Christopher J Armitage
Biographic Data
| ID | 201721 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Christopher J Armitage |
| GIVEN NAMES | Christopher J |
| FAMILY NAME | Armitage |
| SIGNATURE | ARMITAGE C J |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Sheffield |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2365-1765 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 77 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 106 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 77 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1975 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Using the Novel Indigo Method to Explore What a Brief Mindfulness-Based Intervention Should Comprise
The effects of graded tasks on physical activity
How Effective Are Credible Sources in Changing Behavior? A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the unique effects of credible sources on performed behavior, rather than behavioral antecedents (i.e., attitudes), and contexts where it is most effective. Six databases were searched to June 2024, yielding 40 effect sizes ( N = 7,995, 58.42% females, mean age of 17.75 years old, with mostly White ethnicity 75.81%) from 34 papers. A random effects model indicated a small positive effect, d = …
Psychometric properties and demographic correlates of the Malay anxiety about ageing scale
Anxiety about aging is associated with adverse health and wellbeing outcomes, and increased ageism toward older people. Levels of anxiety about aging differ according to demographic variables such as age, gender, education and cultural background, and can be decreased through educational interventions. However, a lack of tools for measuring anxiety about aging in Eastern populations has limited research in non-Western populations. The aims of thi…
What are Deaf sign language users’ experiences as patients in healthcare services? A scoping review
Background Deaf people who use a signed language experience poorer physical and mental health outcomes and inequalities in access and delivery of health services. Objectives A scoping review was conducted to identify and synthesise current knowledge on the perspectives of Deaf people and their experience of healthcare. Search strategy Databases PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL were used for this review. Inclusion criteria Any studies …
Acceptability and fidelity of the multidomain ‘Brain Bootcamp’ dementia risk reduction program
ACTRN12621000165886
A theory-based randomised controlled trial to increase delivery of behaviour change interventions by healthcare professionals
BACKGROUND: Public health policies require healthcare professionals to incorporate health behaviour change interventions (HBCIs) into routine consultations. This study tested whether an "if-then" planning intervention could enhance HBCI delivery. METHODS: A randomised controlled trial involving 1008 UK NHS healthcare professionals compared an intervention group, who formed "if-then" plans, with an active control group. Data were collected at one,…
Exploring General Practitioners' Management of Self‐Harm in Young People
BACKGROUND: General practitioners (GPs) are key to the frontline assessment and treatment of young people after self-harm. Young people value GP-led self-harm care, but little is known about how GPs manage young people after self-harm. AIM: This study aimed to understand the approaches of GPs to self-harm in young people and explore their perspectives on ways they might help young people avoid repeat self-harm. METHODS: We conducted semi-structur…
Stressors and suicidal ideation in low-income adults in Malaysia
Background: Studies have documented a heightened risk of suicidal ideation in response to stressors, especially among people from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds. However, the mechanisms of this association remain elusive. Aims: Drawing on the social deterioration and counteractive models, this study aims to elucidate the pathways linking stressors to suicidal ideation through serial mediation of social support and mental health sympt…
What are the Correlates of Hearing Aid Use for People Living With Dementia
Objectives To identify correlates of hearing aid use in people with dementia and age-related hearing loss. Methods Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses of predictor variables from 239 participants with dementia and hearing loss in the European SENSE-Cog Randomized Controlled Trial (Cyprus, England, France, Greece, and Ireland). Results In multivariate analysis, four variables were significantly associated with hearing aid use: …
Examining healthcare professional delivery of health behaviour change interventions during a public health emergency
This study aimed to assess the extent to which healthcare professional characteristics and perceptions of major stressors during a public health emergency were associated with delivering health behaviour change interventions. A survey was administered in 2022 to a representative sample of 1008 healthcare professionals working in the UK's National Health Service (NHS). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and hierarchical linear regress…
