Øyvind Sandbakk
Biographic Data
| ID | 217864 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Øyvind Sandbakk |
| GIVEN NAMES | Øyvind |
| FAMILY NAME | Sandbakk |
| SIGNATURE | SANDBAKK Ø |
| AFFILIATIONS | Norwegian University of Science and Technology |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9014-5152 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 31 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 12 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 31 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2019 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Despite what we know, physical activity continues to decline
Despite decades of robust evidence on the benefits of regular physical activity, the fitness and health of young people are in worrying decline worldwide. Today, around 80% of adolescents fail to meet recommended daily activity levels, a trend which parallels an increase in youth overweight and obesity rates. This perspective paper examines the wide-ranging consequences of inactivity in adolescence, ranging from heightened long-term risks of chro…
Sport engagement and life satisfaction in late childhood
Background: While sport participation and physical activity are widely recognized as beneficial for children's well-being, limited research has examined how the frequency of sport engagement relates to life satisfaction (LS) in late childhood. This study aimed to (1) describe the frequency of sport participation, active transport, and LS among Norwegian children aged 10-12 years, and (2) assess the associations between sport participation frequen…
Sex differences in speed and sub-technique selection in elite sprint cross-country skiers
Purpose This study investigated sex differences in speed, sub-technique selection and cycle characteristics during a sprint cross-country skiing time-trial qualification in the classical style. Methods Thirty elite- to world-class cross-country skiers (15 women, 15 men; mean International Ski Federation [FIS] sprint points ∼58 in both groups) performed an FIS-regulated on-snow classical sprint competition. The initial 1.3-km time-trial qualificat…
Female trail running
Trail running's popularity among women is increasing, yet research addressing the unique physiological demands, performance factors, and injury patterns in this population remains limited. This scoping systematic review aimed to map the existing research landscape on female trail runners; synthesize current evidence across physiological, nutritional, injury, and performance domains; and identify critical knowledge gaps to guide future investigati…
Exploring key factors associated with training quality among elite para-athletes. A qualitative study
Based on the experiences of 21 elite para-athletes, this study highlights the importance of planning and preparation, deliberate execution of training, and a competent coaching and support team to influence training quality both in the training process and specific training sessions. The extent to which the underlying factors may impact training quality, depends on impairment and sport. Athletes may improve training quality by making deliberate d…
Socioeconomic status, sport participation, and school-related outcomes among Norwegian adolescents
Background Extensive research highlights the critical role of sport and physical activity (PA) engagement during adolescence, as it is strongly associated with enhanced subjective well-being, reduced risk of mental health problems, and prevention of chronic diseases in adulthood. Thus, it is highly important to identify key barriers of sport participation in adolescence. The present study aimed to; (1) describe socioeconomic status (SES) across d…
The training and development process for a world-class female handball player
Introduction Limited information is available regarding the development of young talents who successfully follow the pathway to professional handball. The aim of this study was to retrospectively investigate the longitudinal training and development process of a world-class female handball player. Methods An intrinsic case study design was used to capture the quantitative and qualitative aspects related to the training and development process. We…
The training and development process during childhood and adolescence of a multiple Ballon d'Or-nominated soccer player
The novel insights reported here may serve as a basis for reflection when players and coaches consider how they should optimize the long-term development and performance. However, the unusually high training volumes described here should not be interpreted as general recommendations for average youth players or non-elite settings
The relationship between sleep duration and physical activity level among Norwegian adolescents
