Alastair H Leyland
Biographic Data
| ID | 1729949 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Alastair H Leyland |
| GIVEN NAMES | Alastair H |
| FAMILY NAME | Leyland |
| SIGNATURE | LEYLAND A H |
| AFFILIATIONS | MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3741-7099 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 105 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 266 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 105 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1993 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Effects of hydro-meteorological and geological disasters on vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks and routine immunisation amongst children
Hydro-meteorological and geological disasters can pose serious harm to community health, such as an increased risk of infectious diseases and related mortality. We conducted a scoping review to compile the available literature on the effects of hydro-meteorological and geological disasters on routine immunisation and vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) outbreaks among children and adolescents under 18 years. We searched Medline, Embase, Global Heal…
Intersectional inequalities in healthcare utilisation in informal settlements in Freetown, Sierra Leone
Introduction Residents of informal settlements face significant intersectional inequalities, due to the overlapping and compounding effects of multiple social factors. This study aims to explore how these intersecting social factors, identified by community members, combine to shape household-level inequalities healthcare utilisation (HU) among residents of informal settlements in Freetown, Sierra Leone. Methods This study employed participatory …
Mortalidad prematura por enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y privación material en una capital brasileña
El objetivo de este estudio es investigar la desigualdad en la distribución de la mortalidad prematura por enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles (ECNT) en Belo Horizonte y su evolución temporal. Estudio ecológico descriptivo. Se calcularon las tasas de mortalidad según los estratos del Índice Brasileño de Privación (IBP) en 2010-2012 (T1) y 2017-2019 (T2). Se compararon las tasas y la variación porcentual (VP) de estas según el IBP y los trienio…
Premature mortality due to non-communicable diseases and deprivation in a Brazilian state capital
This study aims to investigate the inequality in the distribution of premature mortality from non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) in the city of Belo Horizonte and its temporal evolution. Descriptive ecological study. Mortality rates were calculated according to the Brazilian Deprivation Index (BDI) in 2010-2012 (T1) and 2017-2019 (T2). The rates and the percentage variation (PV) were compared by BDI and triennia. Higher rates were found in …
Mortalidade prematura por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e privação material em uma capital brasileira
O objetivo deste estudo é investigar a desigualdade na distribuição da mortalidade prematura por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) em Belo Horizonte e sua evolução temporal. Estudo ecológico descritivo. Taxas de mortalidade foram calculadas segundo estratos do Índice Brasileiro de Privação (IBP) nos triênios 2010-2012 (T1) e 2017-2019 (T2). Comparou-se as taxas e a variação percentual (VP) destas pelo IBP e triênios. Taxas mais altas no …
How can we maximise the benefits of smoke-free prisons? Decision analytic model to predict potential impacts on public health
Tobacco smoking prevalence remains high in disadvantaged populations such as people in prison. Smokefree prisons protect health, however around 90% of people who smoke pre-prison, relapse to smoking shortly after release. If people released from smokefree prisons maintain smoking abstinence this could benefit their health and finances. Knock-on effects of smoking relapse on families could also be avoided. Offering an intervention to reduce relaps…
The Minha Casa Minha Vida social housing programme and leprosy in Brazil
This study found a higher risk of leprosy associated with MCMVP that may reflect reverse causality. Our findings suggest the programme is, in fact, reaching the most vulnerable individuals, as intended in its objectives. Besides, the higher risk of leprosy among MCMVP beneficiaries even before receiving the benefit observed in sensitivity analysis may reflect residual confounding factors related
Effect of comprehensive tobacco control policies on maternal and child outcomes
Comprehensive tobacco control measures were associated with reduction in maternal smoking during pregnancy, pre-eclampsia and SGA, underscoring their potential to improve perinatal outcomes and supporting the global implementation of WHO-recommended tobacco-control strategies
Health inequalities at the intersection of multiple social determinants among under five children residing Nairobi urban slums
In this analysis we examine through an intersectionality lens how key social determinants of health (SDOH) are associated with health conditions among under-five children (
The potential of early years’ childcare to reduce mental health inequalities of school age children in Scotland
