Hugo Westerlund
Biographic Data
| ID | 196664 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Hugo Westerlund |
| GIVEN NAMES | Hugo |
| FAMILY NAME | Westerlund |
| SIGNATURE | WESTERLUND H |
| AFFILIATIONS | Stockholm University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8806-5698 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 50 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 74 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 50 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2001 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Impacts of changing work from home patterns on health behaviours and obesity
These findings suggest, although the associations were weak, that work from home could offer opportunities for individuals to be more conscious of their health and to engage in healthier behaviours
Examining associations between upsizing, downsizing, workplace offensive behaviors and sickness absence due to common mental disorders – a longitudinal cohort study
Although this study did not find a link between organizational upsizing/downsizing and later sickness absence due to SA-CMD, it suggests that upsizing may be associated with certain types of workplace offensive behaviors. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms associated with these dynamics
Active labour market policies in emerging adulthood may act as a protective factor against future depressiveness
Introduction: Drawing upon the framework of life course epidemiology, this study aligns with research on the mental health consequences of significant social transitions during early adulthood. The focus is on the variation in initial labour market attachment and the development of depressiveness, assuming that a firm attachment is associated with decreasing depressiveness. Methods: = 1,001) took place during their final year of compulsory school…
Suicidal ideation and thoughts of self-harm during the Covid-19 pandemic among Swedish employees
The results suggested a higher risk of suicidal ideation connected with loss of employment and survival of a downsizing, but not a forced reduction in working times/pay during the COVID-19 pandemic. The association for subjective job insecurity was less robust and may be partly explained by personality
Are trajectories of self-rated health and physical working capacity during the retirement transition predicted by work-related factors and social class
We aimed to identify short and long-term trajectories of self-rated health (SRH) and physical working capacity during the retirement transition, and investigate whether work-related factors and social class predict belonging to these trajectories. We used the representative, biennial Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH) 2006–2018. We applied group-based trajectory modeling with B-spline smoothers to model trajectories of SRH…
Job Quality in the Late Career in Sweden, Japan and the United States
Increasing numbers of older workers continue to work after being eligible to claim a state pension, yet little is known about the quality of these jobs. We examine how psychosocial and physical job quality as well as job satisfaction vary over the late career in three contrasting national settings: Sweden, Japan and the United States. Analyses using random effects modelling drew on data from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health …
Estimating Working Life Expectancy
Increases in retirement ages make it particularly pressing to better understand how long people will work. Working life expectancy (WLE) is a useful measure for this and the current paper assesses the tools, that is, software packages, available to assess it. We do this using data from the English Longitudinal Survey on Ageing (ELSA, 2003–2018) and multistate models to estimate WLE stratified by sex and socioeconomic status. Men’s versus women’s …
The nature of paid work in the retirement years
Ever more people are in paid work following the age of state pension availability, and yet the experience of working in this phase of the late career has been little studied. We interviewed a purposive sample of 25 Swedish people in their mid- to late sixties and early seventies, many of whom were or had recently been working while claiming an old-age pension. The data were analysed with constant comparative analysis in which we described and ref…
The Implication of Physically Demanding and Hazardous Work on Retirement Timing
The need to retain individuals longer in the workforce is acknowledged in many high-income countries. The present study therefore aimed to examine the importance of physically demanding work tasks (PDWT) and physically hazardous work environment (PHWE) in relation to retirement timing among pensionable workers (≥61 years). A particular question was whether PDWT and PHWE increased in importance with age. Six waves (2008-2018) of the Swedish Longit…
Distance to sports facilities and low frequency of exercise and obesity
Increased distance of paid outdoor and paid indoor physical activity facilities from home and of paid outdoor facilities from work was associated with low frequency of exercise. Longitudinal and larger studies are needed to confirm our findings, particularly regarding obesity