Background Failure to adhere to sleep and physical activity recommendations among adolescents constitutes a public health problem. However, the associations between sleep duration and adolescents’ physical activity levels remain less explored. The aims of this paper were twofold: (1) to describe sleep and physical activity levels among Norwegian school-based adolescents, stratified by school level and sex and (2) to explore the association betwee…
Adherence to physical activity recommendations and associations with self-efficacy among Norwegian adolescents
Background: The crucial role of physical activity (PA) in promoting well-being and overall health of adolescents is widely acknowledged. Previous global studies have consistently revealed low adherence to PA recommendations among adolescents, emphasizing potential links between PA engagement and self-efficacy in school-based populations. However, there is a need for further exploration of this relationship, in particularly gender differences and …
The relationship between perceived school stress and satisfaction with life among Norwegian school-based adolescents and the moderating role of perceived teacher care
Higher perceived school stress was strongly inversely associated with life satisfaction in Norwegian adolescents, in both girls and boys, and in both lower and secondary school. Teacher care was identified as a moderator and seems to play a crucial part in the everyday life of Norwegian adolescents. These implications extend to teacher education, practice, and policy, which should be aware of the pivotal role of perceived teacher care on Norwegia…
Finding the optimal balance
This study offers valuable insights into father-athlete challenges that can be used to support career longevity and work-life balance among male athletes
Associations between levels of physical activity and satisfaction with life among Norwegian adolescents
Background A robust association between physical activity (PA) and satisfaction with life (SWL) has been established, wherein self-efficacy has been identified as a mediator across different populations. However, there is a need to further examine the relationship between PA and SWL and whether self-efficacy act a as mediator within different levels of PA among Norwegian adolescents. Thus, the objective of this study was to explore the relationsh…
Performance and jump-to-jump development in the first female ski flying competition in history
In 2023, for the first time in history, the international ski and snowboard federation (FIS) arranged an official ski flying competition where the 15 highest ranked women were allowed to participate. This study investigated jump-to-jump performance development in female ski flying, with men's results used as reference data. Official FIS data from all six jumps of women were evaluated together with the eight jumps by men. Performance was evaluated…
New insights from Norwegian and Swedish sports coaches' employment, practices, and beliefs during the first Covid-19 restriction period
Overall, this study showed the imposed movement restrictions had several negative consequences for the employment and work practices of sports coaches in Norway and Sweden. However, it also highlighted that coaches were able to adapt their work practices to the constraints and were able to maintain relationships with their athletes. The consequences raised in this paper can act as a guide during possible future lockdowns
Race development and performance-determining factors in a mass-start cross-country skiing competition
Our results suggest that (a) an adequate starting position, (b) the ability to avoid incidents and disadvantages from the accordion effect, (c) tolerate fluctuations in intensity, and (d) maintain speed throughout the competition, particularly in uphill terrain, as well as (e) having well-developed final sprint abilities, are key factors determining performance during skating-style mass-start cross-country skiing competitions
Offered Support and Knowledge about the Menstrual Cycle in the Athletic Community
Many female athletes perceive that symptoms related to the menstrual cycle such as dysmenorrhea, premenstrual symptoms, amenorrhea or side-effects of hormonal contraceptives negatively impact their training, performance, and general well-being. Knowledge and communication about female athletes' health is therefore important in the sport community. The aims of this study were to explore the level of knowledge and communication about menstrual cycl…
Analysis of a Skating Time-Trial Competition and Associated Performance-Determinants in Cross-Country Skiers
Purpose : To examine the contributions of time in different terrains and sub-technique distribution to overall time-trial performance, as well as the relationships of laboratory and field-based performance determinants in cross-country skiers. Methods : Fourteen male XC skiers were monitored during a 10 km (3 × 3.3 km) skating time-trial competition. On separate days, the skiers performed body composition assessments, laboratory tests while rolle…
Comparison of Race Time-Differences Between and Within Para and Able-Bodied Cross-Country Skiers
