Kaveh Khoshnood
Biographic Data
| ID | 167237 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Kaveh Khoshnood |
| GIVEN NAMES | Kaveh |
| FAMILY NAME | Khoshnood |
| SIGNATURE | KHOSHNOOD K |
| AFFILIATIONS | Yale University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2795-0447 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 49 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 33 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 49 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1994 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Displacement Stressors and Sexual and Reproductive Health Challenges for Internally Displaced Young Adults in Northern Mozambique
Sharing Culture and Management of Sex Work Information on Mobile Phones by Female Sex Workers in Nepal
Female sex workers (FSWs) in Nepal continue to be disproportionately at risk for Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), including HIV. Due to stigma related to sex work and HIV, FSWs keep their sex work information hidden, which poses a barrier to seeking health services. Emerging research indicates a high uptake of mobile phones among FSWs in Nepal. Mobile health (mHealth) interventions can provide health information and linkage to care. Howeve…
The effect of conflict on damage to medical facilities in Mariupol, Ukraine
Medical facilities are civilian objects specially protected by international humanitarian law. Despite the need for systematic documentation of the effects of war on medical facilities for judiciary accountability, current methods for surveilling damage to protected civilian objects during ongoing armed conflict are insufficient. Satellite imagery damage assessment confers significant possibilities for investigating patterns of war. We leveraged …
Curricula and resources related to social entrepreneurship and public health innovation within schools of public health in the United States
This paper examines the current state of social innovation and entrepreneurship programming, courses, and centers within schools of public health through a survey data analysis. This report presents a cross-sectional survey conducted among faculty members of public health schools in the United States. The survey aims to determine the availability and current state of student-centered programs and courses centered around social innovation and entr…
Damage to medical complexes in the Gaza Strip during the Israel–Hamas war
INTRODUCTION: Medical facilities are civilian objects specially protected during armed conflict by international humanitarian law (IHL). These protections are customarily applied regardless of the conflict, parties or contexts involved. Attacks on medical care have characterised the bombardment campaign of the Gaza Strip beginning 7 October 2023. This study presents evidence regarding patterns of damage to medical complexes relative to all other …
Accessing breast cancer care in a protracted conflict
The Covid-19 Pandemic, Socioeconomic Effects, and Intimate Partner Violence Against Women
Objectives. To investigate the prevalence, pattern, and socioeconomic risk factors of intimate partner violence (IPV) before and 6 months after the pandemic onset among a cohort of Iranian women. Methods. We conducted a population-based IPV survey among 2502 partnered Iranian women aged 18 to 60 years before (n = 2502) and 6 months after (n=2116) the pandemic’s onset. We estimated prevalence and incidence of psychological, physical, and sexual IP…
Experiences of stigma, mental health, and coping strategies in Lebanon among Lebanese and displaced Syrian men who have sex with men
Transactional sex work and HIV among women in conflict-affected Northeastern Uganda
Although exposure to armed was associated with reporting an HIV-positive serostatus, this relationship was not mediated by engagement in transactional sex. Further research is needed on risk factors that mediate this relationship. The likelihood of reporting a HIV-positive serostatus increased with each additional type of exposure to armed conflict. Thus, screening for exposure to multiple traumatic stressors should occur in HIV prevention settin…
Prevalence and Correlates of Active Amphetamine-Type Stimulant Use Among Female Sex Workers in Malaysia
The use of amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) has been associated with increased sexual risk behaviors and HIV transmission, among other adverse health outcomes. However, ATS use among female sex workers (FSWs) in Malaysia has not yet been characterized. We examined the prevalence and correlates associated with ATS use among Malaysian FSW. Between February and December 2016, 492 FSWs, including cisgender ( n = 299) and transgender ( n = 193) women…
Stress, Marginalization, and Disruption
Lebanon is a diverse and dynamic nation of six million people that has experienced considerable disruption for the last two decades. The Syrian Civil War, which began in 2011, resulted in the displacement of 1.1 million Syrians to Lebanon. Today, Lebanon is the country with the largest per capita number of refugees in the world. In addition, the country experienced a social, economic, and political crisis in 2019 that destabilized the entire soci…
Covid-19 vaccine perceptions in the initial phases of US vaccine roll-out
Our findings can inform the development of interventions where individuals determine the accuracy of vaccine information, and communications campaigns to improve COVID-19 vaccine perceptions, early in the vaccine timeline. Such efforts can increase individual- and population-level awareness of accurate and scientifically sound information regarding vaccines and thereby improve attitudes about vaccines, especially in the early phases of vaccine ro…
Sociodemographic characteristics and HIV risk behaviors of native-born and displaced Syrian men and transgender women who have sex with men in Lebanon
