Karestan C Koenen
Biographic Data
| ID | 178798 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Karestan C Koenen |
| GIVEN NAMES | Karestan C |
| FAMILY NAME | Koenen |
| SIGNATURE | KOENEN K C |
| AFFILIATIONS | Harvard University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2978-7655 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 69 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 240 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 69 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2001 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Psychometric properties of the culturally adapted 10-item Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL-10-SW) anxiety subscale for southwestern Madagascar
Mental health conditions, including anxiety disorders, are a major cause of morbidity across Sub-Saharan Africa.There are scarce mental health resources and providers in Madagascar, which substantiates a need for clear and accessible assessment tools for assessing mental health conditions.Yet, prior to this study, there were no validated scales to measure anxiety disorder symptoms in Madagascar.We assessed the psychometric properties of the cultu…
Caregiving responsibilities, living alone, and mental health among older women during a time of collective stress
Effects of caregiving responsibilities and living alone are not uniform, even during times of heightened stress. Caregiving stress and social support matter. Overlooking key contextual factors may lead to missed opportunities for prevention and intervention
The relationship between lifetime trauma exposure and psychosis in a multi-country case-control study in Africa
Background: Exposure to traumatic events is a known risk factor for psychosis. Additionally, psychosis may be a risk factor for exposure to traumatic events. There are little data on the relationship between traumatic events and psychosis in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in large, cross-country samples using the same instrument. Methods: In a case-control study, 21,606 adults were recruited with psychosis (cases) and 21,329 adults without any …
Maternal Trauma history, Maternal Mental health, and Child Behavior
Cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) to screen for depression in southwestern Madagascar
There have been no culturally validated measures to screen for depression in Madagascar. In 2022–2023, we conducted qualitative studies in the Bay of Ranobe area in southwestern Madagascar to understand local mental health syndromes specific to this region. We found that the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) shares symptoms with the general distress-like, depressive-like and grief-like syndromes elicited locally. We adapted the PHQ-8 to…
Hiara study protocol
The Health Impacts of Artificial Reef Advancement (HIARA; in the Malagasy language, “together”) study cohort was set up in December 2022 to assess the economic and nutritional importance of seafood for the coastal Malagasy population living along the Bay of Ranobe in southwestern Madagascar. Over the course of the research, which will continue until at least 2026, the primary question we seek to answer is whether the creation of artificial coral …
Cross-cultural equivalence of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) across four African countries in a multi-national study of adults
The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) has been widely used to screen psychological distress across many countries. However, its performance has not been extensively studied in Africa. The present study sought to evaluate and compare measurement properties of the K10 across four African countries: Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, and South Africa. Our hypothesis is that the measure will show equivalence across all. Data are drawn from a neuropsyc…
Prepandemic Resilience to Trauma and Covid-19 Infection in Older Women
OBJECTIVE: Prior work suggests that psychological resilience to trauma may protect not only mental but also physical health. This study examined the relationship of prepandemic psychological resilience to lifetime trauma with self-reported COVID-19 infection and symptoms during the early years of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Data are from 18,670 longitudinal cohort participants in the Nurses' Health Study II. Based on prior evidence that traum…
Post-traumatic stress and future substance use outcomes
PTSD symptoms were highly associated with tobacco and alcohol use, while the association with prospective cannabis use is not clear. Findings suggest that understanding the different risk stratification that occurs can aid in tailoring interventions to populations at greatest risk to best mitigate the comorbidity between PTSD symptoms and future substance use outcomes. We demonstrate that this is particularly salient for tobacco use and, to some …
IPV exposure and mental and behavioral health in men during the Covid-19
Longitudinal associations between five factor model and impulsive personality traits and PTSD symptoms
Analysis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Gene Expression Profiles in a Prospective, Community-Based Cohort
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common and debilitating psychiatric disorder that may occur in individuals exposed to traumatic events such as accidents, interpersonal violence, war, combat, or natural disasters. Additionally, PTSD has been implicated in the development of a variety of chronic conditions, including cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, suggesting the biological alterations associated with the disorder can manifest as c…
Trauma, risk, and resilience
The Liberian civil wars led to widespread destruction and devastation for its individuals, communities, and economy. However, individuals' subjective trauma experiences and long-term psychological impact remain relatively understudied. This study aims to explore context-specific traumatic events and examine how risk and protective factors combine with traumas to influence trajectories of suffering and recovery over time. We conducted 43 semi-stru…
