Carol A Fowler
Biographic Data
| ID | 1719366 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Carol A Fowler |
| GIVEN NAMES | Carol A |
| FAMILY NAME | Fowler |
| SIGNATURE | FOWLER C A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Haskins Laboratories |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 45 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 487 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 45 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1977 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2021 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
Transposition Effects in an Aksharic Writing System
We tested for transposition effects (TEs) in Hindi (a Modern Indo-Aryan language) using unprimed lexical decision. TEs are defined as less accurate and slower responses to transposed-nonwords (e.g., ‹psate›, formed from base-word ‹paste›) than corresponding replaced-nonwords (e.g., ‹pzute›). In Hindi’s orthography, letters map transparently to phonemes (except schwa), but the letters are arranged into “akshars,” (‹[C n ]V›) which encode open syll…
Relations Between Reading and Speech Manifest Universal Phonological Principle
All writing systems represent speech, providing a means for recording each word of a message. This is achieved by symbolizing the phonological forms of spoken words as well as information conveying grammar and meaning. Alphabetic systems represent the segmental phonology by providing symbols for individual consonants and vowels; some also convey morphological units. Other systems represent syllables (typically CVs) or morphosyllables. In all case…
Language sciences
Phonetic drift in Spanish-English bilinguals
Action, culture and metaphor
Fields, Waves, and Particles
One of the most common activities in which humans engage is talking with each other, yet scientists reflecting on that activity have found it difficult to engage. Some have denied the possibility of scientific accounts of public language, but a broad array of theoretical, empirical, and methodological developments in the past 2 decades have challenged that pessimism. Interdisciplinary efforts are beginning to provide new possibilities for studyin…
Cooperativity and Selectivity in Conversation
Conversing with others is a mundane, daily activity of nearly all humans, yet it is an extraordinary feat of social collaboration that depends on cooperation, social learning, and collective coordination across an array of caring relationships. This article briefly considers the cooperative and selective nature of language and something of its contributions to the structural, social, and developmental character of human action and cognition. In d…
Cosmo's "motor theory" is not the motor theory of Liberman, Cooper, and Mattingly
Seeking a reading machine for the blind and discovering the speech code
A machine that can read printed material to the blind became a priority at the end of World War II with the appointment of a U.S. Government committee to instigate research on sensory aids to improve the lot of blinded veterans. The committee chose Haskins Laboratories to lead a multisite research program. Initially, Haskins researchers overestimated the capacities of users to learn an acoustic code based on the letters of a text, resulting in un…
Listening with a foreign-accent
Speech Production and Perception
The chapter provides an overview of speech production and perception by summarizing research findings and theories in four domains. We describe theories of “phonological competence” in linguistics that characterize what language users know about the sound systems and word forms of their language. Next we summarize research and explanations of “phonological planning” whereby language users intending to speak develop a plan for an utterance at the …
Dynamics and Languaging
We introduce the second of 2 special issues of Ecological Psychology that present papers from a conference, “Grounding Language in Perception and (Inter)action,” held at Gordon College in June 2009. The articles in this issue situate the study of language use in two kinds of context that are central to an understanding of “languaging” activities in the social settings in which they occur. The first is the context of dynamical systems theory. Wall…
Articulatory events are imitated under rapid shadowing
Embodied, Embedded Language Use
Language use has a public face that is as important to study as the private faces under intensive psycholinguistic study. In the domain of phonology, public use of speech must meet an interpersonal "parity" constraint if it is to serve to communicate. That is, spoken language forms must reliably be identified by listeners. To that end, language forms are embodied, at the lowest level of description, as phonetic gestures of the vocal tract that la…
New Affordances for Language
In introducing the articles of this special issue on language, which grew out of the conference "Grounding Language in Perception and (Inter) Action," we take the opportunity to reflect on fundamental aspects of speaking and listening to others that are often overlooked. The act of conversing is marked by context sensitivity, interdependency, impredicativity, irreversibility, and responsibility, among other things. Language entails real work: it …
The reality of phonological forms
Cross language phonetic influences on the speech of French-English bilinguals
The motor theory of speech perception reviewed
Visual Influences on Perception of Speech and Nonspeech Vocal-Tract Events
We report four experiments designed to determine whether visual information affects judgments of acoustically-specified nonspeech events as well as speech events (the “McGurk effect”). Previous findings have shown only weak McGurk effects for nonspeech stimuli, whereas strong effects are found for consonants. We used click sounds that serve as consonants in some African languages, but that are perceived as nonspeech by American English listeners.…
Parsing coarticulated speech in perception
Imitation in shadowing words
Mutual interpersonal postural constraints are involved in cooperative conversation.
