B C Campbell
Biographic Data
| ID | 18976 |
|---|---|
| NAME | B C Campbell |
| GIVEN NAMES | B C |
| FAMILY NAME | Campbell |
| SIGNATURE | CAMPBELL B C |
| AFFILIATIONS | Boston University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3497-3735 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 59 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 136 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 59 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1993 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
Recent Research on the Human Biology of Pastoralists
Despite encroachment by agricultural systems and globalization, pastoral nomads maintain a robust presence in terms of numbers and subsistence activity. At the same time, increasing concern about climate change has promoted awareness that increased climatic fluctuation may push pastoral population past their capacity for resilience. The response of pastoralists to climate change has important implications for our evolutionary past and our increas…
San trance dance
The San trance dance has attracted considerable attention in terms of ethnography and rock art, as well as the human capacity for altered states of consciousness. However, its implications for shamanic ritual and associated states of consciousness remain undeveloped without understanding the brain mechanisms involved. Here I integrate previous models of trance with findings from neuroscience and ethnographic reports to outline a neurological mode…
Sex differences in adipose development in a hunter‐gatherer population
OBJECTIVE: Humans are unusually sexually dimorphic in body composition, with adult females having on average nearly twice the fat mass as males. The development of adipose sex differences has been well characterized for children growing up in food-abundant environments, with less known about cross-cultural variation, particularly in populations without exposure to market foods, mechanized technologies, schooling, vaccination, or other medical int…
Stages of Development
The impact of China’s Zero-Markup Drug Policy on county hospital revenue and government subsidy levels
In 2009, the Chinese government passed the Zero-Markup Drug Policy, which strives to contain the costs of medicines and ultimately reduce the financial burden to the public, especially those in low-income settings. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the Zero-Markup Drug Policy on health care provision, revenue structures in county hospitals, and demand for fiscal compensation from the government. Our study employs a difference-in-differenc…
Seasonality of Conceptions in Captive Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)
On Deep History and Pyschotropy
Visitor Opinions of Human Evolution in the Milwaukee Public Museum
Museums have the opportunity to present human evolution to a wide range of visitors, yet few appear to exhibit this topic in an unflinching manner. In a survey conducted at the Milwaukee Public Museum (MPM), the vast majority of visitors thought a human evolution exhibit was appropriate for the museum. However, a small number said any discussion of human evolution would mandate the presentation of Biblical creation as well. Museums have an obliga…
Against the Profit Motive
Journal Article Against the Profit Motive: The Salary Revolution in American Government, 1780–1940 Get access Nicholas R. Parrillo. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2013. xii, 568 pp. Cloth, $125.00. Paper, $55.00.) Journal of American History, Volume 101, Issue 2, September 2014, Pages 621–622, https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jau413 Published: 01 September 2014
Assessing equity of healthcare utilization in rural China
Utilization of both outpatient and inpatient services was pro-rich in rural China with the exception of outpatient service in 2008. With the same needs for healthcare, rich rural residents utilized more healthcare service than poor rural residents. Compared to utilization of outpatient service, utilization of inpatient service was more inequitable. Inequity of utilization of outpatient service reduced gradually from 1993 to 2008; meanwhile, inequ…
Embodiment and Male Vitality in Subsistence Societies
Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990–2010
Disability-adjusted life years (Dalys) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990–2010
Promise and Peril
Christopher McKnight Nichols’s Promise and Peril is an ambitious examination of isolationist thought in the United States. Controversies in American foreign affairs between the Venezuela boundary dispute in 1895 and the debate over aid to England during World War II create the backdrop for the study. Nichols concentrates on six people who were prominent in American life—Henry Cabot Lodge, William James, Randolph Bourne, Eugene V. Debs, William Bo…
Adrenarche in comparative perspective
Objectives: To addresses the hypothesis that human adrenarche is associated with extended juvenile brain development by comparing the timing of adrenal androgen production, brain development and lactation in a larger comparative mammalian context. Methods: Findings from published literature are used to compare the developmental timing of adrenal androgens, brain glucose utilization and lactation in rats, rhesus macaques and humans. Results: Compa…