Very small effects of an imagery-based randomised trial to promote adherence to wearing face coverings during the Covid-19 pandemic and identification of future intervention targets
Objective: Mental imagery interventions are a cost-effective way of promoting health behaviour change. We tested a mental imagery intervention designed to promote adherence to wearing face coverings during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design: A four-arm randomised controlled trial to explore potential mechanisms of action. Main outcome measures: Measures of behaviour (frequency of self-reported face covering adherence), theory of planned behaviour const…
Does refining an intervention based on participant feedback increase acceptability? An experimental approach
The null effects reported here imply that participants found both the original and modified versions of the intervention equally acceptable, and that our process of refining an intervention based on participant feedback did not impact on acceptability. Nevertheless, we have operationalised a robust approach for examining whether participant feedback impacts on the acceptability of an intervention. Further research is required to understand better…
Cross-sectional survey of attitudes and beliefs towards dementia risk reduction among Australian older adults
ACTRN12621000165886, Date of registration: 17/02/2021
Areas of enduring Covid-19 prevalence
This study is the first to add the voices of Directors of Public Health, who played a crucial role in the local COVID-19 response. Areas of enduring prevalence existed during the pandemic which were caused by a complex mix of structural factors related to inequalities. Participants advised that more research is needed on the effectiveness of mitigation strategies and other measures to reduce the impact of structural inequalities, to better unders…
Shedding Light on Sars-CoV-2, Covid-19, Covid-19 Vaccination, and Auditory Symptoms
There are reports of associations between SARS-CoV2, COVID-19, COVID-19 vaccines, and auditory symptoms (hearing difficulty, tinnitus). However, most studies have relied on self-report and lack baseline and/or non-COVID control groups. This makes it problematic to differentiate if symptoms are associated with SARS-CoV2, COVID-19, the vaccine, psychosocial factors or recall bias. In this study, we differentiate these by comparing hearing and tinni…
Lord Atkin, the snail and the foreigner
In Donoghue v Stevenson, Lord Atkin in the majority perceived the Christian principle of loving one’s neighbour to require a duty of reasonable care to the neighbour, who was [a person who is] ‘so closely and directly affected by my act that I ought reasonably to have them in contemplation as being so affected when I am directing my mind to the acts or omissions which are called in question’. In Liversidge v Anderson his Lordship held in dissent …
The perspectives of survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma on lung cancer screening
BACKGROUND: Hodgkin lymphoma survivors (HLS) are at excess risk of lung cancer as a consequence of HL treatment. HLS without a heavy smoking history are currently unable to access lung cancer screening (LCS) programmes aimed at ever smokers, and there is an unmet need to develop a targeted LCS programme. In this study we prospectively explored HLS perspectives on a future LCS programme, including motivating factors and potential barriers to parti…
Acceptability of reducing sedentariness using a mobile-phone application based on ‘if then’ plans for people with psychosis
OBJECTIVE: To understand the acceptability of (a) reducing sedentary-behaviour in people with psychosis using 'if-then' plans and (b) the proposed app content. DESIGN: Qualitative acceptability study. METHOD: Three structured focus-groups and an interview were conducted with eight participants who had experience of a psychotic episode. They discussed sedentary-behaviour, being more active, critical situations in which they may be tempted to be se…
De-escalation of conflict in forensic mental health inpatient settings
Background Violence and other harms that result from conflict in forensic inpatient mental health settings are an international problem. De-escalation approaches for reducing conflict are recommended, yet the evidence-base for their use is limited. For the first time, the present study uses implementation science and behaviour change approaches to identify the specific organisational and individual behaviour change targets for enhanced de-escalat…
Are interventions delivered by healthcare professionals effective for weight management? A systematic review of systematic reviews
Objective: There are many systematic reviews of weight management interventions delivered by healthcare professionals (HCP), but it is not clear under what circumstances interventions are effective due to differences in review methodology. This review of systematic reviews synthesises the evidence about: (a) the effectiveness of HCP-delivered weight management interventions and (b) intervention and sample characteristics related to their effectiv…