It's giving me the blues
Technostress operationalised as information and communication technology (ICT) demands among managers and other occupational groups – Results from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Healt…
Health- and Age-Related Workplace Factors as Predictors of Preferred, Expected, and Actual Retirement Timing
To address the challenges of demographic aging, governments and organizations encourage extended working lives. This study investigates how individual health- and age-related workplace factors contribute to preferred, expected and actual retirement timing, as well as to the congruency between preferences vs. expectations, and preferences vs. actual retirement. We used data from a representative Swedish longitudinal sample comprising 4058 workers …
Does workplace social capital predict care quality through job satisfaction and stress at the clinic? A prospective study
Workplace social capital boosted the quality of dental fillings through increased levels of job satisfaction. In addition, staff at clinics with higher social capital reported less stress and higher levels of job satisfaction. These results indicate that promotion of social capital may improve both occupational health and care quality
Changes in Job Quality as People Work Beyond Pensionable Age in Sweden
Large numbers of people remain in paid work after pensionable age, often in bridge jobs or with reduced working hours. Remarkably, knowledge about the quality of these jobs relative to those taken prior to pension eligibility is very limited. In this paper, we examined changes in job quality among workers in their sixties in the context of contemporaneous changes in work intensity and employment characteristics. This study is based on data from t…
Validation of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire Version III and Establishment of Benchmarks for Psychosocial Risk Management in Sweden
This study presents the Swedish standard version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire, COPSOQ III, and investigates its reliability and validity at individual and workplace levels with the aim of establishing benchmarks for the psychosocial work environment. Cross-sectional data from (1) a random sample of employees in Sweden aged 25-65 years (N = 2847) and (2) a convenience sample of non-managerial employees at 51 workplaces (N = 1818) w…
Benchmarks for Evidence-Based Risk Assessment with the Swedish Version of the 4-Item Psychosocial Safety Climate Scale
The purpose of the present study was to validate the short version of The Psychosocial Safety Climate questionnaire (PSC-4, Dollard, 2019) and to establish benchmarks indicating risk levels for use in Sweden. Cross-sectional data from (1) a random sample of employees in Sweden aged 25-65 years ( n = 2847) and (2) a convenience sample of non-managerial employees from 94 workplaces ( n = 3066) were analyzed. Benchmarks for three PSC risk levels wer…
Labor market exit around retirement age in Sweden and trajectories of psychotropic drugs in a context of downsizing
Downsizing or workplace closure, although weakly, was associated with higher prevalence of psychotropic drugs certain years around the labor market exit. The results support the idea that involuntary labor market exit in mature adulthood may negatively affect the development of mental health
Informal Caregiving and Quality of Life Among Older Adults
Providing unpaid informal care to someone who is ill or disabled is a common experience in later life. While a supportive and potentially rewarding role, informal care can become a time and emotionally demanding activity, which may hinder older adults’ quality of life. In a context of rising demand for informal carers, we investigated how caregiving states and transitions are linked to overall levels and changes in quality of life, and how the re…
Reduction in sleep disturbances at retirement
Although retirement involves a radical change in daily activities, income, social roles and relationships, and the transition from paid work into retirement can, therefore, be expected to affect sleep, little is known about the effects of old-age retirement on changes in sleep disturbances, and how the impact of retirement may vary by gender, age and prior working conditions. This study modelled reported sleep disturbances up to nine years before…
Long working hours, anthropometry, lung function, blood pressure and blood-based biomarkers
BACKGROUND: Although long working hours have been shown to be associated with the onset of cardiometabolic diseases, the clinical risk factor profile associated with long working hours remains unclear. We compared the clinical risk profile between people who worked long hours and those who reported being never exposed to long hours. METHODS: A cross-sectional study in 22 health screening centres in France was based on a random population-based sa…
Does Labor Market Position Explain the Differences in Self-Rated Health between Employed Immigrants and Native Swedes