Preschool childcare is considered an important policy for reducing inequalities in children's cognitive and socio-emotional development, although the population-level benefits for children under three years, is less clear. We examined the potential for childcare across the whole early years' period to benefit mental health and reduce inequalities, under different hypothetical policy scenarios, in the Growing Up in Scotland study. Marginal structu…
The effects of social determinants on children’s health outcomes in Bangladesh slums through an intersectionality lens
Empirical evidence suggests that the health outcomes of children living in slums are poorer than those living in non-slums and other urban areas. Improving health especially among children under five years old (U5y) living in slums, requires a better understanding of the social determinants of health (SDoH) that drive their health outcomes. Therefore, we aim to investigate how SDoH collectively affects health outcomes of U5y living in Bangladesh …
The intersection of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status
Low SES magnified racial inequalities in cervical cancer mortality. The intersection between race/ethnicity, SES and gender needs to be addressed to reduce racial health inequalities
Using administrative data to evaluate national policy impacts on child and maternal health
Reducing health inequalities by addressing the social circumstances in which children are conceived and raised is a societal priority. Early interventions are key to improving outcomes in childhood and long-term into adulthood. Across the UK nations, there is strong political commitment to invest in the early years. National policy interventions aim to tackle health inequalities and deliver health equity for all children. Evidence to determine th…
Mental health and loneliness in Scottish schools
BACKGROUND: Adolescent loneliness and poor mental health represent dual public health concerns. Yet, associations between loneliness and mental health, and critically, how these associations vary in school settings are less understood. AIMS: Framed by social-ecological theory, we aimed to identify key predictors of adolescent mental health and examine school-level variation in the relationship between loneliness and mental health. SAMPLE: Cross-s…
Unequally Unequal? Contextual-level status inequality and social cohesion moderating the association between individual-level socioeconomic position and systemic chronic inflammation
Inequalities in hs-CRP were greatest among participants living in areas wherein a majority of residents were in advantaged SEPs and social cohesion was low. In other combinations of these contextual characteristics, inequalities in systemic chronic inflammation were not detectable or potentially even reversed
Loneliness and personal well‐being in young people
INTRODUCTION: Loneliness is prevalent among young people. But, there is little work exploring the association between loneliness with well-being among this age group. Framed by social-ecological theory, we examined demographic, interpersonal, and community factors associated with personal wellbeing and, critically, identified malleable moderators of the relationship between loneliness and well-being that could be targeted in intervention efforts.…
Differentials in death count records by databases in Brazil in 2010
OBJECTIVE To compare the death counts from three sources of information on mortality available in Brazil in 2010, the Mortality Information System (SIM - Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade ), Civil Registration Statistic System (RC - Sistema de Estatísticas de Resgistro Civil ), and the 2010 Demographic Census at various geographical levels, and to confirm the association between municipal socioeconomic characteristics and the source which …
Comparison of mortality hazard ratios associated with health behaviours in Canada and the United States
Even when methodological and population differences are minimal, the association of health behaviours and mortality can vary across populations. It is therefore important to be cautious of between-study variation when aggregating relative effect estimates from differing populations, and when using external effect estimates for population health research and policy development
Implementation of a national smoke-free prison policy
Implementing a smoke-free prison policy is cost-effective over the short term and long term for people in custody and staff
Does persistent precarious employment affect health outcomes among working age adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Mortality inequalities measured by socioeconomic indicators in Brazil
OBJECTIVE Summarize the literature on the relationship between composite socioeconomic indicators and mortality in different geographical areas of Brazil. METHODS This scoping review included articles published between January 1, 2000, and August 31, 2020, retrieved by means of a bibliographic search carried out in the Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Lilacs databases. Studies reporting on the association between composite socioeconomic indic…
Comparing population-level mental health of UK workers before and during the Covid-19 pandemic
OBJECTIVES: The COVID-19 pandemic has substantially affected workers' mental health. We investigated changes in UK workers' mental health by industry, socioeconomic class and occupation and differential effects by UK country of residence, gender and age. METHODS: We used representative Understanding Society data from 6474 adults (41 207 observations) in paid employment who participated in pre-pandemic (2017-2020) and at least one COVID-19 survey.…
