Amy Hagopian
Biographic Data
| ID | 1665653 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Amy Hagopian |
| GIVEN NAMES | Amy |
| FAMILY NAME | Hagopian |
| SIGNATURE | HAGOPIAN A |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Washington |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2120-8295 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 38 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 73 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 38 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2000 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Newly emerged resistance healthcare systems in northwest Myanmar’s Sagaing Region post-military coup
INTRODUCTION: The 2021 military coup and the accompanying armed conflicts in Myanmar have disrupted the country's health systems, particularly in conflict-affected rural areas. Anti-junta healthcare providers innovated alternative systems to address the needs. This study aims to provide insights into the experiences and perspectives of the anti-junta healthcare providers and community members regarding the prevailing health issues in conflict set…
Understanding the personal networks of people experiencing homelessness in King County, WA with aggregate relational data
Personal networks among people experiencing homelessness are vital but often overlooked. Drawing on a unique three-year data set (2022–2024) from over 3000 unhoused individuals in King County, Washington, this study analyzes the structure and change of four different personal networks: acquaintances, close friends, kinship (household), and peer referrals. Using this respondent-driven sample data set, we find that the mean size of the acquaintance…
Names Matter
Encampments as neighbors
Health trade-offs in pursuit of livelihood security
As climate change increasingly interacts with socioeconomic development factors to contribute to migration, understanding how climate and migration can coalesce to exacerbate health risks is urgent. Our study examines how migration influences the health of Mekong Delta migrants in Ho Chi Minh City and explores the role of weather and climate variability in the migration experience and health status of migrants before and after migration. Using a …
Without shelter, people die
Objective: To analyze disparities in causes of mortality between unhoused people in King County, Washington and the general population in Washington. Methods: We built a database from the King County Medical Examiner’s list of presumed homeless decedents, 2009–2019, and worked with a homeless advocacy organization to gather detailed cause and mode of death information for each case. Results: The average homeless decedent was 50 years old at death…
Teaching war as a threat to public health
Although war generates significant health harms directly and indirectly, and across generations, it is little studied in schools of public health as a preventable threat to health. The American Pub
Association Between Subnational Vaccine Coverage, Migration, and Incident Cases of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella in Iraq, 2001–2016
Objective This analysis examines governorate-level disease incidence as well as the relationship between incidence and the number of persons of concern for three vaccine-preventable diseases—measles, mumps, and rubella—between 2001 and 2016. Methods Using Iraqi Ministry of Health and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) data, we performed descriptive analyses of disease incidence and conducted a pooled statistical analysis with a…
Global Public Health Workers and Academics Must Step Up Response to War
Advocates Make a Difference in Duration of Homelessness and Quality of Life
Social support is known to protect against homelessness and improve the wellbeing of people experiencing homelessness, but the role of professional versus informal advocates has not been studied in relation to the duration of homelessness and quality of life. We measured the effect of the presence and quality of formal (professional) and informal (family or friend) advocates on these outcomes. Our team interviewed 67 adults experiencing homelessn…
Presence of Any Medical Debt Associated With Two Additional Years of Homelessness in a Seattle Sample
Although medical debt has been associated with housing instability, almost no research has connected homelessness to medical debt. We interviewed 60 individuals experiencing homelessness in Seattle, selected from those participating in self-governed encampments organized by a homeless advocacy organization. Most respondents reported having at least one kind of debt, with two-thirds reporting current medical debt. Almost half reported trouble payi…
How to estimate (and not to estimate) war deaths
Stijn van Weezel and Michael Spagat (2017) have critiqued our 2011 report of mortality in Iraq following the 2003 US-led invasion in this issue of Research & Politics. In this response, we make our case for reporting both direct and indirect excess war-related deaths (while distinguishing the difference), defend our efforts to account for survival bias, and provide evidence for including all household-reported deaths, not just those cases where a…
Policing the Divestment Debate
