Peter M Todd
Biographic Data
| ID | 199319 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Peter M Todd |
| GIVEN NAMES | Peter M |
| FAMILY NAME | Todd |
| SIGNATURE | TODD P M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Indiana University Bloomington |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0231-513X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 42 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 99 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 41 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2000 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Helping People in Times of Need Cultivates Empathy Over Time
Why is lower social class often associated with greater empathy? We test whether less wealthy people experience more challenges, thereby motivating them to help others as a means of securing future social support, and, in turn, cultivating empathy over recurrent experiences. Study 1 ( N = 513) showed that wealth was negatively correlated with empathy through fewer challenges and less helping. Study 2 ( N = 915) replicated this effect while reveal…
Hot hand thinking in children
Eating sustainably
Food scarcity and disease concern reduce interdependence when people eat together
Food sharing is central to the human experience, serving biological and sociocultural functions. Historically, food sharing has allowed people to manage food shortages, creating positive interdependence among those who pool calories and other sources of risk. However, sharing food may lead to negative outcomes when food is scarce, or when there is a threat of disease. We found that sharing food (compared with sharing pencils) led to reduced coope…
Identities as predictors of vaccine hesitancy during the Covid‐19 pandemic
Vaccine hesitancy is variable across individuals and contexts. Theoretical work suggests that group membership should differentially affect attitudes and behavior related to COVID‐19 vaccines, as individuals draw on their identities and experiences relevant to their social groups to deal with uncertainty concerning the vaccines. The present work uses longitudinal survey data to explore how identity predicted vaccination attitudes in the U.S. befo…
In which environments is impulsive behavior adaptive? A cross-discipline review and integration of formal models
n Contains fulltext :\n 289397.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)\n
Reorienting climate decision making research for smallholder farming systems through decision science
Socioeconomic threats are more salient to farmers than environmental threats
Agricultural decision making and climate uncertainty in developing countries
In situations of uncertainty, people often make decisions with heuristic shortcuts or decision rules, rather than using computational or logical methods such as optimizing their behavior based on specific goals. The high level of uncertainty and complexity involved in adapting to climate change suggests that heuristics would be commonly used in this context rather than more structured decision methods. Through a systematic review of 137 articles,…
Singles of both sexes expedite reproduction
Coevolution of Decision‐Making and Social Environments
Social scientists have a longstanding theoretical interest in the relationship between individual behavior and social dynamics. A growing body of work demonstrates that, when human behavior is interdependent—that is, what one person does depends on the past, present, or anticipated future actions of others—there is not a simple or linear relationship between the choices of individuals and their collective consequences. Outside of the academy, pol…
Exploration versus exploitation in space, mind, and society
Investing Even in Uneven Contests
Many competitions, such as political campaigns, innovative endeavors, sports, or courting rituals, require investment of nonrefundable resources: One contestant wins the prize for the invested amount, whereas all others lose their investments without receiving compensation. Frequently, contests are asymmetric, because of differing resources or prize valuations. Does asymmetry discourage the weaker contestants from investing? Do stronger contestan…
Genetic influences on dietary variety - Results from a twin study
Allocation of resources in asymmetric competitions
Modeling reproductive decisions with simple heuristics
Many of the reproductive decisions that humans make happen without much planning or forethought, arising instead through the use of simple choice rules or heuristics that involve relatively little information and processing. Nonetheless, these heuristic-gu
Judging romantic interest of others from thin slices is a cross-cultural ability
Mechanisms of ecological rationality
This article describes some of the simple heuristics that the human mind has evolved to use in particular circumstances, and the pressures on decision making that may have shaped the contents of the mind's adaptive toolbox. It begins by considering the notion of bounded rationality — the assumption that human cognition is constrained by limits of some sort — and just which types of bounds have been most important in cognitive evolution. It then l…
Cognitive Search
Over a century ago, William James proposed that people search through memory much as they rummage through a house looking for lost keys. We scour our environments for territory, food, mates, and information. We search for items in visual scenes, for historical facts, and for the best deals on Internet sites; we search for new friends to add to our social networks, and for solutions to novel problems. What we find is always governed by how we sear…