Occupation and risk of severe Covid-19
OBJECTIVES: To investigate severe COVID-19 risk by occupational group. METHODS: Baseline UK Biobank data (2006-10) for England were linked to SARS-CoV-2 test results from Public Health England (16 March to 26 July 2020). Included participants were employed or self-employed at baseline, alive and aged <65 years in 2020. Poisson regression models were adjusted sequentially for baseline demographic, socioeconomic, work-related, health, and lifestyle…
Mental health and health behaviours before and during the initial phase of the Covid-19 lockdown
Background There are concerns that COVID-19 mitigation measures, including the ‘lockdown’, may have unintended health consequences. We examined trends in mental health and health behaviours in the UK before and during the initial phase of the COVID-19 lockdown and differences across population subgroups. Methods Repeated cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of the UK Household Longitudinal Study, including representative samples of over 27,0…
Scaling Covid-19 against inequalities
Background The mortality impact of COVID-19 has thus far been described in terms of crude death counts. We aimed to calibrate the scale of the modelled mortality impact of COVID-19 using age-standardised mortality rates and life expectancy contribution against other, socially determined, causes of death in order to inform governments and the public. Methods We compared mortality attributable to suicide, drug poisoning and socioeconomic inequality…
Urban/rural inequalities in suicide in Scotland, 1981-1999
Mental health and health behaviours before and during the initial phase of the Covid-19 lockdown
Background There are concerns that COVID-19 mitigation measures, including the ‘lockdown’, may have unintended health consequences. We examined trends in mental health and health behaviours in the UK before and during the initial phase of the COVID-19 lockdown and differences across population subgroups. Methods Repeated cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of the UK Household Longitudinal Study, including representative samples of over 27,0…
Living Apart, Losing Sympathy? How Neighbourhood Context Affects Attitudes to Redistribution and to Welfare Recipients
Rising levels of income inequality have been directly linked to rising levels of spatial segregation. In this paper we explore whether rising segregation may in turn erode support for the redistributive policies of the welfare state, further increasing levels of inequality-a form of positive feedback. The role of the neighbourhood has been neglected in attitudes research but, building on both political geography and 'neighbourhood effects' litera…
Getting sicker quicker”
Data from the longitudinal West of Scotland Twenty-07 STUDY: Health in the Community was used to examine whether, over a 20 year period, the self-reported health of people living in deprived areas became poorer faster compared to those living in more affluent areas. Three cohorts (born in the early 1930s, 1950s and 1970s) are included, covering 60 years of the life span. Using multilevel growth curve models, a 40% probability of reporting poor he…
Spatial clustering of mental disorders and associated characteristics of the neighbourhood context in Malmö, Sweden, in 2001
Study objective: Previous research provides preliminary evidence of spatial variations of mental disorders and associations between neighbourhood social context and mental health. This study expands past literature by (1) using spatial techniques, rather than multilevel models, to compare the spatial distributions of two groups of mental disorders (that is, disorders due to psychoactive substance use, and neurotic, stress related, and somatoform …
The increasing lifespan variation gradient by area-level deprivation
All in it Together'? Social Cohesion in a Divided Society
This paper asks whether where someone lives bears any association with their attitudes to inequality and income redistribution, focusing on the relative contribution of neighbourhood income, density and ethnic composition. People on higher incomes showed higher support for redistribution when living in more deprived neighbourhoods. People with lower levels of altruism had higher levels of support for redistribution in neighbourhoods of higher den…
School effects on pupils' health behaviours
Compared with the volume of research on school effects on educational outcomes, and in spite of growing interest in the health promoting school, there are very few studies that have investigated the way schools influence pupils' health behaviours. This paper reports the results of a longitudinal study of over 2000 young people in the West of Scotland who were followed from the end of primary school (age 11) to the end of statutory education (age …
Developing a new small-area measure of deprivation using 2001 and 2011 census data from Scotland
Material deprivation contributes to inequalities in health; areas of high deprivation have higher rates of ill-health. How deprivation is measured has a great impact on its explanatory power with respect to health. We compare previous deprivation measures used in Scotland and proposes a new deprivation measure using the 2001 and 2011 Scottish census data. We calculate the relative index of inequality (RII) for self-reported health and mortality. …
The impact on health of employment and welfare transitions for those receiving out-of-work disability benefits in the UK