American universities bristle with governing bodies representing the interests of various constituencies in campus life. Student and faculty associations confront the usual parochial and prosaic topics—parking, fees, and office space—but these organizations also offer opportunities to stage dialogue about broader interests, sometimes concerning far-flung parts of the world, including Palestine. Conversations within campus organizations about cont…
Anti-homosexual legislation and HIV-related stigma in African nations
BACKGROUND: Gay men and other men who have sex with men are disproportionately burdened by HIV infection. Laws that penalize same-sex intercourse contribute to a cycle of stigma, homonegativity and discrimination. In many African nations, laws criminalizing homosexuality may be fueling the epidemic, as they dissuade key populations from seeking treatment and health care providers from offering it. OBJECTIVES: We analyzed the ways in which policie…
Why isn’t war properly framed and funded as a public health problem
Why is one of the largest public health problems in the world systematically ignored, underfunded, unrecognized and ill-considered? Why is war not a prominent subject in public health? There is sim
Did Pepfar investments result in health system strengthening? A retrospective longitudinal study measuring non-HIV health service utilization at the district level
OBJECTIVES : PEPFAR's initial rapid scale-up approach was largely a vertical effort focused fairly exclusively on AIDS. The purpose of our research was to identify spill-over health system effects, if any, of investments intended to stem the HIV epidemic over a 6-year period with evidence from Uganda. The test of whether there were health system expansions (aside from direct HIV programming) was evidence of increases in utilization of non-HIV ser…
When Housing First Lasts
Single‐site Housing First (HF) entails the provision of immediate, permanent, low‐barrier supportive housing to chronically homeless individuals within a single building. Studies have shown that greater time spent in HF is associated with reduced publicly funded service utilization and improved health outcomes, but more research is needed to clarify how HF programs might maximize housing stability. In this study, semistructured, qualitative inter…
The Role of Labor Unions in Creating Working Conditions That Promote Public Health
We sought to portray how collective bargaining contracts promote public health, beyond their known effect on individual, family, and community well-being. In November 2014, we created an abstraction tool to identify health-related elements in 16 union contracts from industries in the Pacific Northwest. After enumerating the contract-protected benefits and working conditions, we interviewed union organizers and members to learn how these promoted …
CDC Clearance Process Constitutes an Obstacle to Progress in Public Health
AffiliationsAmy Hagopian and Scott Barnhart are with the Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle. Bert Stover is with the Department of Health Services, University of Washington
Namibian prisoners describe barriers to HIV antiretroviral therapy adherence
Little is available in scholarly literature about how HIV-positive prisoners, especially in low-income countries, access antiretroviral therapy (ART) medication. We interviewed 18 prisoners at a large prison in Namibia to identify barriers to medication adherence. The lead nurse researcher was a long-standing clinic employee at the prison, which afforded her access to the population. We identified six significant barriers to adherence, including …
Domestic Violence, Marital Control, and Family Planning, Maternal, and Birth Outcomes in Timor-Leste
Foreign-Born Care Givers in Washington State Nursing Homes
The proportion of foreign-born employees in nursing facilities may be associated with improved performance
The Role of Public Health in the Prevention of War
In 2009 the American Public Health Association approved the policy statement, “The Role of Public Health Practitioners, Academics, and Advocates in Relation to Armed Conflict and War.” Despite the known health effects of war, the development of competencies to prevent war has received little attention. Public health’s ethical principles of practice prioritize addressing the fundamental causes of disease and adverse health outcomes. A working grou…
Applying WHO's 'workforce indicators of staffing need' (Wisn) method to calculate the health worker requirements for India's maternal and child health service guarantees in Orissa State
OBJECTIVE: In one district of Orissa state, we used the World Health Organization's Workforce Indicators of Staffing Need (WISN) method to calculate the number of health workers required to achieve the maternal and child health 'service guarantees' of India's National Rural Health Mission (NRHM). We measured the difference between this ideal number and current staffing levels. METHODS: We collected census data, routine health information data and…
Understanding war and peace, 2nd edition
The new edition of Dan Reiter’s textbook is aimed at undergraduates seeking a broad overview of topics in international conflict, including how countries decide to go to war, domestic political deb
The flight of physicians from West Africa
The Role of Labor Unions in Creating Working Conditions That Promote Public Health
We sought to portray how collective bargaining contracts promote public health, beyond their known effect on individual, family, and community well-being. In November 2014, we created an abstraction tool to identify health-related elements in 16 union contracts from industries in the Pacific Northwest. After enumerating the contract-protected benefits and working conditions, we interviewed union organizers and members to learn how these promoted …