Human biology and the brain
Human Biology is a diverse field incorporating disciplines such as genetics, physiology, anatomy, and anthropology, all with their own preoccupations and methodological constraints. If anything unites such wide-ranging interests, it may be the biological implications of everyday human activity and its variation across individuals and populations. Traditionally, human biologists have measured human activities in naturalistic settings. Increasingly…
In the Company of Men
An Introduction to the Special Issue on Middle Childhood
Adrenarche and Middle Childhood
Human Life History in Primate Perspective
The Everyday Life of Young Children
The 7R polymorphism in the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) is associated with financial risk taking in men
Testosterone and Marriage among Ariaal Men of Northern Kenya
Recent studies suggest that differential human male investment in mating (male-male competition and mate-seeking behavior) and parenting effort may be associated with variation in testosterone levels. The Ariaal present an interesting test case because marital relations tend to be aloof and direct paternal care minimal by cross-cultural standards. Polygyny is prevalent and increases with age, and the age-set system highly structures the transitio…
Adrenarche and the evolution of human life history
Adrenarche, the prepubertal onset of adrenal production of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), is a distinctive aspect of the human life course. Yet its evolutionary origins remain unexplained. Production of DHEAS is associated with the development of the zona reticularis, a novel histological layer within the adrenal gland, derived from the fetal adrenal gland, and associated with primates more generally. Evidence that DHEAS is a neurosteroi…
Plato's Republic the Greek Text
Effects of body fat on weight concerns, dating, and sexual activity
Using data from a 2-year longitudinal study of 200 Black and White adolescent girls (mean age was 13.8 years at study entry), the authors investigated the implications of differences in body fat for dating and sexual activity and the implications of heterosexual activity for dieting and weight concerns. Among White girls, and Black girls with college-educated mothers, more body fat was associated with a lower probability of dating, even among non…
Testosterone and Marriage among Ariaal Men of Northern Kenya
Recent studies suggest that differential human male investment in mating (male-male competition and mate-seeking behavior) and parenting effort may be associated with variation in testosterone levels. The Ariaal present an interesting test case because marital relations tend to be aloof and direct paternal care minimal by cross-cultural standards. Polygyny is prevalent and increases with age, and the age-set system highly structures the transitio…
Reproductive ecology of human males
Recent demonstrations that female reproductive physiology is highly responsive to environmental factors have led to a growing appreciation of the extent of variation in reproductive function and the adaptive nature of much of that variation. Male reproductive function has received much less attention from anthropologists, whether as an aspect of human variation, as a possible contributor to population variation in fertility, or as the product of …
Adolescent males' willingness to report masturbation
This paper compares contemporaneous and retrospective reports of adolescent masturbation experience, partnered sexual behavior, and nonsexual problem behavior. Analyses are based on data from 59 White males who were followed for 3 years in early adolescence and later reinterviewed as young adults. Comparisons of adolescent and adult reports about adolescent behavior indicated that adolescent masturbation, but not coitus and wet dreams, was more l…
Dermatoglyphic asymmetry and testosterone levels in normal males
Dermatoglyphic prints and salivary samples were taken on a sample of 39 adult males. A statistical relationship between dermatoglyphic asymmetry and adult testosterone levels as measured in saliva was examined for seven dermatoglyphic variables by means of correlation, regression, and analysis of covariance, controlling for age and stature when necessary. The first two types of analyses indicated a significant effect of testosterone level upon th…
A Comparison of Health Complaints of Settled and Nomadic Turkana Men
This article examines the health complaints of settled and nomadic Ngisonyoka Turkana of northwest Kenya. Samples of 152 nomadic and 124 settled men, aged 14 and over, were surveyed about their health status. The general pattern of disease reported concurs with previous studies of health among Turkana; that is, the primary complaints are respiratory tract infections and eye infections. The settled Turkana reported more severe complaints and highe…
Adrenarche and Middle Childhood