Interventions to promote physical distancing behaviour during infectious disease pandemics or epidemics
Combining timelining and storyboarding to create a novel method for INtervention DesIGn with stakehOlders
Design is a key part of the healthcare intervention development process, yet it is often viewed as unclear, unstructured, and challenging. INDIGO ('INtervention DesIGn with stakehOlders') is a new mixed method that brings structure and creativity to the healthcare intervention design process and facilitates a holistic perspective of complex interventions. INDIGO combines and adapts timelining and storyboarding and enables users to create a visual…
Synthesizing the effects of mental simulation on behavior change
Mental simulation of future scenarios is hypothesized to affect future behavior, but a large and inconsistent literature means it is unclear whether, and under what conditions, mental simulation can change people’s behavior. A meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize the effects of mental simulation on behavior and examine under what conditions mental simulation works best. An inclusive systematic database search identified 123 ( N = 5,685) effe…
Learning from previous lockdown measures and minimising harmful biopsychosocial consequences as they end
Moderator effects of attitudinal ambivalence on attitude–behaviour relationships
Attitudinal ambivalence is generally construed as existing when the same attitude object is evaluated simultaneously as both positive and negative. The present research examined the moderating role of attitudinal ambivalence (as assessed by split‐semantic differential measure) on the relationship between bipolar semantic differential measures of attitude and subsequent behaviour using moderated regression analysis. In Study 1, higher levels of at…
Credibility and the 'professionalized' lay expert
Contemporary health policy in England places increasing emphasis on patient and public involvement (PPI) in health and health research. With regard to the latter, it has been suggested that PPI brings 'different' perspectives to research decision-making spaces, based on what has been referred to as 'experiential expertise'. This article presents findings from a qualitative study of PPI in cancer research settings in England. We argue that partici…
Critical perspectives on 'consumer involvement' in health research
Researchers in the area of health and social care (both in Australia and internationally) are encouraged to involve consumers throughout the research process, often on ethical, political and methodological grounds, or simply as 'good practice'. This article presents findings from a qualitative study in the UK of researchers' experiences and views of consumer involvement in health research. Two main themes are presented. First, we explore the 'kno…
Do techniques that increase fruit intake also increase vegetable intake? Evidence from a comparison of two implementation intention interventions
Felt and Potential Ambivalence across the Stages of Change
This study tested discontinuity patterns across the stages of change. Fat intake, theory of planned behaviour (TPB) variables, and felt and potential ambivalence were assessed in 16-17 year olds ( N = 187). Across the stages of change there were: (a) linear increases in TPB variables, (b) linear decreases in fat intake, and (c) quadratic relationships with felt and potential ambivalence. Although felt and potential ambivalence were moderately cor…
Research priorities for the Covid-19 pandemic and beyond
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic represents the greatest international biopsychosocial emergency the world has faced for a century, and psychological science has an integral role to offer in helping societies recover. The aim of this paper is to set out the shorter- and longer-term priorities for research in psychological science that will (a) frame t…
Promoting drivers' compliance with speed limits
The efficacy of a theory of planned behaviour (TPB)-based intervention to promote drivers' compliance with speed limits was tested. Participants (N=300) were randomly assigned to an experimental condition, and received persuasive messages designed to change beliefs as specified in the TPB, or a control condition. Baseline and follow-up (1 month post-baseline) measures of TPB variables and behaviour were collected using postal questionnaires. Resu…
Beyond attitudinal ambivalence
Attitudinal ambivalence extends the traditional unidimensional conceptualization of attitude by acknowledging that people can simultaneously evaluate attitude objects as positive and negative. The present paper argues that this bidimensional view of attitudes may be extended further to take account of multidimensional influences on attitudes using measures of belief homogeneity. Study 1 (n = 155) showed that attitudes based on homogeneous belief‐…
When Are Caregivers More Likely to Offer Sugary Drinks and Snacks to Infants? A Qualitative Thematic Synthesis