Many groups of immigrants have worse health than the native population in the host countries. One possible explanation for this is that immigrants are disadvantaged in the labor market, since it has been shown that both precarious and locked-in labor market position can be associated with health problems. However, no published study to date has analyzed the prevalence or consequences of locked-in labor market position among immigrants. The aim of…
Prevailing over Adversity
Disadvantaged circumstances in youth tend to translate into poor health development. However, the fact that this is not always the case has been seen as indicative of differential resilience. The current study highlights factors outside the context of the family with the potential to counteract the long-term negative influences of social and material adversity in adolescence on general health status. This study was based on two waves of questionn…
The negative effects on mental health of being in a non-desired occupation in an increasingly precarious labour market
Precarious employment has been associated with poor mental health. Moreover, increasing labour market precariousness may cause individuals to feel 'locked-in', in non-desired workplaces or occupations, out of fear of not finding a new employment. This could be experienced as a 'loss of control', with similar negative health consequences. It is plausible that the extent to which being in a non-desired occupation (NDO) or being in precarious employ…
Interactional justice at work is related to sickness absence
Our results underline the need for fair and just treatment of employees irrespective of perceived job insecurity in order to keep the workforce healthy and to minimize lost work days due to sickness absence
Life-Course Accumulation of Neighborhood Disadvantage and Allostatic Load
Objectives. We examined if the accumulation of neighborhood disadvantages from adolescence to mid-adulthood were related to allostatic load, a measure of cumulative biological risk, in mid-adulthood, and explored whether this association was similar in women and men. Methods. Data were from the participants in the Northern Swedish Cohort (analytical n = 818) at ages 16, 21, 30, and 43 years in 1981, 1986, 1995, and 2008. Personal living condition…
Socioeconomic status over the life course and allostatic load in adulthood
BACKGROUND: Although several studies have reported rather consistent associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and allostatic load (AL), so far no study has examined the influence of SES over the life course on AL. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between SES over the life course and AL in mid-adulthood, guided by the conceptual models of cumulative risk, critical period and social chain of risk. METHODS: The …
Diagnosis-specific sickness absence and all-cause mortality in the Gazel study
BACKGROUND: This study aims to examine diagnosis-specific sickness absence as a risk marker for all-cause mortality. METHODS: Prospective occupational cohort (the GAZEL study). Medically certified sickness absence spells >7 days for 15 diagnostic categories, 1990-1992, were examined in relation to all-cause mortality, January 1993-February 2007. The reference group for each diagnostic category was participants with no spell >7 days for that diagn…
Job Strain and Health-Related Lifestyle
Objectives. We examined the associations of job strain, an indicator of work-related stress, with overall unhealthy and healthy lifestyles. Methods. We conducted a meta-analysis of individual-level data from 11 European studies (cross-sectional data: n = 118 701; longitudinal data: n = 43 971). We analyzed job strain as a set of binary (job strain vs no job strain) and categorical (high job strain, active job, passive job, and low job strain) var…
Job strain and depressive symptoms in men and women
BACKGROUND: Several prospective studies have indicated increased risk of developing depressive symptoms in employees who report psychologically demanding and uncontrollable work (job strain). There are diverging findings regarding gender differences in this relationship. The aim was to analyse whether men and women differ with regard to the prospective relationship between adverse psychosocial work environment and depressive symptoms during a 2-y…
Prevalence and characteristics of hearing problems in a working and non-working Swedish population
BACKGROUND: Hearing problems are among the top 10 most common burdens of disease and are projected to be become even more common by the year 2030. The aim of the present study was to give a current assessment of the prevalence of communication difficulties because of hearing loss and tinnitus, in the general Swedish working and non-working populations in relation to sex, age, socioeconomic status (SES) and noise exposure. How prevalence is affect…
Diagnosis-specific sick leave as a risk marker for disability pension in a Swedish population
OBJECTIVE: To investigate diagnosis-specific sick leave as a risk marker for subsequent disability pension. DESIGN: A prospective population based cohort study. Exposure to a new medically certified sick leave episode of more than seven days by diagnosis during 1985 was examined in relation to incident cause-specific disability pension through 1996. PARTICIPANTS: The total non-retired population of one Swedish county aged 16 to 49 years, alive an…