The Missing Piece
The COVID-19 pandemic has enhanced our focus on mental health. Concerns about the high levels of mental disorders in the United States are not new, with rising trends-particularly among youth-observed prior to the pandemic. However, the pandemic may have exacerbated and accelerated these trends. The silver lining is that we can leverage this moment to reevaluate and reimagine not only how we treat mental health problems, but also how we promote e…
Analysis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Gene Expression Profiles in a Prospective, Community-Based Cohort
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common and debilitating psychiatric disorder that may occur in individuals exposed to traumatic events such as accidents, interpersonal violence, war, combat, or natural disasters. Additionally, PTSD has been implicated in the development of a variety of chronic conditions, including cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, suggesting the biological alterations associated with the disorder can manifest as c…
Plasma Metabolomic Signature of Early Abuse in Middle-Aged Women
OBJECTIVE: Metabolomic profiling may provide insights into biological mechanisms underlying the strong epidemiologic links observed between early abuse and cardiometabolic disorders in later life. METHODS: We examined the associations between early abuse and midlife plasma metabolites in two nonoverlapping subsamples from the Nurses' Health Study II, comprising 803 (mean age = 40 years) and 211 women (mean age = 61 years). Liquid chromatography-t…
Child socioeconomic status, childhood adversity and adult socioeconomic status in a nationally representative sample of young adults
Childhood SES is associated with CAs. In turn, CAs are associated with lower adult SES, independent of childhood SES supporting the notion that intervening on CAs early on in the lifecourse could influence health and wellbeing throughout the life course
Mental Health in Early Childhood and Changes in Cardiometabolic Dysregulation by Preadolescence
OBJECTIVE: Poor mental health in childhood is associated with a greater risk of cardiometabolic disease in adulthood, but less is known about when these associations begin to emerge. This study tests whether poor mental health (indexed by emotional and behavioral problems) in early childhood predicts increases in cardiometabolic dysregulation over 4 years of follow-up. METHODS: Data are from 4327 participants in the Generation R Study. Problem be…
Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in individuals with severe mental illness in a non-western setting
Overall, results point to the common occurrence of traumatic events and trauma-linked symptoms for individuals with SMI and their caregivers, including as a result of SMI. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
Depression and Viral Suppression Among Adults Living with HIV in Tanzania
Adverse intergenerational effects of ethnically-divisive social contexts on children's mental health
Psychological resilience
Background: The ability to resist adverse outcomes, or demonstrate resilience after exposure to trauma is a thriving field of study. Yet ongoing debate persists regarding definitions of resilience, generalizability of the extant literature, neurobiological correlates, and a consensus research agenda.Objectives: To address these pressing questions, Drs. Christy Denckla and Karestan Koenen (co-chairs) convened a multidisciplinary panel including Dr…
Risk of Covid-19 among front-line health-care workers and the general community
BACKGROUND: Data for front-line health-care workers and risk of COVID-19 are limited. We sought to assess risk of COVID-19 among front-line health-care workers compared with the general community and the effect of personal protective equipment (PPE) on risk. METHODS: We did a prospective, observational cohort study in the UK and the USA of the general community, including front-line health-care workers, using self-reported data from the COVID Sym…
Do levels of posttraumatic growth vary by type of traumatic event experienced? An analysis of the Nurses’ Health Study II
These results add to the growing literature exploring variation in PTG by event type and suggest that different events could yield markedly different patterns of PTG domains and PTS. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
How Early Life Adversities Influence Later Life Family Interactions for Individuals with Schizophrenia in Outpatient Treatment
Racial Discrimination, Psychological Distress, and Self-Rated Health Among US-Born and Foreign-Born Black Americans
Our results attest to the salience of racial discrimination, nativity, and socioeconomic position in understanding the experiences and psychological health of Black Americans
Pervasive Trauma Exposure Among US Sexual Orientation Minority Adults and Risk of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Objectives. We assessed sexual orientation disparities in exposure to violence and other potentially traumatic events and onset of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a representative US sample. Methods. We used data from 34 653 noninstitutionalized adult US residents from the 2004 to 2005 wave of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Results. Lesbians and gay men, bisexuals, and heterosexuals who reported any s…
Women's status and child well-being
Elevated Risk of Posttraumatic Stress in Sexual Minority Youths
Objectives. We examined whether lifetime risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was elevated in sexual minority versus heterosexual youths, whether childhood abuse accounted for disparities in PTSD, and whether childhood gender nonconformity explained sexual-orientation disparities in abuse and subsequent PTSD. Methods. We used data from a population-based study (n = 9369, mean age = 22.7 years) to estimate risk ratios for PTSD. We calculat…
How does the social environment 'get into the mind'? Epigenetics at the intersection of social and psychiatric epidemiology
Does Maltreatment in Childhood Affect Sexual Orientation in Adulthood
A multilevel investigation of neighborhood effects on parental warmth