A comparison of health inequalities in urban and rural Scotland
Increasing inequalities in premature mortality in Great Britain
Study objective: To describe inequalities in all cause premature mortality between and within regions of Great Britain and how these inequalities have changed between 1979 and 1998. Design: Retrospective study using routine population and death data aggregated into five year age and sex groups for each of 20 years. Setting: All 459 local authority districts (England and Wales) and local government districts (Scotland). Participants: Estimated pop…
Childhood residential mobility and health in late adolescence and adulthood
BACKGROUND: The relationship between childhood residential mobility and health in the UK is not well established; however, research elsewhere suggests that frequent childhood moves may be associated with poorer health outcomes and behaviours. The aim of this paper was to compare people in the West of Scotland who were residentially stable in childhood with those who had moved in terms of a range of health measures. METHODS: A total of 850 respond…
Dying younger in Scotland
Given previous evidence that not all Scotland's higher mortality compared to England & Wales (E&W) can be explained by deprivation, the aim was to enhance understanding of this excess by analysing changes in deprivation and mortality in Scotland and E&W between 1981 and 2011. Mortality was compared by means of direct standardisation and log-linear Poisson regression models, adjusting for age, sex and deprivation. Different measures of deprivation…
Scottish mortality rates 2000-2002 by deprivation and small area population mobility
Comparing the effects of neighbourhood characteristics on all-cause mortality using two hierarchical areal units in the capital region of Helsinki
Population mobility, deprivation and self-reported limiting long-term illness in small areas across Scotland
This study investigates population mobility and its relationship with area level deprivation and health. Based on UK movement in the year preceding the 2001 census, small areas in Scotland were classified as being one of the following population types; decreasing, increasing or stable (with high or low turnover). In the most deprived areas, illness rates for those under 65 were significantly lower in stable populations with low turnover than in o…
Life course influence of residential area on cause-specific mortality
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relative influence of area of residence on mortality risk along the life course in different age groups and to see if this differs for causes known to be related differently to various models of the life course. METHODS: Individual data from the Censuses in 1960, 1970, 1980 and 1990 from Oslo, Norway, were linked to the death register 1990-1998. All male inhabitants living in Oslo in 1990 aged 30-69 years who had lived i…
The intersection of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status
Low SES magnified racial inequalities in cervical cancer mortality. The intersection between race/ethnicity, SES and gender needs to be addressed to reduce racial health inequalities
Creating small-area deprivation indices
Small-area composite measures (such as for deprivation, \ngeographic access or green space) have become \nincreasing popular among both researchers and policy \nmakers and are frequently used to compare or rank \nareas. Because of their seeming simplicity and wide \nappeal, it is important to set out for researchers and \nusers the different stages and options that underlie the \ndevelopment of composite indices. Using small area \ndeprivation me…
Selective internal migration. Does it explain Glasgow's worsening mortality record
Socioeconomic gradients in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in Scotland
Objective: To investigate whether occupational social class and area deprivation are independently associated with the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) conditions after adjustment for smoking status. Design: Stratified multistage random sample analysed using multilevel logistic regression. Participants: 8804 adults aged 18–74 at time of interview in 1998–1999, clustered in 312 small areas. The outcome considered was a self report of doc…
Urban–Rural Inequalities in Ischemic Heart Disease in Scotland, 1981–1999
Objectives. We sought to describe the pattern and magnitude of urban–rural variation in ischemic heart disease (IHD) in Scotland and to examine the associations among IHD health indicators, level of rurality, and degree of socioeconomic deprivation. Methods. We used routine population and health data on the population aged 40–74 years between 1981 and 1999 and living in 826 small areas (average population=5600) in Scotland. Three IHD health indic…
The Use of Capture-Recapture Methodology To Estimate and Describe Covert Populations
Utilisation de la méthodologie capture-recapture pour estimer et décrire des populations cachées: une application dans l'étude des prostituées de Glasgow. Utilisation de la méthode de capture-recapture pour estimer et décrire des populations clandestines: application à l'étude de prostituées de Glasgow. Le but de l'étude est d'estimer l'effectif de la population des prostituées de Glasgow et ainsi, en utilisant les données recueillies sur le taux…
Socioeconomic and racial differences in obstetric procedures