Medication for opioid use disorder in the Arab World
Ethical Decision-making of Health Professionals Caring for People Living with HIV/Aids in Hunan, China
Numerous ethical issues surged the moment acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was discovered. As advocates of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), health professionals encounter many ethical dilemmas in clinical practice. However, it remains unclear how health professionals solve these issues. The descriptive qualitative research was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 22 health professionals from May to August 2018. Three the…
Knowledge and Attitudes of Research Participants in China Toward Electronic Informed Consent in Clinical Trials
This study aims to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of participants and potential participants in clinical trials toward electronic informed consent. We conducted a survey-based cross-sectional study in Hunan Province, China in March 2021. A total of 547 respondents were included in this study. All questions in an 8-item survey section assessing participants' knowledge of electronic informed consent received correct answers from at least 7…
U.S. trainees’ experiences of ethical challenges during research in low- and middle-income countries
High-income country (HIC) trainees are participating in research in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) in increasing numbers, yet the ethical challenges they face have not been well described. We conducted a mixed methods study of U.S. graduate and undergraduate students who conducted research in LMIC, including an online survey and semi-structured interviews. Among 123 online survey respondents, 31% reported ethical challenges and nearly tw…
Developing Quality and Efficiency of Institutional Review Board Review Under a Human Research Protection Program at a Leading Hospital in Central Southern China
This study analyzes the Institutional Review Board (IRB) quality and efficiency at a leading hospital in Central Southern China, under the first three years of a Human Research Protection Program (HRPP). We conducted a descriptive, retrospective analysis from 2015 through 2017. We extracted characteristics from the protocol archive in duplicate. Of 396 protocols submitted, 98% were approved. Mean protocol review time decreased from 23 to 15 calen…
Addressing Covid-19 in humanitarian settings
Refugees and internally displaced persons in humanitarian settings are particularly susceptible to the spread of infectious illnesses such as COVID-19 due to overcrowding and inadequate access to clean water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities. Countries facing conflict or humanitarian emergencies often have damaged or fragmented health systems and little to no capacity to test, isolate, and treat COVID-19 cases. Without a plan to address COVID-1…
Evaluating the effect of village health workers on hospital admission rates and their economic impact in the Kingdom of Bhutan
Background Village health workers (VHWs) in Bhutan play an all-encompassing role in supporting the health of their communities. Recent reports from the Bhutan Ministry of Health have indicated a sharp reduction in the number of working VHWs. As such, our work attempts to estimate the cost saved and the number of averted hospital admissions onto the Bhutanese healthcare system and the individuals who are served by these health workers. Methods We …
Determinants of Women’s Drug Use During Pregnancy
Our paper reports women's drug use during pregnancy and the factors influencing this phenomenon. To safeguard the health and well-being of pregnant women and their unborn children, there is a need for education and awareness raising, implementing couple-based harm reduction approaches to leverage on positive male influences, improving availability of drug treatment, and provision of family planning interventions for women who use drugs
Proxy reliability of the 12-item world health organization disability assessment schedule II among adult patients with mental disorders
Gender Differences in Attitudes Toward Death Among Chinese College Students and the Implications for Death Education Courses
This study aims to explore the attitudes of college-age students to determine how they approach the idea of death by using a questionnaire that explores five separate dimensions of attitudes and beliefs. We received 1,206 completed surveys and found evidence of a substantial gender difference in attitudes toward death. These differences remain after adjustment for differences between males and females in other correlates of death attitudes and ar…
Implementation Evaluation of the Mother‐Child Education Program Among Refugee and Other Vulnerable Communities in Lebanon
Despite the knowledge that quality early childhood development programs, including those that target parental knowledge and behaviors, are essential for ameliorating the negative effects of early-life adversity, robust analyses of their implementation and impact in highly vulnerable settings are scarce. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a pilot wait-list randomized controlled trial (RCT) to assess the impact and the process of implement…
Armed Conflict, Intimate Partner Violence, and Mental Distress of Women in Northeastern Uganda
As global mental health research and programming proliferate, research that prioritizes women's voices and examines marginalized women's mental health outcomes in relation to exposure to violence at community and relational levels of the socioecological model is needed. In a mixed methods, transnational study, we examined armed conflict exposure, intimate partner violence (IPV), and depressive symptoms among 605 women in Northeastern Uganda. We u…