Although researchers recognize that social contexts shape parenting behaviors, the relationship between neighborhood environment and parenting remains poorly understood. To address this gap, we investigated the associations between compositional and contextual (structural, social, and safety) characteristics of neighborhoods and parental warmth. Data came from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) Study and the 1990 Ce…
Education and race-ethnicity differences in the lifetime risk of alcohol dependence
OBJECTIVES: While lower socioeconomic status (SES) is related to higher risk for alcohol dependence, minority race-ethnicity is often associated with lower risk. This study attempts to clarify the nature and extent of social inequalities in alcohol dependence by investigating the effects of SES and race-ethnicity on the development of alcohol dependence following first alcohol use. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of data from the National Epidem…
Trajectories of Posttraumatic Stress Among Urban Residents
Urban residents experience a wide range of traumatic events and are at increased risk of assaultive violence. Although previous research has examined trajectories of posttraumatic stress (PTS) through latent class growth analysis (LCGA) among persons exposed to the same index events (e.g., a natural disaster), PTS trajectories have not been documented among urban residents. The aims of this study were to conduct LGCA with a sample of trauma survi…
Revisiting the Role of the Urban Environment in Substance Use
Objectives. We examined whether neighborhood social characteristics (income distribution and family fragmentation) and physical characteristics (clean sidewalks and dilapidated housing) were associated with the risk of fatalities caused by analgesic overdose. Methods. In a case-control study, we compared 447 unintentional analgesic opioid overdose fatalities (cases) with 3436 unintentional nonoverdose fatalities and 2530 heroin overdose fatalitie…
Examining the Association between Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration
Relationship Abuse and Victims’ Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms
Psychological Sequelae Resulting From the 2004 Florida Hurricanes
Objectives. Data are limited regarding mental health effects of disasters such as hurricanes. We sought to determine the prevalence of and major risk factors associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), generalized anxiety disorder, and major depressive episode 6 to 9 months after the 2004 Florida hurricanes. Methods. Random-digit dialing was used to recruit a representative population sample of 1452 hurricane-affected adults. Results. P…
A Twin Study of Sexual Behavior in Men
The Missing Piece
The COVID-19 pandemic has enhanced our focus on mental health. Concerns about the high levels of mental disorders in the United States are not new, with rising trends-particularly among youth-observed prior to the pandemic. However, the pandemic may have exacerbated and accelerated these trends. The silver lining is that we can leverage this moment to reevaluate and reimagine not only how we treat mental health problems, but also how we promote e…
How Early Life Adversities Influence Later Life Family Interactions for Individuals with Schizophrenia in Outpatient Treatment
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and criminal offending among adult offspring
BACKGROUND: Although a number of previous studies have reported an association between maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSP) and externalising behaviour problems among offspring, it has been suggested that this relationship is spurious due to the failure of these studies to properly account for important confounding factors. METHODS: The relationship between MSP and adult criminal offending was examined using data from 3766 members of the Provi…
Social Factors, Psychopathology, and Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy
We investigated the relative importance of sociodemographic factors and psychiatric disorders for smoking among 453 pregnant women in the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Women with less than a high school education and those with current-year nicotine dependence had the highest risk of smoking (90.5%), compared with women with a college degree and without nicotine dependence (3.9%). More effective and accessible…
The mathematical limits of genetic prediction for complex chronic disease
BACKGROUND: Attempts at predicting individual risk of disease based on common germline genetic variation have largely been disappointing. The present paper formalises why genetic prediction at the individual level is and will continue to have limited utility given the aetiological architecture of most common complex diseases. METHODS: Data were simulated on one million populations with 10 000 individuals in each populations with varying prevalenc…
Rethinking Our Public Health Genetics Research Paradigm
Since the sequencing of the human genome, tremendous resources have been dedicated to understanding how genetic determinants may drive the production of disease. Despite some successes, the promise of genetics research in these areas remains largely unrealized. The focus on isolating individual (or clusters of) genes that may be associated with narrowly defined phenotypes in large part explains this discrepancy. In particular, efforts to identify…
Epigenetic Signatures May Explain the Relationship between Socioeconomic Position and Risk of Mental Illness
Low socioeconomic position (SEP) has previously been linked to a number of negative health indicators, including poor mental health. The biologic mechanisms linking SEP and mental health remain poorly understood. Recent work suggests that social exposures influence DNA methylation in a manner salient to mental health. We conducted a pilot investigation to assess whether SEP, measured as educational attainment, modifies the association between gen…
Occupational, social, and relationship hazards and psychological distress among low-income workers