Age-related trajectories of physical functioning in work and retirement
BACKGROUND: Loss of physical functioning is an early marker of declining health in older people. The objective of this study was to examine the age-related trajectories of physical functioning among those in full-time work and retirement. METHODS: Based on the Health and Retirement Study, participants who were working full-time or were in full-time retirement and 65-85 years of age during the follow-up period from 1992 to 2010 were included (n=17…
Informal Caregiving and Quality of Life Among Older Adults
Providing unpaid informal care to someone who is ill or disabled is a common experience in later life. While a supportive and potentially rewarding role, informal care can become a time and emotionally demanding activity, which may hinder older adults’ quality of life. In a context of rising demand for informal carers, we investigated how caregiving states and transitions are linked to overall levels and changes in quality of life, and how the re…
It's giving me the blues
Job strain and ischaemic disease
OBJECTIVE: Evidence on the association between job strain and ischaemic disease is mixed. This study examined whether including older age individuals in a cohort used to assess job strain attenuates findings towards the null. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study with baseline screening in 1992-5. A follow-up for ischaemic disease until 2003 was based on linkages to national registries. Ischaemic disease was corroborated by objective criteria (hospi…
Psychophysiological effects of temporary alternative employment
The nature of paid work in the retirement years
Ever more people are in paid work following the age of state pension availability, and yet the experience of working in this phase of the late career has been little studied. We interviewed a purposive sample of 25 Swedish people in their mid- to late sixties and early seventies, many of whom were or had recently been working while claiming an old-age pension. The data were analysed with constant comparative analysis in which we described and ref…
Changes in Job Quality as People Work Beyond Pensionable Age in Sweden
Large numbers of people remain in paid work after pensionable age, often in bridge jobs or with reduced working hours. Remarkably, knowledge about the quality of these jobs relative to those taken prior to pension eligibility is very limited. In this paper, we examined changes in job quality among workers in their sixties in the context of contemporaneous changes in work intensity and employment characteristics. This study is based on data from t…
Long working hours, anthropometry, lung function, blood pressure and blood-based biomarkers
BACKGROUND: Although long working hours have been shown to be associated with the onset of cardiometabolic diseases, the clinical risk factor profile associated with long working hours remains unclear. We compared the clinical risk profile between people who worked long hours and those who reported being never exposed to long hours. METHODS: A cross-sectional study in 22 health screening centres in France was based on a random population-based sa…
Does Labor Market Position Explain the Differences in Self-Rated Health between Employed Immigrants and Native Swedes
Many groups of immigrants have worse health than the native population in the host countries. One possible explanation for this is that immigrants are disadvantaged in the labor market, since it has been shown that both precarious and locked-in labor market position can be associated with health problems. However, no published study to date has analyzed the prevalence or consequences of locked-in labor market position among immigrants. The aim of…
Parental academic involvement in adolescence, academic achievement over the life course and allostatic load in middle age
BACKGROUND: Parental involvement in their children's studies, particularly in terms of academic socialisation, has been shown to predict academic achievement, and is thus a candidate modifiable factor influencing life course socioeconomic circumstances. Socioeconomic disadvantage is thought to impact on health over the life course partly by allostatic load, that is, cumulative biological risk. We sought to elucidate the role of parental involveme…
Diagnosis-specific sick leave as a long-term predictor of disability pension
BACKGROUND: Factors that increase the risk of labour market exclusion are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the extent to which all-cause and diagnosis-specific sick leave predict subsequent disability pension (DP). METHODS: Prospective cohort study of 20 434 persons employed by the French national gas and electric company (the GAZEL study). New sick-leave spells >7 days in 1990-1992 were obtained from company records. Follow-up for D…
All-cause and diagnosis-specific sickness absence as a predictor of sustained suboptimal health
UNLABELLED: background: Previous studies show that sickness absence predicts health, but it is unclear whether this association is persistent over time and whether specific diseases underlie long-term associations. The aim of this study was to investigate overall and diagnosis-specific sickness absences as predictors of sustained suboptimal health. METHODS: Prospective occupational cohort study of 15 320 employees (73% men) aged 37-51. Sickness a…