Timing of Pubertal Maturation and the Onset of Sexual Behavior among Zimbabwe School Boys
Pubertal timing, hormones, and body composition among adolescent Turkana males
The Turkana, like other East African pastoral groups, are known for their tall adult stature, achieved despite a blunted growth spurt during adolescence and continued growth into the early 20s. To investigate the hormonal mechanisms associated with the pattern of slow and continued adolescent growth, we collected data on hormonal status, height, weight, and trunk skinfolds and ethnographic self‐reports of testicular maturation in a cross‐sectiona…
Evolutionary and ecological aspects of early brain malnutrition in humans
In the Company of Men
Leptin, adiposity, and testosterone in captive male macaques
Leptin is considered to act as a signal relating somatic energetic status to the reproductive system. However, the nature of that signal and its relationship with male reproductive function across nonhuman primate species are unclear. We suggest that species-specific differences in leptin physiology may be related to the degree of environmental variation and variation in the importance of energy stores for male reproduction. In order to test the …
Against the Profit Motive
Journal Article Against the Profit Motive: The Salary Revolution in American Government, 1780–1940 Get access Nicholas R. Parrillo. (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2013. xii, 568 pp. Cloth, $125.00. Paper, $55.00.) Journal of American History, Volume 101, Issue 2, September 2014, Pages 621–622, https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jau413 Published: 01 September 2014
The impact of China’s Zero-Markup Drug Policy on county hospital revenue and government subsidy levels
In 2009, the Chinese government passed the Zero-Markup Drug Policy, which strives to contain the costs of medicines and ultimately reduce the financial burden to the public, especially those in low-income settings. This study aims to evaluate the impact of the Zero-Markup Drug Policy on health care provision, revenue structures in county hospitals, and demand for fiscal compensation from the government. Our study employs a difference-in-differenc…
Visitor Opinions of Human Evolution in the Milwaukee Public Museum
Museums have the opportunity to present human evolution to a wide range of visitors, yet few appear to exhibit this topic in an unflinching manner. In a survey conducted at the Milwaukee Public Museum (MPM), the vast majority of visitors thought a human evolution exhibit was appropriate for the museum. However, a small number said any discussion of human evolution would mandate the presentation of Biblical creation as well. Museums have an obliga…
Promise and Peril
Christopher McKnight Nichols’s Promise and Peril is an ambitious examination of isolationist thought in the United States. Controversies in American foreign affairs between the Venezuela boundary dispute in 1895 and the debate over aid to England during World War II create the backdrop for the study. Nichols concentrates on six people who were prominent in American life—Henry Cabot Lodge, William James, Randolph Bourne, Eugene V. Debs, William Bo…
An Introduction to the Special Issue on Middle Childhood
Age-related patterns of urinary Gonadotropins (FSH and LH) and E-3-G as measures of reproductive function among Turkana Males of Northern Kenya
To determine age-related patterns of gonadotropins and their relationship to energetic status in a subsistence population we analyzed urinary FSH, LH, and estrone-3-glucuronide (E-3-G) along with anthropometric measures among Turkana males of northern Kenya. Subjects were 134 nomadic and 109 settled males ages 20 to 80+. FSH, LH and E-3-G were significantly higher among the settled, compared to nomadic, males. LH, but not FSH, showed a significan…
Body Image among Ariaal Men from Northern Kenya
To test attitudes toward male body image in a society with relatively little media exposure, the authors surveyed 53 men, ages 20-35, among the Ariaal, pastoral nomads of northern Kenya. Measures of body image were obtained using a somatomorphic matrix. Height, weight, and percentage of body fat based on bioelectric impedance were also obtained. Results indicate that men exhibit very little discrepancy between what they perceive as the degree of …
Understanding Economic Change in the Gilded Age
An announcement that the Gilded-Age economy is on the agenda produces pained looks around the classroom. These .signs of distress signal that the economic history of the late nineteenth century needs special handling. The first step in this task is to recognize the obstacles in teaching the subject. The chief impediments are the inherent complexities of economics, negative stereotypes about the Gilded Age, and the dual paths of economic change du…
Cognitive determinants of verbal underachievement at secondary school level
Children whose non-verbal cognitive ability markedly exceeds their verbal cognitive ability (discrepant, D group) as measured in cognitive abilities tests (CATs) were compared with non-discrepant children individually matched on either verbal (V group) or non-verbal (NV group) CAT scores. 66 children from year 7 (11/12 years) and 60 from year 10 (14/15 years) were selected on this basis in a semi-rural comprehensive school. The scores of the D an…