The research was designed to evaluate interpersonal coordination during conversation with a new measurement tool. The experiment uses an analysis based on recurrence strategies, known as cross recurrence quantification, to evaluate the shared activity between 2 postural time series in reconstructed phase space. Pairs of participants were found to share more locations in phase space (greater recurrence) in conditions where they were conversing wit…
Shadowing latency and imitation
Obituary
Obituary
Gestural drift in a bilingual speaker of Brazilian Portuguese and English
An event approach to the study of speech perception from a direct-realist perspective
Coarticulation and theories of extrinsic timing
Cross language phonetic influences on the speech of French-English bilinguals
Coordination and Coarticulation in Speech Production
In this article, we consider the concepts of coordination and coarticulation in speech production in the context of a task-dynamic model. Coordination reflects the transient establishment of constrained relationships among articulators that jointly produce linguistically significant actions of the vocal tract – that is phonetic gestures – in a flexible, context-sensitive manner. We ascribe the need for these constraints in part to the requirement…
Phonetic drift in Spanish-English bilinguals
Differential Shortening of Repeated Content Words Produced in Various Communicative Contexts
Three experiments examined the conditions under which repeated words undergo durational shortening in speech. Previous research (Fowler and Housum, 1987) showed that repeated content words are shortened in spontaneous speech. One experiment in the present series found no shortening when words are produced in lists. in a second experiment, reductions were observed for the same words produced in meaningful prose. Words preceded by homophones did no…
Coarticulation Resistance of American English Consonants and its Effects on Transconsonantal Vowel-to-Vowel Coarticulation
We explored the variation in the resistance that lingual and non lingual consonants exhibit to coarticulation by following vowels in the schwa+CV disyllables of two native speakers of English. Generally, lingual consonants other than /g/ were more resistant tho coarticulation than thhe liabial consonants /b/ and /v/. Coarticulation resistance in the consonant also affected articulatory evidence for trans consonantal vowel-to-vowel coarticulation,…
"Compensatory shortening" in monosyllables of spoken English
Parsing coarticulated speech in perception
Vowel duration and closure duration in voiced and unvoiced stops
Articulatory events are imitated under rapid shadowing
Listening with a foreign-accent
Shadowing latency and imitation
The syllable's rhyme affects its P-center as a unit
Reply to commentators
On Interpreting the Error Pattern in Beginning Reading
The error pattern in beginning reading was examined from two perspectives: the location of a misread consonant or vowel segment within the syllable and the phonetic relationship between a consonant or vowel and a misreading of it. The first analysis showed, as earlier work had led us to expect, that consonants in the final position in a syllable were more frequently misread than initial consonants. In contrast, the position of a vowel within the …
Calling a mirage a mirage
Formal relationships among words and the organization of the mental lexicon
Transposition Effects in an Aksharic Writing System
We tested for transposition effects (TEs) in Hindi (a Modern Indo-Aryan language) using unprimed lexical decision. TEs are defined as less accurate and slower responses to transposed-nonwords (e.g., ‹psate›, formed from base-word ‹paste›) than corresponding replaced-nonwords (e.g., ‹pzute›). In Hindi’s orthography, letters map transparently to phonemes (except schwa), but the letters are arranged into “akshars,” (‹[C n ]V›) which encode open syll…
Language sciences
Action, culture and metaphor
Cosmo's "motor theory" is not the motor theory of Liberman, Cooper, and Mattingly
Seeking a reading machine for the blind and discovering the speech code
A machine that can read printed material to the blind became a priority at the end of World War II with the appointment of a U.S. Government committee to instigate research on sensory aids to improve the lot of blinded veterans. The committee chose Haskins Laboratories to lead a multisite research program. Initially, Haskins researchers overestimated the capacities of users to learn an acoustic code based on the letters of a text, resulting in un…
Visual Influences on Perception of Speech and Nonspeech Vocal-Tract Events
We report four experiments designed to determine whether visual information affects judgments of acoustically-specified nonspeech events as well as speech events (the “McGurk effect”). Previous findings have shown only weak McGurk effects for nonspeech stimuli, whereas strong effects are found for consonants. We used click sounds that serve as consonants in some African languages, but that are perceived as nonspeech by American English listeners.…