Strengthening Health Systems in Poor Countries
The challenges facing efforts in Africa to increase access to antiretroviral HIV treatment underscore the urgent need to strengthen national health systems across the continent. However, donor aid to developing countries continues to be disproportionately channeled to international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) rather than to ministries of health. The rapid proliferation of NGOs has provoked “brain drain” from the public sector by luring w…
When Housing First Lasts
Single‐site Housing First (HF) entails the provision of immediate, permanent, low‐barrier supportive housing to chronically homeless individuals within a single building. Studies have shown that greater time spent in HF is associated with reduced publicly funded service utilization and improved health outcomes, but more research is needed to clarify how HF programs might maximize housing stability. In this study, semistructured, qualitative inter…
Trends in Childhood Leukemia in Basrah, Iraq, 1993–2007
Objectives. Through a sister-university relationship between the University of Basrah and the University of Washington, we analyzed Ibn Ghazwan Hospital's leukemia registry data to evaluate trends in childhood leukemia since 1993. Methods. We documented leukemia cases among children aged 0 to 14 years for each of the last 15 years. Population data were obtained from a 1997 census and various subsequent estimates to calculate rates. Results. We ob…
The Role of Public Health in the Prevention of War
In 2009 the American Public Health Association approved the policy statement, “The Role of Public Health Practitioners, Academics, and Advocates in Relation to Armed Conflict and War.” Despite the known health effects of war, the development of competencies to prevent war has received little attention. Public health’s ethical principles of practice prioritize addressing the fundamental causes of disease and adverse health outcomes. A working grou…
Should We End Military Recruiting in High Schools as a Matter of Child Protection and Public Health
Recruiters for the various US armed forces have free access to our nation's high schools, as mandated by the No Child Left Behind Act. Military recruiter behaviors are disturbingly similar to predatory grooming. Adults in the active military service are reported to experience increased mental health risks, including stress, substance abuse, and suicide, and the youngest soldiers consistently show the worst health effects, suggesting military serv…
Did Pepfar investments result in health system strengthening? A retrospective longitudinal study measuring non-HIV health service utilization at the district level
OBJECTIVES : PEPFAR's initial rapid scale-up approach was largely a vertical effort focused fairly exclusively on AIDS. The purpose of our research was to identify spill-over health system effects, if any, of investments intended to stem the HIV epidemic over a 6-year period with evidence from Uganda. The test of whether there were health system expansions (aside from direct HIV programming) was evidence of increases in utilization of non-HIV ser…
How to estimate (and not to estimate) war deaths
Stijn van Weezel and Michael Spagat (2017) have critiqued our 2011 report of mortality in Iraq following the 2003 US-led invasion in this issue of Research & Politics. In this response, we make our case for reporting both direct and indirect excess war-related deaths (while distinguishing the difference), defend our efforts to account for survival bias, and provide evidence for including all household-reported deaths, not just those cases where a…
Foreign-Born Care Givers in Washington State Nursing Homes
The proportion of foreign-born employees in nursing facilities may be associated with improved performance
Applying WHO's 'workforce indicators of staffing need' (Wisn) method to calculate the health worker requirements for India's maternal and child health service guarantees in Orissa State
OBJECTIVE: In one district of Orissa state, we used the World Health Organization's Workforce Indicators of Staffing Need (WISN) method to calculate the number of health workers required to achieve the maternal and child health 'service guarantees' of India's National Rural Health Mission (NRHM). We measured the difference between this ideal number and current staffing levels. METHODS: We collected census data, routine health information data and…
The Use of Community Surveys for Health Planning
A rural health services development program of the University of Washington School of Medicine has worked for 15 years with communities throughout the five‐state region of Alaska, Idaho, Montana, Washington and Wyoming to strengthen their health systems. In the course of that work, 56 communities were surveyed about their utilization and opinions of local health systems. This database allows the following generalizations to be made about rural No…
The migration of physicians from sub-Saharan Africa to the United States of America