Seasonal effects on salivary testosterone levels among lese males of the Ituri Forest, Zaire
Salivary testosterone levels were measured in 33 Lese horticulturalist men in June and August 1989 in order to examine the effects of improved nutritional status on testicular function. The Lese experience an annual hunger season from March through June that varies in impact from year to year, and was particularly severe in 1989. Even before annual weight losses, the Lese are at the low end of the desirable range and are below the desirable popul…
Testosterone and pubertal development as predictors of sexual activity
Strong cross-sectional relationships between testosterone (T) and sexual activity have been found for human adolescent males, even when level of pubertal development is controlled; however, it has not been demonstrated that sexual behavior increases over time as a consequence of hormonal changes. The purpose of this paper was to extend previous cross-sectional findings by demonstrating that sexual behavior is initiated and increases within indivi…
Dermatoglyphic asymmetry and testosterone levels in normal males
Dermatoglyphic prints and salivary samples were taken on a sample of 39 adult males. A statistical relationship between dermatoglyphic asymmetry and adult testosterone levels as measured in saliva was examined for seven dermatoglyphic variables by means of correlation, regression, and analysis of covariance, controlling for age and stature when necessary. The first two types of analyses indicated a significant effect of testosterone level upon th…
Relationships between aggression and pubertal increases in testosterone
Existing data linking testosterone (T) and aggression in human adult males are surprisingly tenuous. In one of the few studies based on adolescent males, Olweus et al. (1988) demonstrated strong relationships between concurrent measures of T and aggression. However, the conclusions that could be drawn regarding developmental change were limited. Using data from a three-year panel study of 100 adolescent males (ages 12 to 13 at study entry), we ex…
Testosterone and religiosity as predictors of sexual attitudes and activity among adolescent males
A biosocial model of the effects of early adolescent testosterone levels and religiosity on adolescent males' sexual attitudes and activity over a 3-year period was examined. Using panel data for approximately 100 boys who were 12·5/13·0 years old at study entry, significant additive effects of free testosterone and frequency of attendance at religious services were demonstrated on the transition to first intercourse and other aspects of sexual b…
Stress and age at menarche of mothers and daughters
The hypothesis that psychological stress during early childhood leads to advanced reproductive maturation was assessed using data from the California Childhood Health and Development Study. Regression analyses failed to indicate that bed wetting, nightmares or thumb-sucking at age 5 predict age at menarche, regardless of controls for mother's age at menarche. Among socioeconomic variables suggested as contextual stressors measured at age 9–11 onl…
Reproductive ecology of human males
Recent demonstrations that female reproductive physiology is highly responsive to environmental factors have led to a growing appreciation of the extent of variation in reproductive function and the adaptive nature of much of that variation. Male reproductive function has received much less attention from anthropologists, whether as an aspect of human variation, as a possible contributor to population variation in fertility, or as the product of …
Cognitive determinants of verbal underachievement at secondary school level
Children whose non-verbal cognitive ability markedly exceeds their verbal cognitive ability (discrepant, D group) as measured in cognitive abilities tests (CATs) were compared with non-discrepant children individually matched on either verbal (V group) or non-verbal (NV group) CAT scores. 66 children from year 7 (11/12 years) and 60 from year 10 (14/15 years) were selected on this basis in a semi-rural comprehensive school. The scores of the D an…
Variation in human fertility
Variation in human fertility
Variation in human fertility
Understanding Economic Change in the Gilded Age
An announcement that the Gilded-Age economy is on the agenda produces pained looks around the classroom. These .signs of distress signal that the economic history of the late nineteenth century needs special handling. The first step in this task is to recognize the obstacles in teaching the subject. The chief impediments are the inherent complexities of economics, negative stereotypes about the Gilded Age, and the dual paths of economic change du…
Effects of body fat on weight concerns, dating, and sexual activity