Purpose To compare differences in race time (i.e., the average percent difference in race time for each skier compared to the winner, RT diffs ) between female and male Para and able-bodied (AB) skiers, and to examine whether RT diffs change across seasons. Methods Race data from World Cups (WCs), World Championships (WCHs), and Paralympic/Olympic Winter Games (PWG/OWGs) of the 2011–2020 seasons was extracted from the website of the International…
Prevalence and Self-Perceived Experiences With the Use of Hormonal Contraceptives Among Competitive Female Cross-Country Skiers and Biathletes in Norway
PurposeTo investigate the prevalence of hormonal contraceptive (HC) use by female cross-country (XC) skiers and biathletes competing at a national and/or international level, their reasons for HC use, and to compare negative symptoms related to the HC-/menstrual cycle in HC users and non-HC users. Additionally, to characterize the self-perceived influence of HC use on training and performance.MethodsA total of 113 Norwegian competitive XC skiers …
A Comparison of Double Poling Physiology and Kinematics Between Long-Distance and All-Round Cross-Country Skiers
PurposeThe objective of this study was to compare physiological and kinematic responses to double poling (DP) between long-distance (LDS) and all-round (ARS) cross-country skiers.MethodsA number of five world-class LDS (28.8 ± 5.1 years, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max): 70.4 ± 2.9 ml·kg−1·min−1) and seven ARS (22.3 ± 2.8 years, VO2max: 69.1 ± 4.2 ml·kg−1·min−1) athletes having similar training volumes and VO2max performed three identical tests; (1…
Effect of Carbohydrate Content in a Pre-event Meal on Endurance Performance-Determining Factors
The current study aimed to investigate the effect of the relative CHO content in a pre-event meal on time to exhaustion (TTE), peak oxygen uptake ( V ∙ O 2 peak ), the 2nd lactate threshold (LT2), onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA), and work economy (WE) and to compare responses between well-trained and recreationally trained individuals. Eleven well-trained and 10 recreationally trained men performed three trials in a randomized cross-ov…
Choice of Pole and Ski Lengths Among Elite Cross-Country Skiers
Cross-country (XC) skiers employ whole-body exercise to generate speed through poles and skis. The choice of optimal pole and ski lengths are therefore of high importance. The aim of this study was to document pole and ski lengths among elite male and female cross-country skiers in the classical and skating styles and to investigate sex differences in body-height-normalized pole and ski lengths. Our secondary purpose was to correlate body-height-…
The Dynamics of the Anaerobic Energy Contribution During a Simulated Mass-Start Competition While Roller-Ski Skating on a Treadmill
The purposes of this study were: 1) to investigate the anaerobic energy contribution during a simulated cross-country (XC) skiing mass-start competition while roller-ski skating on a treadmill; 2) to investigate the relationship between the recovery of the anaerobic energy reserves and performance; and 3) to compare the gross efficiency (GE) method and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) to determine the anaerobic contribution. Twelve male …
Upper- vs. Lower-Body Exercise Performance in Female and Male Cross-Country Skiers
Purpose: To investigate the interaction between exercise modality (i.e., upper- and lower-body exercise) and sex in physiological responses and power output (PO) across the entire intensity spectrum (i.e., from low to maximal intensity). Methods: Ten male and 10 female cross-country (XC) skiers performed a stepwise incremental test to exhaustion consisting of 5 min stages with increasing workload employing upper-body poling (UP) and running (RUN)…
The Training Characteristics of World-Class Male Long-Distance Cross-Country Skiers
Purpose: To investigate the training characteristics of world-class long-distance cross-country skiers.Methods: Twelve world-class male long-distance cross-country skiing specialists reported training from their best season, through a questionnaire and follow-up interviews. Training data were systemized by training form (endurance, strength, and speed), intensity [low- (LIT), moderate- (MIT), and high-intensity training (HIT)], and exercise mode,…
Performance and jump-to-jump development in the first female ski flying competition in history
In 2023, for the first time in history, the international ski and snowboard federation (FIS) arranged an official ski flying competition where the 15 highest ranked women were allowed to participate. This study investigated jump-to-jump performance development in female ski flying, with men's results used as reference data. Official FIS data from all six jumps of women were evaluated together with the eight jumps by men. Performance was evaluated…
Prevalence and Self-Perceived Experiences With the Use of Hormonal Contraceptives Among Competitive Female Cross-Country Skiers and Biathletes in Norway