BACKGROUND: The objective of this paper is to describe the numbers, characteristics, and trends in the migration to the United States of physicians trained in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: We used the American Medical Association 2002 Masterfile to identify and describe physicians who received their medical training in sub-Saharan Africa and are currently practicing in the USA. RESULTS: More than 23% of America's 771 491 physicians received their …
The Role of International Medical Graduates in America's Small Rural Critical Access Hospitals
Context: Critical access hospitals (CAHs) are a federal Medicare category for isolated rural facilities with 15 or fewer acute care beds that receive cost‐based reimbursement from Medicare. Purpose: This study examines the role of foreign‐born international medical graduates (IMGs) in the staffing of CAHs. Methods: Chief executive officers (CEOs) of CAH facilities answered a telephone survey on their use of IMGs and the characteristics of those I…
The flight of physicians from West Africa
Strengthening Health Systems in Poor Countries
The challenges facing efforts in Africa to increase access to antiretroviral HIV treatment underscore the urgent need to strengthen national health systems across the continent. However, donor aid to developing countries continues to be disproportionately channeled to international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) rather than to ministries of health. The rapid proliferation of NGOs has provoked “brain drain” from the public sector by luring w…
Do International Medical Graduates (IMGs) “Fill the Gap” in Rural Primary Care in the United States? A National Study
Context: The contribution that international medical graduates (IMGs) make to reducing the rural‐urban maldistribution of physicians in the United States is unclear. Quantifying the extent of such “gap filling” has significant implications for planning IMG workforce needs as well as other state and federal initiatives to increase the numbers of rural providers. Purpose: To compare the practice location of IMGs and US medical graduates (USMGs) pra…
Trends in Childhood Leukemia in Basrah, Iraq, 1993–2007
Objectives. Through a sister-university relationship between the University of Basrah and the University of Washington, we analyzed Ibn Ghazwan Hospital's leukemia registry data to evaluate trends in childhood leukemia since 1993. Methods. We documented leukemia cases among children aged 0 to 14 years for each of the last 15 years. Population data were obtained from a 1997 census and various subsequent estimates to calculate rates. Results. We ob…
Hagopian Et Al. Respond
We thank our German colleagues for their interest in our work to measure the changing rates of pediatric leukemia in Basrah, Iraq, over the last 15 years. We appreciate their efforts before ours to measure cancer rates in the region, and their work to support the development of an Iraqi cancer registry, including valuable training for Iraqi epidemiologists. We would be interested in hearing more about their efforts to design a case–control study …
Conflict, health care and professional perseverance
The past three decades have been a time of considerable global conflict, affecting over 50 countries and causing substantial impacts on civilian health. While many effects are direct results of violence, conflict also impinges on health through indirect means. The restricted mobility of health care staff and patients, targeting of health care workers, and stressful working conditions disrupt the ability of health care workers in conflict zones to…
Estimating nurse migration from the Bahamas between 1994 and 2005
The purpose of this study was to collect primary data on the migration patterns of Bahamian nurses who had registered as nurses during the period 1994-2005. We used an established social network identification method developed by Delanyo Dovlo to determine whether (and to where) Bahamian nurses had migrated. We reviewed nursing registrants' records from the Nursing Council of the Commonwealth of the Bahamas. We telephoned two nurses per cohort of…
The experience of Chinese physicians in the national health diplomacy programme deployed to Sudan
Chinese Medical Teams have been working in developing countries since 1963 as a health diplomacy strategy. In 2010, 1252 Chinese medical personnel were assigned to 48 countries. We conducted a review of Chinese literature and governmental websites to describe the history and current distribution of Chinese Medical Teams around the world. In addition, we interviewed members of a 36-member Chinese Medical Team deployed to Sudan (primarily about the…
Should We End Military Recruiting in High Schools as a Matter of Child Protection and Public Health
Recruiters for the various US armed forces have free access to our nation's high schools, as mandated by the No Child Left Behind Act. Military recruiter behaviors are disturbingly similar to predatory grooming. Adults in the active military service are reported to experience increased mental health risks, including stress, substance abuse, and suicide, and the youngest soldiers consistently show the worst health effects, suggesting military serv…
Applying WHO's 'workforce indicators of staffing need' (Wisn) method to calculate the health worker requirements for India's maternal and child health service guarantees in Orissa State
OBJECTIVE: In one district of Orissa state, we used the World Health Organization's Workforce Indicators of Staffing Need (WISN) method to calculate the number of health workers required to achieve the maternal and child health 'service guarantees' of India's National Rural Health Mission (NRHM). We measured the difference between this ideal number and current staffing levels. METHODS: We collected census data, routine health information data and…