BACKGROUND: Few studies have simultaneously included exposure information on occupational hazards, relationship hazards (eg, intimate partner violence) and social hazards (eg, poverty and racial discrimination), especially among low-income multiracial/ethnic populations. METHODS: A cross-sectional study (2003-2004) of 1202 workers employed at 14 worksites in the greater Boston area of Massachusetts investigated the independent and joint associati…
Do Attachment and Hardiness Relate to Each Other and to Mental Health in Real-Life Stress
This study examines the associations among attachment styles, hardiness, and mental health in intensive real-life stress. Four hundred and thirty-four young Israeli men, candidates for service in an elite combat unit, were assessed towards the end of a highly demanding screening process. Secure attachment style was positively associated with overall hardiness, commitment, and control, whereas avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles were negativ…
Putting the ‘epi’ into epigenetics research in psychiatry
During the past two decades, research concerned with the aetiology of psychopathology has generally progressed along two separate paths: investigations that have characterised the roles played by environmental determinants such as childhood adversity in the development of psychopathology, and those that have focused on neurobiological processes involving genetic and intracellular pathways. Epigenetic modifications, functionally relevant changes t…
Do Attachment and Hardiness Relate to Each Other and to Mental Health in Real-Life Stress
This study examines the associations among attachment styles, hardiness, and mental health in intensive real-life stress. Four hundred and thirty-four young Israeli men, candidates for service in an elite combat unit, were assessed towards the end of a highly demanding screening process. Secure attachment style was positively associated with overall hardiness, commitment, and control, whereas avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles were negativ…
A Twin Study of Sexual Behavior in Men
The Psychological Risks of Vietnam for U.S. Veterans
In 1988, the National Vietnam Veterans Readjustment Study (NVVRS) of a representative sample of 1200 veterans estimated that 30.9% had developed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) during their lifetimes and that 15.2% were currently suffering from PTSD. The study also found a strong dose-response relationship: As retrospective reports of combat exposure increased, PTSD occurrence increased. Skeptics have argued that these results are inflated b…
Women's status and child well-being
Relationship Abuse and Victims’ Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms
Psychological Sequelae Resulting From the 2004 Florida Hurricanes
Objectives. Data are limited regarding mental health effects of disasters such as hurricanes. We sought to determine the prevalence of and major risk factors associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), generalized anxiety disorder, and major depressive episode 6 to 9 months after the 2004 Florida hurricanes. Methods. Random-digit dialing was used to recruit a representative population sample of 1452 hurricane-affected adults. Results. P…
Education and race-ethnicity differences in the lifetime risk of alcohol dependence
OBJECTIVES: While lower socioeconomic status (SES) is related to higher risk for alcohol dependence, minority race-ethnicity is often associated with lower risk. This study attempts to clarify the nature and extent of social inequalities in alcohol dependence by investigating the effects of SES and race-ethnicity on the development of alcohol dependence following first alcohol use. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of data from the National Epidem…
Social Factors, Psychopathology, and Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy
We investigated the relative importance of sociodemographic factors and psychiatric disorders for smoking among 453 pregnant women in the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Women with less than a high school education and those with current-year nicotine dependence had the highest risk of smoking (90.5%), compared with women with a college degree and without nicotine dependence (3.9%). More effective and accessible…
Childhood Sexual Abuse Is Highly Associated With HIV Risk-Taking Behavior and Infection Among MSM in the EXPLORE Study
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have found high rates of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) among US men who have sex with men (MSM). CSA history has been associated with a variety of negative effects later in life including behaviors that place MSM at greater risk for HIV acquisition and transmission. The present analysis is the first to examine the longitudinal association between CSA and HIV infection, unprotected anal sex, and serodiscordant unprotect…
Childhood adversity, adult stressful life events, and risk of past-year psychiatric disorder
Background Childhood adversity (CA) is associated with adult mental disorders, but the mechanisms underlying this association remain inadequately understood. Stress sensitization, whereby CA increases vulnerability to mental disorders following adult stressful life events, has been proposed as a potential mechanism. We provide a test of the stress sensitization hypothesis in a national sample. Method We investigated whether the association betwee…
Witness of Intimate Partner Violence in Childhood and Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence in Adulthood
BACKGROUND: At least half a million women are victims of intimate partner violence in the United States annually, resulting in substantial harm. However, the etiology of violence to intimate partners is not well understood. Witnessing such violence in childhood has been proposed as a principal cause of adulthood perpetration, yet it remains unknown whether the association between witnessing intimate partner violence and adulthood perpetration is …
A multilevel investigation of neighborhood effects on parental warmth