PurposeTo investigate the prevalence of hormonal contraceptive (HC) use by female cross-country (XC) skiers and biathletes competing at a national and/or international level, their reasons for HC use, and to compare negative symptoms related to the HC-/menstrual cycle in HC users and non-HC users. Additionally, to characterize the self-perceived influence of HC use on training and performance.MethodsA total of 113 Norwegian competitive XC skiers …
A Comparison of Double Poling Physiology and Kinematics Between Long-Distance and All-Round Cross-Country Skiers
PurposeThe objective of this study was to compare physiological and kinematic responses to double poling (DP) between long-distance (LDS) and all-round (ARS) cross-country skiers.MethodsA number of five world-class LDS (28.8 ± 5.1 years, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max): 70.4 ± 2.9 ml·kg−1·min−1) and seven ARS (22.3 ± 2.8 years, VO2max: 69.1 ± 4.2 ml·kg−1·min−1) athletes having similar training volumes and VO2max performed three identical tests; (1…
Intensity Control During Block-Periodized High-Intensity Training
Purpose: To describe heart rate (HR) and blood lactate (Bla-) responses during high-intensity interval training (HIT) in a long-term block-periodized HIT regimen in world-class cross-country (XC) skiers. Methods: Data were collected in 14 world-class female XC skiers (aged 25 ± 5 years; body mass, 60.4 ± 6.5 kg; and maximal HR, 194 ± 8 beats · min-1) throughout three entire seasons. The HR and Bla- values were determined at the end of 572 interva…
Analysis of a Biathlon Sprint Competition and Associated Laboratory Determinants of Performance
Biathlon is an Olympic winter-sport where cross-country (XC) skiing in the skating technique is combined with rifle shooting. In the biathlon sprint competition for men, three laps of 3.3-km are interspersed with a 5-shot shooting sequence in the prone and standing position. Our purpose was to investigate the contribution from overall XC skiing performance, the performance in different terrain sections and shooting performance to the overall biat…
Development of a Framework for the Investigation of Speed, Power, and Kinematic Patterns in Para Cross-Country Sit-Skiing
Objective: To develop a framework for the investigation of speed, power, and kinematic patterns across varying terrain in cross-country (XC) sit-skiing, and to test this framework in a XC sit-skier of the LW12 class during high- (HIT) and low-intensity (LIT) endurance training. Methods: One XC sit-skiing athlete of the LW12 class with a single above-the-knee amputation was equipped with a GNSS enabled sports watch with integrated barometry and he…
Analysis of a Biathlon Sprint Competition and Associated Laboratory Determinants of Performance
Biathlon is an Olympic winter-sport where cross-country (XC) skiing in the skating technique is combined with rifle shooting. In the biathlon sprint competition for men, three laps of 3.3-km are interspersed with a 5-shot shooting sequence in the prone and standing position. Our purpose was to investigate the contribution from overall XC skiing performance, the performance in different terrain sections and shooting performance to the overall biat…
Development of Performance, Physiological and Technical Capacities During a Six-Month Cross-Country Skiing Talent Transfer Program in Endurance Athletes
Purpose: To examine the development of performance, physiological and technical capacities as well as the effect of sport background among runners, kayakers and rowers when transferred to cross-country (XC) skiing over a 6-month training period. Methods: Twenty-four endurance athletes (15 runners and 9 rowers/kayakers; 15 men and 9 women) were tested for performance, physiological and technical capacities during treadmill running and roller-ski s…
Comparison of High- vs. Low-Responders Following a 6-Month XC Ski-Specific Training Period
Individual training responses among endurance athletes are determined by a complex interplay between training load, recovery and genetic influence. The present study used a multidisciplinary approach to compare high- and low-responders following a 6-month training period in endurance athletes transferring to cross-country (XC) skiing. Twenty-three endurance-trained athletes (14 runners and 9 rowers/kayakers; 14 men and 9 women) were classified as…
Intensity Control During Block-Periodized High-Intensity Training
Purpose: To describe heart rate (HR) and blood lactate (Bla-) responses during high-intensity interval training (HIT) in a long-term block-periodized HIT regimen in world-class cross-country (XC) skiers. Methods: Data were collected in 14 world-class female XC skiers (aged 25 ± 5 years; body mass, 60.4 ± 6.5 kg; and maximal HR, 194 ± 8 beats · min-1) throughout three entire seasons. The HR and Bla- values were determined at the end of 572 interva…
Effect of Carbohydrate Content in a Pre-event Meal on Endurance Performance-Determining Factors