Expanded Access to Naloxone
The United States is in the midst of a prolonged and growing epidemic of accidental and preventable deaths associated with overdoses of licit and illicit opioids. For more than 3 decades, naloxone has been used by emergency medical personnel to pharmacologically reverse overdoses. The peers or family members of overdose victims, however, are most often the actual first responders and are best positioned to intervene within an hour of the onset of…
A decline in HIV-infected needles returned to New Haven's needle exchange program
The New Haven needle exchange program experienced a significant decline in the fraction of returned needles containing human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) proviral DNA. Is this decline due to the operations of the needle exchange or to a shift in clients? Analysis of demographic and behavioral data revealed that only one variable, the race of participating clients, changed significantly over time. However, HIV-1 prevalences in needles given to…
Confidentiality, Privacy, and Respect
Female sex workers (FSWs) from Andhra Pradesh, India, who had participated in HIV research were interviewed to examine participant perspectives on research ethics. Content analysis indicated that aspects of the consent process, staff gender and demeanor, study environment, survey content, time requirements for study participation, and perceived FSW community support for research were key factors influencing whether FSWs perceived their confidenti…
Experiences of stigma, mental health, and coping strategies in Lebanon among Lebanese and displaced Syrian men who have sex with men
Armed Conflict, Intimate Partner Violence, and Mental Distress of Women in Northeastern Uganda
As global mental health research and programming proliferate, research that prioritizes women's voices and examines marginalized women's mental health outcomes in relation to exposure to violence at community and relational levels of the socioecological model is needed. In a mixed methods, transnational study, we examined armed conflict exposure, intimate partner violence (IPV), and depressive symptoms among 605 women in Northeastern Uganda. We u…
Violence, health, and South-North collaboration
Assessment of HIV Testing of Urban Injection Drug Users
Objectives. We sought to determine the extent of HIV testing among urban injection drug users (IDUs) to assess whether an expansion of targeted testing programs would be consistent with national goals to identify previously undetected infections. Methods. IDUs in 5 US cities (Oakland, Calif; Chicago, Ill; Hartford and New Haven, Conn; and Springfield, Mass) were recruited either by chain referral or time–location sampling. The IDUs were questione…
A decline in HIV-infected needles returned to New Haven's needle exchange program
The New Haven needle exchange program experienced a significant decline in the fraction of returned needles containing human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) proviral DNA. Is this decline due to the operations of the needle exchange or to a shift in clients? Analysis of demographic and behavioral data revealed that only one variable, the race of participating clients, changed significantly over time. However, HIV-1 prevalences in needles given to…
Structural interventions to improve opiate maintenance
Writing About Risk
Prevalence of HIV infection and other blood-borne infections in incarcerated and non-incarcerated injection drug users (IDUs) in Mashhad, Iran
Assessing the Efficacy of a Voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing Intervention for Pregnant Women and Male Partners in Urumqi City, China
The regulation of research by funding bodies
Assessment of HIV Testing of Urban Injection Drug Users
Objectives. We sought to determine the extent of HIV testing among urban injection drug users (IDUs) to assess whether an expansion of targeted testing programs would be consistent with national goals to identify previously undetected infections. Methods. IDUs in 5 US cities (Oakland, Calif; Chicago, Ill; Hartford and New Haven, Conn; and Springfield, Mass) were recruited either by chain referral or time–location sampling. The IDUs were questione…
Harm reduction ethics
Expanded Access to Naloxone
The United States is in the midst of a prolonged and growing epidemic of accidental and preventable deaths associated with overdoses of licit and illicit opioids. For more than 3 decades, naloxone has been used by emergency medical personnel to pharmacologically reverse overdoses. The peers or family members of overdose victims, however, are most often the actual first responders and are best positioned to intervene within an hour of the onset of…
Caring for Patients in Low-Resource Settings
Case Jaime, a second-year medical student, has traveled to Zimbabwe for the summer to volunteer at a student- and resident-run health clinic. The clinic is located in a rural area where many people live below the poverty line and lack regular access to health care or basic resources like consistently clean water and electricity
Assessment of hypertension control in a district of Mombasa, Kenya
As populations move to urban centres across East Africa, lifestyle habits that affect cardiovascular disease have changed, affecting non-communicable disease risk. In particular, the prevalence of hypertension, and associated awareness of this life-threatening condition, has not been studied in Mombasa, Kenya. This paper assesses the rates of prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in Old Town, an urban district of the coasta…
Barriers to antiretroviral adherence in HIV-positive patients receiving free medication in Kayunga, Uganda
