than their older siblings—to develop more effective interpersonal skills. If so, their popularity should be appreciably affected; they should be better liked. To test this line of reasoning, the relationship between ordinal position of a child and his popularity among peers was examined by relating school setting measures of popularity in friendship…
Speed of speech and persuasion
The relationship between speaking rate and attitude change was investigated in two field experiments. Manipulations of speech rate were crossed with (a) credibility of the speaker and (b) complexity of the spoken message. The results suggest that speech rate functions as a general cue that augments credibility; rapid speech enhances persuasion. No support was obtained for information-processing interpretations of the effects of a fast speaking ra…
Reexamination of Normative Influence Processes in Desegregated Classrooms
Confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis techniques were applied to a path analysis model proposed by Lewis and St. John (1974). The reanalysis disconfirms the original conclusion that acceptance by white peers beneficially affects the scholastic achievement of black children. Present results are consistent with other recent studies; achievement appears to exert causal influence on popularity, but popularity does not influence achievement.…
Evaluating causal models
Self-esteem and educational achievement
Effect of targets' physical attractiveness on assumptions of similarity
Effects of cooperative, competitive, and individualistic goal structures on achievement
This article examines 122 existing studies concerning the effectiveness cooperation with and without intra-group competition, inter-personal competition, and individualistic goal structures, by using a meta-analysis. Three types of met-analysis are performed: vote method, effect-size method, and z-score method. Results indicate that cooperation is superior to competition and individualistic efforts for increasing achievement and productivity, coo…
Separating ideology from currently available data
Separating ideology from currently available data
Roles of attribution, affect, and cognitive interference in test anxiety
The impact of performance outcome, task difficulty, and level of test anxiety on attributional accounts for performance and achievement-related affect was explored. Subjects high and low in test anxiety (Sarason, 1972) worked on tasks of varying difficulty, evaluated their own performance, and then responded to two types of attribution items, inventories of major affective reactions (Izard, 1972), and a measure of cognitive interference (Sarason …
Personal responsibility and altruism in children
How Should Attributions Be Measured? A Reanalysis of Data from Elig and Frieze
Elig and Frieze used a multitrait, multimethod approach to contrast three methods for measuring attributions: unstructured/open-ended, structured/unidimensional, and structured/ipsative. The present paper reanalyzed their data using confirmatory factor analysis techniques. Six attribution dimensions, ability, stable effort, unstable effort, mood, task, and luck, were examined. The two structured methods were found to yield attribution dimensions …
Interdependence and Interpersonal Attraction Among Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Individuals
This article presents a theoretical framework specifying the conditions under which physical proximity and interaction will lead to positive or negative relationships between (a) ethnically diverse individuals, (b) handicapped and nonhandicapped individuals, and (c) ethnically similar and nonhandicapped individuals. A review of literature supporting the theoretical framework is presented, including a meta-analysis of 98 studies conducted between …
Meta-Analysis in Education
rors of interpretation in Slavin's article. Each section was developed by one or more of the authors of the synthesis criticized in Slavin's article. Slavin invokes two old objections to how meta-analysis is used: You can't combine apples and oranges, and You shouldn't perpetuate the results of sloppy research. These have been debated at length in various books and journals, and it is not our intent to rehash this debate. We merely note that the …
Meta-Analysis in Education
The Single-Child Family
The relation between popularity and achievement
Data from a longitudinal study of school desegregation were used to examine the relation between normative social influence processes and academic achievement in order to test theoretical models of how school desegregation produces benefit. Subjects were white, Mexican-American, and black elementary school children who were measured once prior to and twice after desegregation of their schools. For all groups, analyses using structural equation te…
School Desegregation Research
The desegregation situation is keynote theme of following I Each of them touches on a different dimension of situation: historical, temporal, spatial. But reader, perusing essays with situation in mind, should remember that desegregation situation should not be inter preted literally. Authorities and adults certainly, school-age children probably, are influenced by their awareness of a sequence of past and future situations. Some may even operate…
Joan McKay versus John McKay
Joan McKay versus John McKay
Etude meta-analytique des recherches ayant utilise le paradigme experimental de Goldberg (1968), dans le but d'un examen critique des conclusions sur l'evaluation plus favorable, chez les femmes, des auteurs de sexe masculin
Cross-cultural contact and attitudes of qatari students in the United States
Time Spent Reading and Reading Growth
Despite the perceived importance of time spent reading on reading growth, research supporting this notion is limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of time spent reading at school and at home on intermediate grade students’ reading achievement. One hundred and ninety-five students in Grades 5 and 6 kept daily reading logs from mid-January through mid-May. A stepwise multiple regression analysis, in which standardized re…
Lewin's Impact on Education
There are implications of several ideas by Kurt Lewin for addressing the challenges facing today's schools and school children. A Lewinian orientation to educational problems provides a very different view of schools from those that currently prevail. It focuses on social bases of difficulties and takes multiple perspectives. It views classes as dynamic, it examines the social forces surrounding the children as well as the various environments th…
Basics of Structural Equation Modeling
With the availability of software programs, such as LISREL, EQS, and AMOS, modeling (SEM) techniques have become a popular tool for formalized presentation of the hypothesized relationships underlying correlational research and test for the plausibility of hypothesizing for a particular data set. Through the use of careful narrative explanation, Maruyama's text describes the logic underlying SEM approaches, describes how SEM approaches relate to …
A Social Psychology of National and International Group Relations
This concluding article provides a framework for a social psychological analysis of intergroup conflict and conflict resolution. The framework highlights the individual and intergroup factors that shape the nature of perceptions of intergroup relations and group representations, and describes how these perceptions lead to cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses toward groups. Included in the framework are the metatheoretical, theoretical, …
Psychology (31 works) · Social Psychology (17 works) · Political science (14 works) · Social Psychology (12 works) · Developmental psychology (9 works) · Sociology (9 works) · Medicine (8 works) · Computer Science (7 works) · Higher Education Research Studies (7 works) · School Choice and Performance (7 works)