Ecological RationalityIntelligence in the World
"'More information is always better, and full information is best. More computation is always better, and optimization is best.' More-is-better ideals such as these have long shaped our vision of rationality. Yet humans and other animals typically rely on simple heuristics to solve adaptive problems, focusing on one or a few important cues and ignoring the rest, and shortcutting computation rather than striving for as much as possible. In this bo…
Expectations of clumpy resources influence predictions of sequential events
Humans show mate copying after observing real mate choices☆
Can There Ever Be Too Many Options? A Meta-Analytic Review of Choice Overload
The choice overload hypothesis states that an increase in the number of options to choose from may lead to adverse consequences such as a decrease in the motivation to choose or the satisfaction with the finally chosen option. A number of studies found strong instances of choice overload in the lab and in the field, but others found no such effects or found that more choices may instead facilitate choice and increase satisfaction. In a meta-analy…
Dining in the dark. The importance of visual cues for food consumption and satiety
When weight management lasts. Lower perceived rule complexity increases adherence
Fast and frugal food choices
Aggregate age-at-marriage patterns from individual mate-search heuristics
The distribution of age at first marriage shows well-known strong regularities across many countries and recent historical periods. We accounted for these patterns by developing agent-based models that simulate the aggregate behavior of individuals who are searching for marriage partners. Past models assumed fully rational agents with complete knowledge of the marriage market; our simulated agents used psychologically plausible simple heuristic m…
Bounding rationality to the world
Dining in the dark. The importance of visual cues for food consumption and satiety
Eating sustainably
Predicting children's meal preferences
The Ecological Rationality of Mechanisms Evolved to make up Minds
Selective pressures favoring rapid decisions would have led to the evolution of simple decision-making mechanisms that could take the form of heuristics and rules that use as little available information as possible. Such decision heuristics can only be ecologically rational-yielding accurate inferences in particular problem domains-if they exploit the way that information is structured in the environment. The author presents a variety of fast an…
Socioeconomic threats are more salient to farmers than environmental threats
Modeling reproductive decisions with simple heuristics
Many of the reproductive decisions that humans make happen without much planning or forethought, arising instead through the use of simple choice rules or heuristics that involve relatively little information and processing. Nonetheless, these heuristic-gu
When weight management lasts. Lower perceived rule complexity increases adherence
Investing Even in Uneven Contests
Many competitions, such as political campaigns, innovative endeavors, sports, or courting rituals, require investment of nonrefundable resources: One contestant wins the prize for the invested amount, whereas all others lose their investments without receiving compensation. Frequently, contests are asymmetric, because of differing resources or prize valuations. Does asymmetry discourage the weaker contestants from investing? Do stronger contestan…
Genetic influences on dietary variety - Results from a twin study
Food scarcity and disease concern reduce interdependence when people eat together
Food sharing is central to the human experience, serving biological and sociocultural functions. Historically, food sharing has allowed people to manage food shortages, creating positive interdependence among those who pool calories and other sources of risk. However, sharing food may lead to negative outcomes when food is scarce, or when there is a threat of disease. We found that sharing food (compared with sharing pencils) led to reduced coope…
Identities as predictors of vaccine hesitancy during the Covid‐19 pandemic
Vaccine hesitancy is variable across individuals and contexts. Theoretical work suggests that group membership should differentially affect attitudes and behavior related to COVID‐19 vaccines, as individuals draw on their identities and experiences relevant to their social groups to deal with uncertainty concerning the vaccines. The present work uses longitudinal survey data to explore how identity predicted vaccination attitudes in the U.S. befo…
Allocation of resources in asymmetric competitions
On Computational Models of the Evolution of Music
Evolutionary computing is a powerful tool for studying the origins and evolution of music. In this case, music is studied as an adaptive complex dynamic system and its origins and evolution are studied in the context of the cultural conventions that may emerge under a number of constraints (e.g. psychological, physiological and ecological). This paper introduces three case studies of evolutionary modelling of music. It begins with a model for stu…
Précis of Simple heuristics that make us smart
How can anyone be rational in a world where knowledge is limited, time is pressing, and deep thought is often an unattainable luxury? Traditional models of unbounded rationality and optimization in cognitive science, economics, and animal behavior have tended to view decision-makers as possessing supernatural powers of reason, limitless knowledge, and endless time. But understanding decisions in the real world requires a more psychologically plau…