On Interpreting the Error Pattern in Beginning Reading
The error pattern in beginning reading was examined from two perspectives: the location of a misread consonant or vowel segment within the syllable and the phonetic relationship between a consonant or vowel and a misreading of it. The first analysis showed, as earlier work had led us to expect, that consonants in the final position in a syllable were more frequently misread than initial consonants. In contrast, the position of a vowel within the …
Apprehending Spelling Patterns for Vowels
This study investigates the extent to which children and adults are responsive to orthographic regularities in their readings of nonsense sysllables that conform to the phonology and spelling conventions of English words. College students and children of the second, third and fourth years of elementary school read a list of nonsense monosyllables in which most common vowel spellings were presented. Their vowel responses were analyzed according to…
Coarticulation and theories of extrinsic timing
Realism and unrealism
Reply to commentators
An event approach to the study of speech perception from a direct-realist perspective
Talkers' signaling of “new” and “old” words in speech and listeners' perception and use of the distinction
Formal relationships among words and the organization of the mental lexicon
Differential Shortening of Repeated Content Words Produced in Various Communicative Contexts
Three experiments examined the conditions under which repeated words undergo durational shortening in speech. Previous research (Fowler and Housum, 1987) showed that repeated content words are shortened in spontaneous speech. One experiment in the present series found no shortening when words are produced in lists. in a second experiment, reductions were observed for the same words produced in meaningful prose. Words preceded by homophones did no…
The syllable's rhyme affects its P-center as a unit
Real Objects of Speech Perception
I agree with Diehl and Kluender (1989) that perceptual constraints guide the development of sound inventories and of phonological processes in languages. I disagree that these constraints are primary in comparison with other influences on sound inventories, such as articulatory ones. More important, I disagree that any of the evidence that Diehl and Kluender cite, indicates that objects of perception are auditory or acoustic rather than phonetic …
Calling a mirage a mirage
"Compensatory shortening" in monosyllables of spoken English
Vowel duration and closure duration in voiced and unvoiced stops
Coordination and Coarticulation in Speech Production
In this article, we consider the concepts of coordination and coarticulation in speech production in the context of a task-dynamic model. Coordination reflects the transient establishment of constrained relationships among articulators that jointly produce linguistically significant actions of the vocal tract – that is phonetic gestures – in a flexible, context-sensitive manner. We ascribe the need for these constraints in part to the requirement…
English Speech Rhythm
Gestural drift in a bilingual speaker of Brazilian Portuguese and English
Imitation as a Basis for Phonetic Learning After the Critical Period
Proceedings of the 25th Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (2000)
Coarticulation Resistance of American English Consonants and its Effects on Transconsonantal Vowel-to-Vowel Coarticulation
We explored the variation in the resistance that lingual and non lingual consonants exhibit to coarticulation by following vowels in the schwa+CV disyllables of two native speakers of English. Generally, lingual consonants other than /g/ were more resistant tho coarticulation than thhe liabial consonants /b/ and /v/. Coarticulation resistance in the consonant also affected articulatory evidence for trans consonantal vowel-to-vowel coarticulation,…
Obituary
Obituary
Obituary
Mutual interpersonal postural constraints are involved in cooperative conversation.
The research was designed to evaluate interpersonal coordination during conversation with a new measurement tool. The experiment uses an analysis based on recurrence strategies, known as cross recurrence quantification, to evaluate the shared activity between 2 postural time series in reconstructed phase space. Pairs of participants were found to share more locations in phase space (greater recurrence) in conditions where they were conversing wit…
Shadowing latency and imitation
Imitation in shadowing words
Psychology (41 works) · Computer Science (30 works) · Linguistics (29 works) · Phonetics and Phonology Research (26 works) · Speech recognition (19 works) · Cognitive psychology (17 works) · Linguistic Variation and Morphology (17 works) · Artificial Intelligence (14 works) · Philosophy (14 works) · Perception (13 works)