Career intentions of medical students in the setting of Nepal's rapidly expanding private medical education system
The number of medical students trained in Nepal each year has increased nearly fifty-fold in the last 15 years, primarily through the creation of private medical schools. It is unknown where this expanding cohort of new physicians will ultimately practice. We distributed an anonymous survey to students in their last 2 years of medical school at four medical schools in Nepal to examine two dimensions of career intention: the intention to practice …
Namibian prisoners describe barriers to HIV antiretroviral therapy adherence
Little is available in scholarly literature about how HIV-positive prisoners, especially in low-income countries, access antiretroviral therapy (ART) medication. We interviewed 18 prisoners at a large prison in Namibia to identify barriers to medication adherence. The lead nurse researcher was a long-standing clinic employee at the prison, which afforded her access to the population. We identified six significant barriers to adherence, including …
Domestic Violence, Marital Control, and Family Planning, Maternal, and Birth Outcomes in Timor-Leste
Foreign-Born Care Givers in Washington State Nursing Homes
The proportion of foreign-born employees in nursing facilities may be associated with improved performance
The Role of Public Health in the Prevention of War
In 2009 the American Public Health Association approved the policy statement, “The Role of Public Health Practitioners, Academics, and Advocates in Relation to Armed Conflict and War.” Despite the known health effects of war, the development of competencies to prevent war has received little attention. Public health’s ethical principles of practice prioritize addressing the fundamental causes of disease and adverse health outcomes. A working grou…
CDC Clearance Process Constitutes an Obstacle to Progress in Public Health
AffiliationsAmy Hagopian and Scott Barnhart are with the Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle. Bert Stover is with the Department of Health Services, University of Washington
Did Pepfar investments result in health system strengthening? A retrospective longitudinal study measuring non-HIV health service utilization at the district level
OBJECTIVES : PEPFAR's initial rapid scale-up approach was largely a vertical effort focused fairly exclusively on AIDS. The purpose of our research was to identify spill-over health system effects, if any, of investments intended to stem the HIV epidemic over a 6-year period with evidence from Uganda. The test of whether there were health system expansions (aside from direct HIV programming) was evidence of increases in utilization of non-HIV ser…
When Housing First Lasts
Single‐site Housing First (HF) entails the provision of immediate, permanent, low‐barrier supportive housing to chronically homeless individuals within a single building. Studies have shown that greater time spent in HF is associated with reduced publicly funded service utilization and improved health outcomes, but more research is needed to clarify how HF programs might maximize housing stability. In this study, semistructured, qualitative inter…
The Role of Labor Unions in Creating Working Conditions That Promote Public Health
We sought to portray how collective bargaining contracts promote public health, beyond their known effect on individual, family, and community well-being. In November 2014, we created an abstraction tool to identify health-related elements in 16 union contracts from industries in the Pacific Northwest. After enumerating the contract-protected benefits and working conditions, we interviewed union organizers and members to learn how these promoted …
Anti-homosexual legislation and HIV-related stigma in African nations
BACKGROUND: Gay men and other men who have sex with men are disproportionately burdened by HIV infection. Laws that penalize same-sex intercourse contribute to a cycle of stigma, homonegativity and discrimination. In many African nations, laws criminalizing homosexuality may be fueling the epidemic, as they dissuade key populations from seeking treatment and health care providers from offering it. OBJECTIVES: We analyzed the ways in which policie…
Why isn’t war properly framed and funded as a public health problem
Why is one of the largest public health problems in the world systematically ignored, underfunded, unrecognized and ill-considered? Why is war not a prominent subject in public health? There is sim
How to estimate (and not to estimate) war deaths
Stijn van Weezel and Michael Spagat (2017) have critiqued our 2011 report of mortality in Iraq following the 2003 US-led invasion in this issue of Research & Politics. In this response, we make our case for reporting both direct and indirect excess war-related deaths (while distinguishing the difference), defend our efforts to account for survival bias, and provide evidence for including all household-reported deaths, not just those cases where a…
Medicine (32 works) · Political science (22 works) · Environmental health (17 works) · Nursing (17 works) · Law (12 works) · Public health (12 works) · Population (11 works) · Psychology (11 works) · Sociology (11 works) · Economic growth (9 works)