Using data from a 2-year longitudinal study of 200 Black and White adolescent girls (mean age was 13.8 years at study entry), the authors investigated the implications of differences in body fat for dating and sexual activity and the implications of heterosexual activity for dieting and weight concerns. Among White girls, and Black girls with college-educated mothers, more body fat was associated with a lower probability of dating, even among non…
Hormones, health and behavior
Adolescent males' willingness to report masturbation
This paper compares contemporaneous and retrospective reports of adolescent masturbation experience, partnered sexual behavior, and nonsexual problem behavior. Analyses are based on data from 59 White males who were followed for 3 years in early adolescence and later reinterviewed as young adults. Comparisons of adolescent and adult reports about adolescent behavior indicated that adolescent masturbation, but not coitus and wet dreams, was more l…
Evolutionary and ecological aspects of early brain malnutrition in humans
Evolutionary Principles of Human Adolescence. Glenn Weisfeld
A Comparison of Health Complaints of Settled and Nomadic Turkana Men
This article examines the health complaints of settled and nomadic Ngisonyoka Turkana of northwest Kenya. Samples of 152 nomadic and 124 settled men, aged 14 and over, were surveyed about their health status. The general pattern of disease reported concurs with previous studies of health among Turkana; that is, the primary complaints are respiratory tract infections and eye infections. The settled Turkana reported more severe complaints and highe…
Morphological and hormonal parameters in two species of macaques
To compare physiological and developmental differences between two cogeneric species that differ by seasonal vs. aseasonal breeding, values for morphological measurements, testicular volume, serum testosterone, estradiol, and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate levels were obtained from 53 rhesus during the early breeding season, as well as 41 pig-tailed macaque males maintained at the Tulane Primate Center. The two species exhibited similar body size…
Morphological and hormonal parameters in two species of macaques
To compare physiological and developmental differences between two cogeneric species that differ by seasonal vs. aseasonal breeding, values for morphological measurements, testicular volume, serum testosterone, estradiol, and dehydroepiandrosterone‐sulfate levels were obtained from 53 rhesus during the early breeding season, as well as 41 pig‐tailed macaque males maintained at the Tulane Primate Center. The two species exhibited similar body size…
Salivary testosterone and body composition among Ariaal males
To determine if testosterone is negatively related to acute and/or chronic nutritional status among men in a subsistence society, saliva samples and anthropometric measures were compared among nomadic and settled Ariaal pastoralists of northern Kenya. Fifty‐six nomadic men and 62 settled men facing drought conditions, estimated ages 22–96 years, were sampled. Measures included height, weight, four skinfolds, and %body fat by bioelectric impedance…
Comparison of body composition among settled and nomadic Turkana of Kenya
Adoption of farming along the rivers of Turkana District in Kenya has lead to the settling of traditionally nomadic Ngisonyoka Turkana pastoralists. The impact of resulting changes in activity and energy expenditure, disease, and diet have not been investigated previously. This study examines the effects of subsistence transition on body composition of nomadic and settled Turkana. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, skinfolds, circumfere…
Testosterone, aging, and body composition in men from Harare, Zimbabwe
To examine age‐related changes in body composition and testosterone (T) among men in an urban sub‐Saharan African population, measures of body composition and salivary T were obtained from 109 males ages 20–78 in Harare, Zimbabwe. Measures included height, weight, suprailiac and triceps skinfold, and percent body fat by bioelectric impedance (BIA). Saliva samples were assayed for T using radioimmunoassay. Average BMI of the overall sample (23.16 …
Catch‐up reproductive maturation in rural Tonga girls, Zambia
To compare the timing of reproductive maturation among urban and rural Tonga girls in Zambia, anthropometric measures and Tanner stages of breast development were obtained. Subjects were 774 (282 rural, 492 urban) girls ages 6–18. Results indicate that rural girls are shorter and have smaller triceps and subscapular skinfolds than their urban counterparts. Median age at menarche for the entire sample, as estimated by probit analysis, was 14.8 yea…
Timing of reproductive maturation in rural versus urban Tonga boys, Zambia
Our results demonstrate that delayed onset and slow testicular development among rural Gwembe boys is related to poor nutritional status
Medicine (36 works) · Population (25 works) · Demography (23 works) · Endocrinology (22 works) · Biology (21 works) · Internal Medicine (20 works) · Psychology (20 works) · Sociology (14 works) · Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior (12 works) · Physiology (12 works)