Changes in anabolic and catabolic activity among women taking part in an alternative labour market programme
Psychophysiological effects of temporary alternative employment
Changes in anabolic and catabolic activity among women taking part in an alternative labour market programme
Diagnosis-specific sick leave as a risk marker for disability pension in a Swedish population
OBJECTIVE: To investigate diagnosis-specific sick leave as a risk marker for subsequent disability pension. DESIGN: A prospective population based cohort study. Exposure to a new medically certified sick leave episode of more than seven days by diagnosis during 1985 was examined in relation to incident cause-specific disability pension through 1996. PARTICIPANTS: The total non-retired population of one Swedish county aged 16 to 49 years, alive an…
Job strain and ischaemic disease
OBJECTIVE: Evidence on the association between job strain and ischaemic disease is mixed. This study examined whether including older age individuals in a cohort used to assess job strain attenuates findings towards the null. DESIGN: A prospective cohort study with baseline screening in 1992-5. A follow-up for ischaemic disease until 2003 was based on linkages to national registries. Ischaemic disease was corroborated by objective criteria (hospi…
Self-rated health before and after retirement in France (Gazel)
Diagnosis-specific sickness absence and all-cause mortality in the Gazel study
BACKGROUND: This study aims to examine diagnosis-specific sickness absence as a risk marker for all-cause mortality. METHODS: Prospective occupational cohort (the GAZEL study). Medically certified sickness absence spells >7 days for 15 diagnostic categories, 1990-1992, were examined in relation to all-cause mortality, January 1993-February 2007. The reference group for each diagnostic category was participants with no spell >7 days for that diagn…
Using Sickness Absence Records to Predict Future Depression in a Working Population
Objectives. We tested the hypothesis that sickness absence from work predicts workers' risk of later depression. Methods. Study participants (n = 7391) belonged to the French GAZEL cohort of employees of the national gas and electricity company. Sickness absence data (1996–1999) were obtained from company records. Participants' depression in 1996 and 1999 was assessed with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression (CES-D) scale. The analyse…
Fetal and life course origins of serum lipids in mid-adulthood
Social circumstances during the life course seem to be of greater importance than birth weight for dyslipidemia and serum lipid levels in adulthood
Prevalence and characteristics of hearing problems in a working and non-working Swedish population
BACKGROUND: Hearing problems are among the top 10 most common burdens of disease and are projected to be become even more common by the year 2030. The aim of the present study was to give a current assessment of the prevalence of communication difficulties because of hearing loss and tinnitus, in the general Swedish working and non-working populations in relation to sex, age, socioeconomic status (SES) and noise exposure. How prevalence is affect…
All-cause and diagnosis-specific sickness absence as a predictor of sustained suboptimal health
UNLABELLED: background: Previous studies show that sickness absence predicts health, but it is unclear whether this association is persistent over time and whether specific diseases underlie long-term associations. The aim of this study was to investigate overall and diagnosis-specific sickness absences as predictors of sustained suboptimal health. METHODS: Prospective occupational cohort study of 15 320 employees (73% men) aged 37-51. Sickness a…
Involvement and structure
These findings suggest that promising areas for future research and improvement in change management could be the structured involvement of the employees in the planning of organizational changes, and the development of methods to avoid highly unregulated working conditions
Covert coping with unfair treatment at work and risk of incident myocardial infarction and cardiac death among men
BACKGROUND: Covert coping with unfair treatment at work--occurring when an employee does not show the "aggressor" that he/she feels unfairly treated--has been found to be associated with cardiovascular risk factors. This study examined whether covert coping also predicts incident coronary heart disease. METHODS: A prospective cohort study (the WOLF Stockholm study) of workplaces in the Stockholm area, Sweden. The participants were 2755 men with n…
Socioeconomic status over the life course and allostatic load in adulthood
BACKGROUND: Although several studies have reported rather consistent associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and allostatic load (AL), so far no study has examined the influence of SES over the life course on AL. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between SES over the life course and AL in mid-adulthood, guided by the conceptual models of cumulative risk, critical period and social chain of risk. METHODS: The …
