Cok Bakker
Biographic Data
| ID | 166702 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Cok Bakker |
| GIVEN NAMES | Cok |
| FAMILY NAME | Bakker |
| SIGNATURE | BAKKER C |
| AFFILIATIONS | Utrecht University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1746-9449 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 18 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 22 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 18 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2013 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Conceptualizing the development of professional journalism
In a constantly shifting context, where journalism is changing in response to evolving dynamics from politicians, the public, and big tech, it is crucial to understand the concepts that characterize the journalism profession. By understanding what journalism is and is not, and who is, or is not a journalist, journalists can reevaluate their added value in a changing society. This paper aims to identify key pressures that have been reshaping the j…
How to breathe new life into the classroom
Mediating between advocacy and freedom of thought
When sustainability is on the agenda, school and education are often assigned a key societal role in providing relevant knowledge and values. However, sustainability advocacy could be problematic when considered against parents’ and children’s formal rights to freedom of thought/belief, creating an ethical tension for teachers. We suggest that classrooms should be pedagogical interspaces and then argue for a narrative ethics approach focusing on …
The professional significance of subjectification
The pedagogical purpose domain of subjectification concerns encouraging students to be a self, while they encounter a pluriform world of others. However, it leaves remarkably ambiguous how teachers are concretely involved in subjectification during their everyday practice. Addressing this lacuna, we introduce teacher subjectification as an analytical perspective on how a teacher-as-a-self interactively constitutes student subjectification. Throug…
Teacher agency in the dynamics of educational practices
In this study, a theory synthesis was conducted from a sociocultural perspective to specify the situated processes involved in teacher agency development in the dynamics of educational practices. Agency is closely related to teacher wellbeing and important for teachers to create situations that enable them to act in line with their understanding of what is valuable and feasible. Both the policy landscape and the nature of educational processes, w…
‘It is never good. Really, it’s just never good’
This article presents a striking finding of our research into the religious identity commitments and process of religious identity development of emerging adults who grew up in strictly Reformed contexts in the Netherlands. We observed a recurrent theme in the life story accounts we studied. Almost all the participants expressed that they feel or felt not good enough for God or believers within strictly Reformed contexts. In this article, we expl…
Teachers stepping up their game in the face of extreme statements
Friction in the classroom may create useful tension for teachers when they attempt to discuss sensitive topics as part of democratic learning. Due to the openness and indeterminacy of these topics, students can experience what it is like to be (political) subjects in a diverse society and become aware of other people’s subjectness in a charged classroom. To better understand how to handle educational friction in the classroom, we observed and int…
Influencing Contextual Factors in the Religious Identity Development of Strict Reformed-Raised Emerging Adults in The Netherlands
Religious identity development is highly influenced by contexts. This influence is even more powerful for young people who grew up in strict religious contexts because of the prominence of orthodox beliefs and practices in everyday life. This article presents which contextual factors were influential on the religious identity development of 18 emerging adults who grew up in strict Reformed contexts in the Netherlands. Moreover, it presents charac…
Practicing democracy in the playground
Research shows that teachers and educators struggle to act when conflict appears in the classroom. This article argues that (political) conflict should not be avoided or eradicated. Teachers should enable conflict and attend to their pupils in the process, in order to enable further understanding of each other and their differences, as part of living together in a plural and diverse society. Scholars and educators often take a deliberative approa…
Religious identity commitments of emerging adults raised in strictly Reformed contexts in the Netherlands
This qualitative study examines the religious identity commitments of 18 emerging adults who grew up in strictly Reformed contexts in the Netherlands. During in-depth narrative interviews with photo elicitation, the participants reflected on who they are and the meaning of religion to their identity. Our thematic data analysis reveals that the participants’ religious identity commitments are diverse and diffuse, although they all were religiously…
Being Young and Strictly Religious
Strictly religious adolescents grow up in highly religious contexts with orthodox beliefs and practices that usually contrast with those of pluralist and secularized societies that can be perceived as promoting unhealthy religious identity development. For these adolescents, religious identity development may be a challenge; however, there seems to be a lack of theoretical and empirical understanding of how these adolescents develop their religio…
I Have Dutch Nationality, But Others Do Not See Me as a Dutchman, of Course”
This interview study examines the attitudes of orthoprax young Muslim adults in the Netherlands toward their context, by distinguishing their perceptions of society and their participation in society. In this study, we discover that orthoprax young Muslim adults oppose themselves to Dutch society and do not feel really connected to it. However, most of the time, they participate in society by having jobs, studying and having friends. We also see …
Differences that matter
Religion and worldview in the work of Marie Muller-Lulofs, a pioneer in Dutch social work
Social workers nowadays are confronted with recurrent issues about religion and spirituality when in contact with diverse client groups. This was also the case in the beginning of the profession around 1900, in Europe as well as in the US. This study analyses the work of a Dutch pioneer in social work, Marie Muller-Lulofs (1854–1954) and presents the religious and worldview aspects of her reflections on social work. Her standard work Van mensch t…