Many children consume more sugar than is recommended, and caregivers often find it difficult to change this habit once established. This thematic synthesis aims to identify the "critical situations" where caregivers may be more likely to offer infants sugary drinks and snacks. This thematic synthesis is reported in accordance with the statement for enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research (ENTREQ). Our confidence …
Test of a brief theory of planned behaviour-based intervention to promote adolescent safe sex intentions
The present study tested a brief (303 word) intervention designed to change attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control regarding a safe sex behaviour in a sample of 16- to 18-year-olds. Participants (N = 288) were randomized to receive either an experimental intervention or a control (knowledge only) intervention and completed measures of their reactions to the stimuli as well as pre- and post-test measures of theory of planned …
Evidence That Theory of Planned Behaviour Variables Mediate the Effects of Socio-demographic Variables on Homeless People's Participation in Service Programmes
This article reports findings from two studies ( N = 88, N = 100) using Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to predict homeless people's uptake of service programmes. Study 1 was conducted with an opportunity sample whereas Study 2 employed a representative sample. Both studies provide support for the application of the TPB, and demonstrate that the effects of demographic characteristics on behaviour were mediated by TPB variables. The disc…
Efficacy of a minimal intervention to reduce fat intake
Are diet-specific compensatory health beliefs predictive of dieting intentions and behaviour
Exploring the Impact of Patient and Public Involvement in a Cancer Research Setting
An enduring theme in the literature exploring patient and public involvement (PPI) in research has been the focus on evaluating impact, defined usually in terms of participants' practical contribution to enhancing research processes. By contrast, there has been less emphasis on the perspectives and experiences of those involved in PPI. Drawing on qualitative data with people involved in the National Cancer Research Network in the United Kingdom, …
Testing multiple means of self-affirmation
The effects of self-affirmation manipulations are not yet well understood because several different affirmation manipulations have been tested using multiple dependent variables. The aim of the present research was to establish whether global self-feelings and self-esteem, or interpersonal positive feelings are affected by affirming the self. Experiment 1 showed that completing a kindness questionnaire led to adolescent girls reporting more posit…
Combining timelining and storyboarding to create a novel method for INtervention DesIGn with stakehOlders
Design is a key part of the healthcare intervention development process, yet it is often viewed as unclear, unstructured, and challenging. INDIGO ('INtervention DesIGn with stakehOlders') is a new mixed method that brings structure and creativity to the healthcare intervention design process and facilitates a holistic perspective of complex interventions. INDIGO combines and adapts timelining and storyboarding and enables users to create a visual…
Cognitive and affective predictors of academic achievement in schoolchildren
The ability of the theory of planned behaviour to predict objectively measured outcomes was tested in school‐age children. Study 1 ( N =71) showed that the theory of planned behaviour accounted for significant proportions of the variance in intention and that the intentions predicted scores in a science test; study 2 ( N =175) replicated these effects across a broader range of subjects. In addition, study 2 explored the mechanism by which intenti…
Books on Canada
Extending the Theory of Planned Behavior
This paper describes and reviews the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The focus is on evidence supporting the further extension of the TPB in various ways. Empirical and theoretical evidence to support the addition of 6 variables to the TPB is reviewed: belief salience measures, past behavior/habit, perceived behavioral control (PBC) vs. self‐efficacy, moral norms, self‐identity, and affective beliefs. In each case there appears to be growing em…
Distinguishing Perceptions of Control From Self‐Efficacy
The aims of the present study are fourfold: to apply the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to eating a low‐fat diet; to consider differences between self‐efficacy and perceived control over behavior (PCB); to examine self‐identity as a potential addition to the model; and to identify beliefs which may provide useful targets for interventions. Findings support the efficacy of the TPB as a predictor of low‐fat diet. Evidence for the distinction betw…
The theory of planned behaviour