Although researchers recognize that social contexts shape parenting behaviors, the relationship between neighborhood environment and parenting remains poorly understood. To address this gap, we investigated the associations between compositional and contextual (structural, social, and safety) characteristics of neighborhoods and parental warmth. Data came from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) Study and the 1990 Ce…
Pervasive Trauma Exposure Among US Sexual Orientation Minority Adults and Risk of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Objectives. We assessed sexual orientation disparities in exposure to violence and other potentially traumatic events and onset of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a representative US sample. Methods. We used data from 34 653 noninstitutionalized adult US residents from the 2004 to 2005 wave of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Results. Lesbians and gay men, bisexuals, and heterosexuals who reported any s…
Maternal Depression in the United States
OBJECTIVES: To examine the public health burden of major depressive disorder (MDD) among mothers: its prevalence and sociodemographic patterns; associated functioning, comorbidities, and adversities; and racial/ethnic disparities. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional analysis of 8916 mothers in the National Epidemiologic Survey of Alcohol and Related Conditions, a nationally representative survey of the civilian U.S. population in 2001?2002. Past-…
Race/ethnic differences in exposure to traumatic events, development of post-traumatic stress disorder, and treatment-seeking for post-traumatic stress disorder in the United States
Background To identify sources of race/ethnic differences related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), we compared trauma exposure, risk for PTSD among those exposed to trauma, and treatment-seeking among Whites, Blacks, Hispanics and Asians in the US general population. Method Data from structured diagnostic interviews with 34 653 adult respondents to the 2004–2005 wave of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions …
Emotional Functioning at Age 7 Years is Associated With C-Reactive Protein in Middle Adulthood
OBJECTIVE: Few have considered whether and how child emotional functioning is associated with inflammation later in life. Therefore, we evaluated whether child emotional functioning at age 7 years is associated with C-reactive protein (CRP), an indicator of systemic inflammation, in middle adulthood. METHODS: We studied adult offspring (mean age 42.2 years) of participants in the National Collaborative Perinatal Project, a national cohort of preg…
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and criminal offending among adult offspring
BACKGROUND: Although a number of previous studies have reported an association between maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSP) and externalising behaviour problems among offspring, it has been suggested that this relationship is spurious due to the failure of these studies to properly account for important confounding factors. METHODS: The relationship between MSP and adult criminal offending was examined using data from 3766 members of the Provi…
Occupational, social, and relationship hazards and psychological distress among low-income workers
BACKGROUND: Few studies have simultaneously included exposure information on occupational hazards, relationship hazards (eg, intimate partner violence) and social hazards (eg, poverty and racial discrimination), especially among low-income multiracial/ethnic populations. METHODS: A cross-sectional study (2003-2004) of 1202 workers employed at 14 worksites in the greater Boston area of Massachusetts investigated the independent and joint associati…
Racial Discrimination, Psychological Distress, and Self-Rated Health Among US-Born and Foreign-Born Black Americans
Our results attest to the salience of racial discrimination, nativity, and socioeconomic position in understanding the experiences and psychological health of Black Americans
Childhood Gender Nonconformity
OBJECTIVES: Childhood gender nonconformity has been associated with poorer relationships with parents, but it is unknown if childhood gender nonconformity is associated with childhood abuse or risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in youth. METHODS: We examined whether gender nonconformity before age 11 years was associated with childhood sexual, physical, and psychological abuse and lifetime risk of probable PTSD by using self-report ques…
Elevated Risk of Posttraumatic Stress in Sexual Minority Youths
Objectives. We examined whether lifetime risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was elevated in sexual minority versus heterosexual youths, whether childhood abuse accounted for disparities in PTSD, and whether childhood gender nonconformity explained sexual-orientation disparities in abuse and subsequent PTSD. Methods. We used data from a population-based study (n = 9369, mean age = 22.7 years) to estimate risk ratios for PTSD. We calculat…
How does the social environment 'get into the mind'? Epigenetics at the intersection of social and psychiatric epidemiology
Trauma Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a National Sample of Adolescents
Prevalence of Sexual Violence and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in an Urban African-American Population
Putting the ‘epi’ into epigenetics research in psychiatry
During the past two decades, research concerned with the aetiology of psychopathology has generally progressed along two separate paths: investigations that have characterised the roles played by environmental determinants such as childhood adversity in the development of psychopathology, and those that have focused on neurobiological processes involving genetic and intracellular pathways. Epigenetic modifications, functionally relevant changes t…
Medicine (57 works) · Psychology (44 works) · Psychiatry (43 works) · Clinical Psychology (34 works) · Child Abuse and Trauma (27 works) · Population (25 works) · Poison control (23 works) · Demography (22 works) · Environmental health (22 works) · Mental health (20 works)