Global and local efforts have been devoted to increase the supply of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa. Recent qualitative studies suggest that even with free ART, patients may fail to adhere to medication because of socioeconomic barriers such as transportation costs to clinics. The aim of this study was to measure adherence in a population of patients receiving free ART and to examine barriers to adherence. Adherence was measur…
Violent conflict and population health in the Middle East
The United Nations estimates that 2135 Afghan civilians were killed in the first nine months of 2010; 350 of those deaths were a result of attacks by US, NATO and Afghan forces, while the remainder
Opiate use, treatment, and harm reduction in Afghanistan
Violent conflict and opiate use in low and middle-income countries
Confidentiality, Privacy, and Respect
Female sex workers (FSWs) from Andhra Pradesh, India, who had participated in HIV research were interviewed to examine participant perspectives on research ethics. Content analysis indicated that aspects of the consent process, staff gender and demeanor, study environment, survey content, time requirements for study participation, and perceived FSW community support for research were key factors influencing whether FSWs perceived their confidenti…
Knowledge and perceptions of sexual and reproductive health and HIV among perinatally HIV-infected adolescents in rural China
Due to the success of highly active antiretroviral therapy, more children infected with HIV perinatally are living to adolescence. This brings new challenges on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) needs and psychosocial support specific to adolescents. To improve such efforts on long-term care of this vulnerable population, we assessed SRH and HIV knowledge and perceptions among perinatally HIV-infected adolescents (PHIVA). This descriptive cros…
Violence, health, and South-North collaboration
Why female sex workers participate in HIV research
The purpose of this study was to examine factors influencing the motivation for and perceived voluntariness of participation in non-intervention HIV research among female sex workers (FSW) in India. FSW (n = 30) who participated in non-intervention HIV studies in the previous three years were recruited from a local community-based organization. Semi-structured qualitative interviews focused on women's personal and economic motivations for partici…
A qualitative analysis of multi-level barriers to HIV testing among women in Lebanon
While the number of HIV cases in the Middle East and North Africa region is low compared to other regions, recent studies show that incidence is increasing especially among high-risk populations; in particular, little is known about women and HIV in the region. Through semi-structured interviews with sexual healthcare providers and staff at non-governmental organisations, we sought to understand barriers to HIV testing among women in Lebanon. Usi…
Violence Against Trafficked and Nontrafficked Sex Workers in Poland
The narratives of Polish sex workers were examined in this preliminary, exploratory, case narrative study to extend an understanding of their experiences and the factors that place them at risk for adverse health outcomes, including the acquisition and transmission of STDs and diminished well-being. A qualitative study was conducted using standardized open-ended chart abstraction of 32 trafficked or nontrafficked Polish female sex workers who rec…
Quality of life in HIV-infected Chinese women and their family caregivers
China is experiencing a rapid increase in the number of HIV-infected women. In this study, we describe the development and preliminary evaluation of an intervention tailored for Chinese HIV-infected women and caregivers to improve their self- and family management, with goals of enhancing their physical quality of life (QOL) and decreasing their depressive symptomatology. Forty-one HIV-infected women and their caregivers were recruited from two p…
Armed conflict, alcohol misuse, decision-making, and intimate partner violence among women in Northeastern Uganda
This study demonstrates that male partner alcohol misuse is associated with exposure to armed conflict and intimate partner violence-a relationship moderated by healthcare decision-making. These findings encourage the extension of integrated alcohol misuse and intimate partner violence policy and emergency humanitarian programming to include exposure to armed conflict and gendered decision-making practices
The Need to Track Payment Incentives to Participate in HIV Research
Providing incentives is an accepted and common practice in human subjects research, including clinical HIV research. While we know that financial incentives among similar studies can greatly vary, surprisingly little research exists on how to determine when such incentives are excessive or constitute an "undue inducement." Multiple factors, such as risks and benefits, study procedures, study budget, historical precedent, recommendations from inst…
Implementation Evaluation of the Mother‐Child Education Program Among Refugee and Other Vulnerable Communities in Lebanon
Despite the knowledge that quality early childhood development programs, including those that target parental knowledge and behaviors, are essential for ameliorating the negative effects of early-life adversity, robust analyses of their implementation and impact in highly vulnerable settings are scarce. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a pilot wait-list randomized controlled trial (RCT) to assess the impact and the process of implement…
Medicine (44 works) · Psychology (22 works) · Nursing (19 works) · Environmental health (18 works) · Political science (18 works) · Family medicine (17 works) · HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk (17 works) · Psychiatry (17 works) · Sociology (17 works) · Public health (16 works)