The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) has received considerable attention in the literature. However, there have been few attempts to assess the proposed causal links between beliefs, attitudes, intentions and behaviour. The present study was designed to assess the predictive validity and causal ordering of TPB constructs over a 3‐month period. Findings indicated good internal and test‐retest reliability of assessed components; evidence for a dis…
Predictive validity of the theory of planned behaviour
The present study was designed to assess the predictive validity of a theory of planned behaviour extended to include self-identity, in the context of health-related food choice. Following criticism of the use of questionnaires in social cognitive research, the impact of questionnaire format (random vs structured) and social desirability on questionnaire responses was assessed. Findings indicated that intention was the principal determinant of fo…
Differential effects of mood on information processing
The theories of reasoned action and planned behaviour continue to receive considerable research attention, despite criticisms of their ‘asocial’ conceptualisation and the rational decision-making approach. Two studies were designed to assess the impact of induced mood on condom use (Study 1) and food choice (Study 2). Both studies provided support for application of the theory of reasoned action to health-related behaviour, and for differential e…
Social cognition models and health behaviour
A number of social cognition models have been developed to account for socio-demographic variations in health behaviour. This paper distinguishes between: (a) motivational, (b) behavioural enaction, and (c) multi-stage models of health behaviour. The models are evaluated in terms of advancement of existing knowledge and - where appropriate - predictive utility. Common themes that appear within- and between- these categories are discussed, with co…
Attitudinal Ambivalence
This article reports two studies designed to test the hypotheses that lower levels of attitudinal ambivalence are associated with attitudes that are more predictive of behavior, more stable over time, and less pliable. Study 1 (n = 346) employed a prospective design to test the effects of ambivalence on attitude-intention-behavior relationships. Findings indicated that less ambivalent attitudes were more predictive of subsequent behavioral intent…
Efficacy of the Theory of Planned Behaviour
The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) has received considerable attention in the literature. The present study is a quantitative integration and review of that research. From a database of 185 independent studies published up to the end of 1997, the TPB accounted for 27% and 39% of the variance in behaviour and intention, respectively. The perceived behavioural control (PBC) construct accounted for significant amounts of variance in intention and…
Efficacy of a minimal intervention to reduce fat intake
Moderator effects of attitudinal ambivalence on attitude–behaviour relationships
Attitudinal ambivalence is generally construed as existing when the same attitude object is evaluated simultaneously as both positive and negative. The present research examined the moderating role of attitudinal ambivalence (as assessed by split‐semantic differential measure) on the relationship between bipolar semantic differential measures of attitude and subsequent behaviour using moderated regression analysis. In Study 1, higher levels of at…
Beyond attitudinal ambivalence
Attitudinal ambivalence extends the traditional unidimensional conceptualization of attitude by acknowledging that people can simultaneously evaluate attitude objects as positive and negative. The present paper argues that this bidimensional view of attitudes may be extended further to take account of multidimensional influences on attitudes using measures of belief homogeneity. Study 1 (n = 155) showed that attitudes based on homogeneous belief‐…
Evidence That Theory of Planned Behaviour Variables Mediate the Effects of Socio-demographic Variables on Homeless People's Participation in Service Programmes
This article reports findings from two studies ( N = 88, N = 100) using Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to predict homeless people's uptake of service programmes. Study 1 was conducted with an opportunity sample whereas Study 2 employed a representative sample. Both studies provide support for the application of the TPB, and demonstrate that the effects of demographic characteristics on behaviour were mediated by TPB variables. The disc…
Felt and Potential Ambivalence across the Stages of Change
This study tested discontinuity patterns across the stages of change. Fat intake, theory of planned behaviour (TPB) variables, and felt and potential ambivalence were assessed in 16-17 year olds ( N = 187). Across the stages of change there were: (a) linear increases in TPB variables, (b) linear decreases in fat intake, and (c) quadratic relationships with felt and potential ambivalence. Although felt and potential ambivalence were moderately cor…
Cognitive and affective predictors of academic achievement in schoolchildren