Job strain as a risk factor for coronary heart disease
Diagnosis-specific sick leave as a long-term predictor of disability pension
BACKGROUND: Factors that increase the risk of labour market exclusion are poorly understood. In this study, we examined the extent to which all-cause and diagnosis-specific sick leave predict subsequent disability pension (DP). METHODS: Prospective cohort study of 20 434 persons employed by the French national gas and electric company (the GAZEL study). New sick-leave spells >7 days in 1990-1992 were obtained from company records. Follow-up for D…
Determinants in adolescence for adult sickness absence in women and men
The findings suggest that sickness absence in adulthood is predicted by factors measured in adolescence. These predictors may differ for women and men. For women, early life absence and social environmental factors, for men low achievements at school and lack of employment of their father seem to be predictive
Parental academic involvement in adolescence, academic achievement over the life course and allostatic load in middle age
BACKGROUND: Parental involvement in their children's studies, particularly in terms of academic socialisation, has been shown to predict academic achievement, and is thus a candidate modifiable factor influencing life course socioeconomic circumstances. Socioeconomic disadvantage is thought to impact on health over the life course partly by allostatic load, that is, cumulative biological risk. We sought to elucidate the role of parental involveme…
Job Strain and Health-Related Lifestyle
Objectives. We examined the associations of job strain, an indicator of work-related stress, with overall unhealthy and healthy lifestyles. Methods. We conducted a meta-analysis of individual-level data from 11 European studies (cross-sectional data: n = 118 701; longitudinal data: n = 43 971). We analyzed job strain as a set of binary (job strain vs no job strain) and categorical (high job strain, active job, passive job, and low job strain) var…
Job strain and depressive symptoms in men and women
BACKGROUND: Several prospective studies have indicated increased risk of developing depressive symptoms in employees who report psychologically demanding and uncontrollable work (job strain). There are diverging findings regarding gender differences in this relationship. The aim was to analyse whether men and women differ with regard to the prospective relationship between adverse psychosocial work environment and depressive symptoms during a 2-y…
Age-related trajectories of physical functioning in work and retirement
BACKGROUND: Loss of physical functioning is an early marker of declining health in older people. The objective of this study was to examine the age-related trajectories of physical functioning among those in full-time work and retirement. METHODS: Based on the Health and Retirement Study, participants who were working full-time or were in full-time retirement and 65-85 years of age during the follow-up period from 1992 to 2010 were included (n=17…
Life-Course Accumulation of Neighborhood Disadvantage and Allostatic Load
Objectives. We examined if the accumulation of neighborhood disadvantages from adolescence to mid-adulthood were related to allostatic load, a measure of cumulative biological risk, in mid-adulthood, and explored whether this association was similar in women and men. Methods. Data were from the participants in the Northern Swedish Cohort (analytical n = 818) at ages 16, 21, 30, and 43 years in 1981, 1986, 1995, and 2008. Personal living condition…
Cross-cultural validity of the demand-control questionnaire
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cross-cultural validity of the Demand-Control Questionnaire, comparing the original Swedish questionnaire with the Brazilian version. METHODS We compared data from 362 Swedish and 399 Brazilian health workers. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses were performed to test structural validity, using the robust weighted least squares mean and variance-adjusted (WLSMV) estimator. Construct validity, using hypotheses te…
Long working hours and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke
Parental academic involvement in adolescence as predictor of mental health trajectories over the life course
Parental involvement in their offspring's studies may buffer against poor mental health in adolescence which may track into adulthood
Depressive symptoms as a cause and effect of job loss in men and women
The evidence from this study suggests that the relative importance of social causation and health selection varies by gender in the context of organisational downsizing. Strategies for handling depression among employees should be sensitive to gender-specific risks during layoffs. Policies preventing social exclusion can be important for female workers at higher risk of depression
Medicine (41 works) · Psychology (30 works) · Workplace Health and Well-being (29 works) · Employment and Welfare Studies (23 works) · Environmental health (22 works) · Population (21 works) · Demography (20 works) · Gerontology (19 works) · Psychiatry (17 works) · Cohort (15 works)