Socioeconomic and racial differences in obstetric procedures. A Leyland S. Christine Zahniser, and Juliette S. Kendrick CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.83.8.1178 Published Online: October 07, 2011
The Use of Capture-Recapture Methodology To Estimate and Describe Covert Populations
Utilisation de la méthodologie capture-recapture pour estimer et décrire des populations cachées: une application dans l'étude des prostituées de Glasgow. Utilisation de la méthode de capture-recapture pour estimer et décrire des populations clandestines: application à l'étude de prostituées de Glasgow. Le but de l'étude est d'estimer l'effectif de la population des prostituées de Glasgow et ainsi, en utilisant les données recueillies sur le taux…
Socioeconomic and racial differences in obstetric procedures
Socioeconomic and racial differences in obstetric procedures. A Leyland S. Christine Zahniser, and Juliette S. Kendrick CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.83.8.1178 Published Online: October 07, 2011
The effect of previous cesarean sections on current cesarean rates
The effect of previous cesarean sections on current cesarean rates. A LeylandCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.83.1.115-a Published Online: November 15, 2011
School effects on pupils' health behaviours
Compared with the volume of research on school effects on educational outcomes, and in spite of growing interest in the health promoting school, there are very few studies that have investigated the way schools influence pupils' health behaviours. This paper reports the results of a longitudinal study of over 2000 young people in the West of Scotland who were followed from the end of primary school (age 11) to the end of statutory education (age …
Increasing inequalities in premature mortality in Great Britain
Study objective: To describe inequalities in all cause premature mortality between and within regions of Great Britain and how these inequalities have changed between 1979 and 1998. Design: Retrospective study using routine population and death data aggregated into five year age and sex groups for each of 20 years. Setting: All 459 local authority districts (England and Wales) and local government districts (Scotland). Participants: Estimated pop…
Assessing the impact of mobility on health
Background/Aim: Estrogen receptor-alpha is usually expressed in normal cervical tissue, but its presence is decreased or absent in invasive cervical cancer indicating that its expression is lost during development of invasive cervical cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate ESR1 promoter methylation in cervical cancer and correlate methylation status with clinico-pathological parameters. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients treat…
Contextual effect on mortality of neighbourhood level education explained by earlier life deprivation
value,0.01, ***p value,0.001. Proportion in each neighbourhood with primary education only, lowest quartile of neighbourhoods ranging from 0 to 0.32 and highest from 0.36 to 0.44
Socioeconomic gradients in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in Scotland
Objective: To investigate whether occupational social class and area deprivation are independently associated with the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) conditions after adjustment for smoking status. Design: Stratified multistage random sample analysed using multilevel logistic regression. Participants: 8804 adults aged 18–74 at time of interview in 1998–1999, clustered in 312 small areas. The outcome considered was a self report of doc…
Urban/rural inequalities in suicide in Scotland, 1981-1999
Spatial clustering of mental disorders and associated characteristics of the neighbourhood context in Malmö, Sweden, in 2001
Study objective: Previous research provides preliminary evidence of spatial variations of mental disorders and associations between neighbourhood social context and mental health. This study expands past literature by (1) using spatial techniques, rather than multilevel models, to compare the spatial distributions of two groups of mental disorders (that is, disorders due to psychoactive substance use, and neurotic, stress related, and somatoform …
Urban–Rural Inequalities in Ischemic Heart Disease in Scotland, 1981–1999
Objectives. We sought to describe the pattern and magnitude of urban–rural variation in ischemic heart disease (IHD) in Scotland and to examine the associations among IHD health indicators, level of rurality, and degree of socioeconomic deprivation. Methods. We used routine population and health data on the population aged 40–74 years between 1981 and 1999 and living in 826 small areas (average population=5600) in Scotland. Three IHD health indic…
A comparison of health inequalities in urban and rural Scotland
Cause-specific inequalities in mortality in Scotland
General reductions in mortality in the major causes of death (ischaemic heart disease, malignant neoplasms) are encouraging; however, such reductions were socially patterned. Relative inequalities in mortality have increased and are greatest among younger adults where deaths related to unfavourable lifestyles call for direct social policies to address poverty
Effects of fully-established Sure Start Local Programmes on 3-year-old children and their families living in England
Population mobility, deprivation and self-reported limiting long-term illness in small areas across Scotland