The ability of the theory of planned behaviour to predict objectively measured outcomes was tested in school‐age children. Study 1 ( N =71) showed that the theory of planned behaviour accounted for significant proportions of the variance in intention and that the intentions predicted scores in a science test; study 2 ( N =175) replicated these effects across a broader range of subjects. In addition, study 2 explored the mechanism by which intenti…
Expanding the Affective and Normative Components of the Theory of Planned Behavior
Meta‐analysis was used to determine the predictive validity of anticipated affect and moral norms in the theory of planned behavior (TPB; Ajzen, 1991 ). Medium‐to‐large sample‐weighted average correlations were obtained. Anticipated affect and moral norms increased the variance explained in intentions by 5% and 3%, respectively, controlling for TPB variables. Intention mediated the influence of both variables on behavior. Moderator analyses showe…
Health researchers’ attitudes towards public involvement in health research
Objective To investigate health researchers’ attitudes to involving the public in research. Background Public involvement in research is encouraged by the Department of Health in the UK. Despite this, the number of health researchers actively involving the public in research appears to be limited. There is little research specifically addressing the attitudes of health researchers towards involving the public: how they interpret the policy, what …
Small Area and Individual Level Predictors of Physical Activity in Urban Communities
Reducing population physical inactivity has been declared a global public health priority. We report a detailed multi-level analysis of small area indices and individual factors as correlates of physical activity in deprived urban areas. Multi-level regression analysis was used to investigate environmental and individual correlates of physical activity. Nine individual factors were retained in the overall model, two related to individual intentio…
Promoting drivers' compliance with speed limits
The efficacy of a theory of planned behaviour (TPB)-based intervention to promote drivers' compliance with speed limits was tested. Participants (N=300) were randomly assigned to an experimental condition, and received persuasive messages designed to change beliefs as specified in the TPB, or a control condition. Baseline and follow-up (1 month post-baseline) measures of TPB variables and behaviour were collected using postal questionnaires. Resu…
Test of a brief theory of planned behaviour-based intervention to promote adolescent safe sex intentions
The present study tested a brief (303 word) intervention designed to change attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control regarding a safe sex behaviour in a sample of 16- to 18-year-olds. Participants (N = 288) were randomized to receive either an experimental intervention or a control (knowledge only) intervention and completed measures of their reactions to the stimuli as well as pre- and post-test measures of theory of planned …
Critical perspectives on 'consumer involvement' in health research
Researchers in the area of health and social care (both in Australia and internationally) are encouraged to involve consumers throughout the research process, often on ethical, political and methodological grounds, or simply as 'good practice'. This article presents findings from a qualitative study in the UK of researchers' experiences and views of consumer involvement in health research. Two main themes are presented. First, we explore the 'kno…
Testing multiple means of self-affirmation
The effects of self-affirmation manipulations are not yet well understood because several different affirmation manipulations have been tested using multiple dependent variables. The aim of the present research was to establish whether global self-feelings and self-esteem, or interpersonal positive feelings are affected by affirming the self. Experiment 1 showed that completing a kindness questionnaire led to adolescent girls reporting more posit…
Do techniques that increase fruit intake also increase vegetable intake? Evidence from a comparison of two implementation intention interventions
Credibility and the 'professionalized' lay expert
Contemporary health policy in England places increasing emphasis on patient and public involvement (PPI) in health and health research. With regard to the latter, it has been suggested that PPI brings 'different' perspectives to research decision-making spaces, based on what has been referred to as 'experiential expertise'. This article presents findings from a qualitative study of PPI in cancer research settings in England. We argue that partici…
Study protocol
ISRCTN27596806
Medicine (47 works) · Psychology (45 works) · Behavioral Health and Interventions (27 works) · Psychological intervention (25 works) · Social Psychology (25 works) · Nursing (23 works) · Psychiatry (20 works) · Sociology (17 works) · Political science (16 works) · Public health (16 works)