Sources for Religious Identity Development of Orthoprax Muslim Adolescents in the Netherlands
This interview study examines sources for the religious exploration of orthoprax Muslim adolescents in the Netherlands. We use the term sources to emphasize that we are also interested in sources other than parents and other persons. By using our interview guidelines, we succeeded in discovering sources other than persons: for example, specific events and opinions of others in the societal context of the Netherlands. This study also gives insight…
Conceptions of Spirituality among the Dutch Population
This article explores the conceptions of spirituality in a large and representative sample ( N=2313) of the general population in the Netherlands. Spirituality is described mostly in cognitive terms (54%), especially in the form of general references to a transcendent reality (e.g. ‘more between heaven and earth’). Experiential expressions are used in more than a quarter of the descriptions. Important patterns in the descriptions are: spiritualit…
Being ‘Spiritual’ and Being ‘Religious’ in Europe
The present study shows that being 'spiritual' and being 'religious' are becoming different life orientations for a large part of the population. As far as we know, for the first time, a sample from an European country shows that these orientations are reflected in two coherent clusters of beliefs, experiences, and practices of what we call 'new spirituality' on the one hand and 'traditional, church-related religion' on the other hand. In additio…
New Spirituality and Social Engagement
New spirituality has often been accused of being egocentric and thus lacking incentives for social engagement. The discussion on this subject is tangled because authors differ in specifying who they are writing about and what the criticism is. After seeking an adequate demarcation of the target group (people involved in new spirituality), we established a concept of social engagement that distinguishes between behavior that is and that is not dri…
Teachers stepping up their game in the face of extreme statements
Friction in the classroom may create useful tension for teachers when they attempt to discuss sensitive topics as part of democratic learning. Due to the openness and indeterminacy of these topics, students can experience what it is like to be (political) subjects in a diverse society and become aware of other people’s subjectness in a charged classroom. To better understand how to handle educational friction in the classroom, we observed and int…
New Spirituality and Social Engagement
New spirituality has often been accused of being egocentric and thus lacking incentives for social engagement. The discussion on this subject is tangled because authors differ in specifying who they are writing about and what the criticism is. After seeking an adequate demarcation of the target group (people involved in new spirituality), we established a concept of social engagement that distinguishes between behavior that is and that is not dri…
Being ‘Spiritual’ and Being ‘Religious’ in Europe
The present study shows that being 'spiritual' and being 'religious' are becoming different life orientations for a large part of the population. As far as we know, for the first time, a sample from an European country shows that these orientations are reflected in two coherent clusters of beliefs, experiences, and practices of what we call 'new spirituality' on the one hand and 'traditional, church-related religion' on the other hand. In additio…
Differences that matter
Religion and worldview in the work of Marie Muller-Lulofs, a pioneer in Dutch social work
Social workers nowadays are confronted with recurrent issues about religion and spirituality when in contact with diverse client groups. This was also the case in the beginning of the profession around 1900, in Europe as well as in the US. This study analyses the work of a Dutch pioneer in social work, Marie Muller-Lulofs (1854–1954) and presents the religious and worldview aspects of her reflections on social work. Her standard work Van mensch t…
Sources for Religious Identity Development of Orthoprax Muslim Adolescents in the Netherlands
This interview study examines sources for the religious exploration of orthoprax Muslim adolescents in the Netherlands. We use the term sources to emphasize that we are also interested in sources other than parents and other persons. By using our interview guidelines, we succeeded in discovering sources other than persons: for example, specific events and opinions of others in the societal context of the Netherlands. This study also gives insight…
Conceptions of Spirituality among the Dutch Population
This article explores the conceptions of spirituality in a large and representative sample ( N=2313) of the general population in the Netherlands. Spirituality is described mostly in cognitive terms (54%), especially in the form of general references to a transcendent reality (e.g. ‘more between heaven and earth’). Experiential expressions are used in more than a quarter of the descriptions. Important patterns in the descriptions are: spiritualit…
Being ‘Spiritual’ and Being ‘Religious’ in Europe
The present study shows that being 'spiritual' and being 'religious' are becoming different life orientations for a large part of the population. As far as we know, for the first time, a sample from an European country shows that these orientations are reflected in two coherent clusters of beliefs, experiences, and practices of what we call 'new spirituality' on the one hand and 'traditional, church-related religion' on the other hand. In additio…
New Spirituality and Social Engagement
New spirituality has often been accused of being egocentric and thus lacking incentives for social engagement. The discussion on this subject is tangled because authors differ in specifying who they are writing about and what the criticism is. After seeking an adequate demarcation of the target group (people involved in new spirituality), we established a concept of social engagement that distinguishes between behavior that is and that is not dri…
Sources for Religious Identity Development of Orthoprax Muslim Adolescents in the Netherlands
This interview study examines sources for the religious exploration of orthoprax Muslim adolescents in the Netherlands. We use the term sources to emphasize that we are also interested in sources other than parents and other persons. By using our interview guidelines, we succeeded in discovering sources other than persons: for example, specific events and opinions of others in the societal context of the Netherlands. This study also gives insight…