The current study aimed to investigate the effect of the relative CHO content in a pre-event meal on time to exhaustion (TTE), peak oxygen uptake ( V ∙ O 2 peak ), the 2nd lactate threshold (LT2), onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA), and work economy (WE) and to compare responses between well-trained and recreationally trained individuals. Eleven well-trained and 10 recreationally trained men performed three trials in a randomized cross-ov…
Choice of Pole and Ski Lengths Among Elite Cross-Country Skiers
Cross-country (XC) skiers employ whole-body exercise to generate speed through poles and skis. The choice of optimal pole and ski lengths are therefore of high importance. The aim of this study was to document pole and ski lengths among elite male and female cross-country skiers in the classical and skating styles and to investigate sex differences in body-height-normalized pole and ski lengths. Our secondary purpose was to correlate body-height-…
The Dynamics of the Anaerobic Energy Contribution During a Simulated Mass-Start Competition While Roller-Ski Skating on a Treadmill
The purposes of this study were: 1) to investigate the anaerobic energy contribution during a simulated cross-country (XC) skiing mass-start competition while roller-ski skating on a treadmill; 2) to investigate the relationship between the recovery of the anaerobic energy reserves and performance; and 3) to compare the gross efficiency (GE) method and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) to determine the anaerobic contribution. Twelve male …
Upper- vs. Lower-Body Exercise Performance in Female and Male Cross-Country Skiers
Purpose: To investigate the interaction between exercise modality (i.e., upper- and lower-body exercise) and sex in physiological responses and power output (PO) across the entire intensity spectrum (i.e., from low to maximal intensity). Methods: Ten male and 10 female cross-country (XC) skiers performed a stepwise incremental test to exhaustion consisting of 5 min stages with increasing workload employing upper-body poling (UP) and running (RUN)…
The Training Characteristics of World-Class Male Long-Distance Cross-Country Skiers
Purpose: To investigate the training characteristics of world-class long-distance cross-country skiers.Methods: Twelve world-class male long-distance cross-country skiing specialists reported training from their best season, through a questionnaire and follow-up interviews. Training data were systemized by training form (endurance, strength, and speed), intensity [low- (LIT), moderate- (MIT), and high-intensity training (HIT)], and exercise mode,…
Offered Support and Knowledge about the Menstrual Cycle in the Athletic Community
Many female athletes perceive that symptoms related to the menstrual cycle such as dysmenorrhea, premenstrual symptoms, amenorrhea or side-effects of hormonal contraceptives negatively impact their training, performance, and general well-being. Knowledge and communication about female athletes' health is therefore important in the sport community. The aims of this study were to explore the level of knowledge and communication about menstrual cycl…
Analysis of a Skating Time-Trial Competition and Associated Performance-Determinants in Cross-Country Skiers
Purpose : To examine the contributions of time in different terrains and sub-technique distribution to overall time-trial performance, as well as the relationships of laboratory and field-based performance determinants in cross-country skiers. Methods : Fourteen male XC skiers were monitored during a 10 km (3 × 3.3 km) skating time-trial competition. On separate days, the skiers performed body composition assessments, laboratory tests while rolle…
Comparison of Race Time-Differences Between and Within Para and Able-Bodied Cross-Country Skiers
Purpose To compare differences in race time (i.e., the average percent difference in race time for each skier compared to the winner, RT diffs ) between female and male Para and able-bodied (AB) skiers, and to examine whether RT diffs change across seasons. Methods Race data from World Cups (WCs), World Championships (WCHs), and Paralympic/Olympic Winter Games (PWG/OWGs) of the 2011–2020 seasons was extracted from the website of the International…
Prevalence and Self-Perceived Experiences With the Use of Hormonal Contraceptives Among Competitive Female Cross-Country Skiers and Biathletes in Norway
PurposeTo investigate the prevalence of hormonal contraceptive (HC) use by female cross-country (XC) skiers and biathletes competing at a national and/or international level, their reasons for HC use, and to compare negative symptoms related to the HC-/menstrual cycle in HC users and non-HC users. Additionally, to characterize the self-perceived influence of HC use on training and performance.MethodsA total of 113 Norwegian competitive XC skiers …
A Comparison of Double Poling Physiology and Kinematics Between Long-Distance and All-Round Cross-Country Skiers