Inducing compensatory information processing through decision aids that facilitate effort reduction
The Ecological Rationality of Mechanisms Evolved to make up Minds
Selective pressures favoring rapid decisions would have led to the evolution of simple decision-making mechanisms that could take the form of heuristics and rules that use as little available information as possible. Such decision heuristics can only be ecologically rational-yielding accurate inferences in particular problem domains-if they exploit the way that information is structured in the environment. The author presents a variety of fast an…
Putting naturalistic decision making into the adaptive toolbox
Imitation or Something Simpler? Modeling Simple Mechanisms for Social Information Processing
Bounding rationality to the world
On Computational Models of the Evolution of Music
Evolutionary computing is a powerful tool for studying the origins and evolution of music. In this case, music is studied as an adaptive complex dynamic system and its origins and evolution are studied in the context of the cultural conventions that may emerge under a number of constraints (e.g. psychological, physiological and ecological). This paper introduces three case studies of evolutionary modelling of music. It begins with a model for stu…
Accurate judgments of intention from motion cues alone
Aggregate age-at-marriage patterns from individual mate-search heuristics
The distribution of age at first marriage shows well-known strong regularities across many countries and recent historical periods. We accounted for these patterns by developing agent-based models that simulate the aggregate behavior of individuals who are searching for marriage partners. Past models assumed fully rational agents with complete knowledge of the marriage market; our simulated agents used psychologically plausible simple heuristic m…
Healthiness as a cue in school lunch choice? A study with children and their parents
Are parents able to predict the lunch choices of their children
Different cognitive processes underlie human mate choices and mate preferences
Based on undergraduates' self-reports of mate preferences for various traits and self-perceptions of their own levels on those traits, Buston and Emlen [Buston PM, Emlen ST (2003) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:8805–8810] concluded that modern human mate choices do not reflect predictions of tradeoffs from evolutionary theory but instead follow a “likes-attract” pattern, where people choose mates who match their self-perceptions. However, reported pr…
Fast and frugal food choices
Fast and frugal food choices
Keep it on
Predicting children's meal preferences
Evolution of rhythm as an indicator of mate quality
Regular rhythmic repetition is a basic element of music in all human cultures and appears in numerous animal courtship signals. We propose that rhythm can function in courtship displays as an indicator of underlying mate quality. We constructed a model to explore whether regularly repeating patterns can serve as amplifiers of the performer's underlying neural quality. Our co-evolutionary simulation comprises male “songs” and female preferences, r…
Humans show mate copying after observing real mate choices☆
Can There Ever Be Too Many Options? A Meta-Analytic Review of Choice Overload
The choice overload hypothesis states that an increase in the number of options to choose from may lead to adverse consequences such as a decrease in the motivation to choose or the satisfaction with the finally chosen option. A number of studies found strong instances of choice overload in the lab and in the field, but others found no such effects or found that more choices may instead facilitate choice and increase satisfaction. In a meta-analy…
Dining in the dark. The importance of visual cues for food consumption and satiety
When weight management lasts. Lower perceived rule complexity increases adherence
Expectations of clumpy resources influence predictions of sequential events
Judging romantic interest of others from thin slices is a cross-cultural ability
Mechanisms of ecological rationality
This article describes some of the simple heuristics that the human mind has evolved to use in particular circumstances, and the pressures on decision making that may have shaped the contents of the mind's adaptive toolbox. It begins by considering the notion of bounded rationality — the assumption that human cognition is constrained by limits of some sort — and just which types of bounds have been most important in cognitive evolution. It then l…
Cognitive Search
Over a century ago, William James proposed that people search through memory much as they rummage through a house looking for lost keys. We scour our environments for territory, food, mates, and information. We search for items in visual scenes, for historical facts, and for the best deals on Internet sites; we search for new friends to add to our social networks, and for solutions to novel problems. What we find is always governed by how we sear…
Psychology (31 works) · Computer Science (24 works) · Social Psychology (16 works) · Cognitive psychology (15 works) · Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics (13 works) · Economics (13 works) · Heuristics (11 works) · Artificial Intelligence (10 works) · Medicine (10 works) · Biology (9 works)