This study investigates population mobility and its relationship with area level deprivation and health. Based on UK movement in the year preceding the 2001 census, small areas in Scotland were classified as being one of the following population types; decreasing, increasing or stable (with high or low turnover). In the most deprived areas, illness rates for those under 65 were significantly lower in stable populations with low turnover than in o…
Life course influence of residential area on cause-specific mortality
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relative influence of area of residence on mortality risk along the life course in different age groups and to see if this differs for causes known to be related differently to various models of the life course. METHODS: Individual data from the Censuses in 1960, 1970, 1980 and 1990 from Oslo, Norway, were linked to the death register 1990-1998. All male inhabitants living in Oslo in 1990 aged 30-69 years who had lived i…
Multilevel Modeling of Regional Variation in Equity in Health Care
BACKGROUND: The use of a concentration index is recommended to estimate socioeconomic equity in health and health services. Methods for the analysis of concentration indices have been developed in several studies. However, these methods do not take into consideration clustering within areas, which is necessary in a comprehensive study of regional variations in equity. OBJECTIVES: The study aims to develop a statistical method to assess variations…
Is the "Glasgow effect" of cigarette smoking explained by socio-economic status
High levels of smoking in Greater Glasgow were attributable to its poorer socio-economic position and the strong social patterning of smoking. Tackling Glasgow's, and indeed Scotland's, poor health must involve policies to alleviate problems associated with poverty
Increasing socioeconomic inequalities in first acute myocardial infarction in Scotland, 1990–92 and 2000–02
Relative socioeconomic inequalities in AMI incidence have increased and gradients are steepest in young women. The geographical patterning of AMI incidence cannot be fully explained by socioeconomic deprivation. The reduction of inequalities in AMI incidence is key to reducing overall inequalities in mortality and must be a priority if Scotland is to achieve its health potential
A multilevel analysis of diet and socio-economic status in Scotland
Objective To investigate differences between dietary habits in Glasgow and those in the rest of Scotland and the role that socio-economic factors have in explaining these. Design Data on age, sex, area deprivation, social class, educational qualifications, economic activity, health board region, postcode sector area and informants’ usual intake of foods covering sugary foods, snacks, fibre, starch, meat, fish, spreading fats, dairy products, salt…
Comparing the effects of neighbourhood characteristics on all-cause mortality using two hierarchical areal units in the capital region of Helsinki
Association of body mass index, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio with mortality in the Scottish Health Surveys
Objective: To compare magnitudes of association of BMI and measures of regional adiposity with coronary heart disease, diabetes and all-cause mortality. Design: 2 prospective cohort and 2 cross sectional studies. Participants: Members of 4 UK cohorts aged >45 years: 3937 women from the British Women's Heart and Health Study (BWHHS), 2367 and 1950 men from phases 1 and 3 of the Caerphilly Prospective Study (CaPS), 403 men and women from Boyd Orr, …
The social patterning of deaths due to assault in Scotland, 1980–2005
OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to explore the extent of the social gradient for deaths due to assault and its impact on overall inequalities in mortality and to investigate the contribution to assault mortality of knives and other sharp weapons. DESIGN: An analysis of death records and contemporaneous population estimates was conducted. SETTING: The authors investigated the social patterning of homicide in Scotland. PARTICIPANTS: T…
Socio-economic patterning of the trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors in Scotland
Background In Scotland, as in other countries, cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality has substantially declined over time. However, this decline may be slowing among younger groups and there are still large inequalities in mortality between socio-economic groups. Objectives To examine secular changes in the prevalence of known CVD risk factors in the Scottish population according to socio-economic position. Design Representative data on health a…
Associations between marital status and survival after a first acute myocardial infarction in Scotland, 1988–2004
Background There is evidence that marriage has a beneficial effect on health; unmarried experience higher mortality and incidence of mental and physical disorders. In particular, being unmarried is associated with elevated coronary heart disease mortality. Objectives Investigate the association between marital status and survival after a first acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and any trends and relationships with age, sex and deprivation. Design…
Medicine (90 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (71 works) · Demography (70 works) · Population (66 works) · Environmental health (62 works) · Gerontology (39 works) · Socioeconomic status (35 works) · Demography (33 works) · Sociology (33 works) · Geography (31 works)