Religion and worldview in the work of Marie Muller-Lulofs, a pioneer in Dutch social work
Social workers nowadays are confronted with recurrent issues about religion and spirituality when in contact with diverse client groups. This was also the case in the beginning of the profession around 1900, in Europe as well as in the US. This study analyses the work of a Dutch pioneer in social work, Marie Muller-Lulofs (1854–1954) and presents the religious and worldview aspects of her reflections on social work. Her standard work Van mensch t…
I Have Dutch Nationality, But Others Do Not See Me as a Dutchman, of Course”
This interview study examines the attitudes of orthoprax young Muslim adults in the Netherlands toward their context, by distinguishing their perceptions of society and their participation in society. In this study, we discover that orthoprax young Muslim adults oppose themselves to Dutch society and do not feel really connected to it. However, most of the time, they participate in society by having jobs, studying and having friends. We also see …
Differences that matter
Being Young and Strictly Religious
Strictly religious adolescents grow up in highly religious contexts with orthodox beliefs and practices that usually contrast with those of pluralist and secularized societies that can be perceived as promoting unhealthy religious identity development. For these adolescents, religious identity development may be a challenge; however, there seems to be a lack of theoretical and empirical understanding of how these adolescents develop their religio…
Influencing Contextual Factors in the Religious Identity Development of Strict Reformed-Raised Emerging Adults in The Netherlands
Religious identity development is highly influenced by contexts. This influence is even more powerful for young people who grew up in strict religious contexts because of the prominence of orthodox beliefs and practices in everyday life. This article presents which contextual factors were influential on the religious identity development of 18 emerging adults who grew up in strict Reformed contexts in the Netherlands. Moreover, it presents charac…
Practicing democracy in the playground
Research shows that teachers and educators struggle to act when conflict appears in the classroom. This article argues that (political) conflict should not be avoided or eradicated. Teachers should enable conflict and attend to their pupils in the process, in order to enable further understanding of each other and their differences, as part of living together in a plural and diverse society. Scholars and educators often take a deliberative approa…
Religious identity commitments of emerging adults raised in strictly Reformed contexts in the Netherlands
This qualitative study examines the religious identity commitments of 18 emerging adults who grew up in strictly Reformed contexts in the Netherlands. During in-depth narrative interviews with photo elicitation, the participants reflected on who they are and the meaning of religion to their identity. Our thematic data analysis reveals that the participants’ religious identity commitments are diverse and diffuse, although they all were religiously…
‘It is never good. Really, it’s just never good’
This article presents a striking finding of our research into the religious identity commitments and process of religious identity development of emerging adults who grew up in strictly Reformed contexts in the Netherlands. We observed a recurrent theme in the life story accounts we studied. Almost all the participants expressed that they feel or felt not good enough for God or believers within strictly Reformed contexts. In this article, we expl…
Teachers stepping up their game in the face of extreme statements
Friction in the classroom may create useful tension for teachers when they attempt to discuss sensitive topics as part of democratic learning. Due to the openness and indeterminacy of these topics, students can experience what it is like to be (political) subjects in a diverse society and become aware of other people’s subjectness in a charged classroom. To better understand how to handle educational friction in the classroom, we observed and int…
Teacher agency in the dynamics of educational practices
In this study, a theory synthesis was conducted from a sociocultural perspective to specify the situated processes involved in teacher agency development in the dynamics of educational practices. Agency is closely related to teacher wellbeing and important for teachers to create situations that enable them to act in line with their understanding of what is valuable and feasible. Both the policy landscape and the nature of educational processes, w…
Conceptualizing the development of professional journalism
In a constantly shifting context, where journalism is changing in response to evolving dynamics from politicians, the public, and big tech, it is crucial to understand the concepts that characterize the journalism profession. By understanding what journalism is and is not, and who is, or is not a journalist, journalists can reevaluate their added value in a changing society. This paper aims to identify key pressures that have been reshaping the j…
How to breathe new life into the classroom
Mediating between advocacy and freedom of thought
When sustainability is on the agenda, school and education are often assigned a key societal role in providing relevant knowledge and values. However, sustainability advocacy could be problematic when considered against parents’ and children’s formal rights to freedom of thought/belief, creating an ethical tension for teachers. We suggest that classrooms should be pedagogical interspaces and then argue for a narrative ethics approach focusing on …
The professional significance of subjectification
The pedagogical purpose domain of subjectification concerns encouraging students to be a self, while they encounter a pluriform world of others. However, it leaves remarkably ambiguous how teachers are concretely involved in subjectification during their everyday practice. Addressing this lacuna, we introduce teacher subjectification as an analytical perspective on how a teacher-as-a-self interactively constitutes student subjectification. Throug…
Sociology (14 works) · Psychology (10 works) · Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology (9 works) · Social Psychology (9 works) · Epistemology (8 works) · Aesthetics (7 works) · Religion and Society Interactions (7 works) · Philosophy (6 works) · Political science (6 works) · Religious Education and Schools (6 works)