PurposeThe objective of this study was to compare physiological and kinematic responses to double poling (DP) between long-distance (LDS) and all-round (ARS) cross-country skiers.MethodsA number of five world-class LDS (28.8 ± 5.1 years, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max): 70.4 ± 2.9 ml·kg−1·min−1) and seven ARS (22.3 ± 2.8 years, VO2max: 69.1 ± 4.2 ml·kg−1·min−1) athletes having similar training volumes and VO2max performed three identical tests; (1…
New insights from Norwegian and Swedish sports coaches' employment, practices, and beliefs during the first Covid-19 restriction period
Overall, this study showed the imposed movement restrictions had several negative consequences for the employment and work practices of sports coaches in Norway and Sweden. However, it also highlighted that coaches were able to adapt their work practices to the constraints and were able to maintain relationships with their athletes. The consequences raised in this paper can act as a guide during possible future lockdowns
Race development and performance-determining factors in a mass-start cross-country skiing competition
Our results suggest that (a) an adequate starting position, (b) the ability to avoid incidents and disadvantages from the accordion effect, (c) tolerate fluctuations in intensity, and (d) maintain speed throughout the competition, particularly in uphill terrain, as well as (e) having well-developed final sprint abilities, are key factors determining performance during skating-style mass-start cross-country skiing competitions
The relationship between sleep duration and physical activity level among Norwegian adolescents
Background Failure to adhere to sleep and physical activity recommendations among adolescents constitutes a public health problem. However, the associations between sleep duration and adolescents’ physical activity levels remain less explored. The aims of this paper were twofold: (1) to describe sleep and physical activity levels among Norwegian school-based adolescents, stratified by school level and sex and (2) to explore the association betwee…
Adherence to physical activity recommendations and associations with self-efficacy among Norwegian adolescents
Background: The crucial role of physical activity (PA) in promoting well-being and overall health of adolescents is widely acknowledged. Previous global studies have consistently revealed low adherence to PA recommendations among adolescents, emphasizing potential links between PA engagement and self-efficacy in school-based populations. However, there is a need for further exploration of this relationship, in particularly gender differences and …
The relationship between perceived school stress and satisfaction with life among Norwegian school-based adolescents and the moderating role of perceived teacher care
Higher perceived school stress was strongly inversely associated with life satisfaction in Norwegian adolescents, in both girls and boys, and in both lower and secondary school. Teacher care was identified as a moderator and seems to play a crucial part in the everyday life of Norwegian adolescents. These implications extend to teacher education, practice, and policy, which should be aware of the pivotal role of perceived teacher care on Norwegia…
Finding the optimal balance
This study offers valuable insights into father-athlete challenges that can be used to support career longevity and work-life balance among male athletes
Associations between levels of physical activity and satisfaction with life among Norwegian adolescents
Background A robust association between physical activity (PA) and satisfaction with life (SWL) has been established, wherein self-efficacy has been identified as a mediator across different populations. However, there is a need to further examine the relationship between PA and SWL and whether self-efficacy act a as mediator within different levels of PA among Norwegian adolescents. Thus, the objective of this study was to explore the relationsh…
Performance and jump-to-jump development in the first female ski flying competition in history
In 2023, for the first time in history, the international ski and snowboard federation (FIS) arranged an official ski flying competition where the 15 highest ranked women were allowed to participate. This study investigated jump-to-jump performance development in female ski flying, with men's results used as reference data. Official FIS data from all six jumps of women were evaluated together with the eight jumps by men. Performance was evaluated…
Exploring key factors associated with training quality among elite para-athletes. A qualitative study
Based on the experiences of 21 elite para-athletes, this study highlights the importance of planning and preparation, deliberate execution of training, and a competent coaching and support team to influence training quality both in the training process and specific training sessions. The extent to which the underlying factors may impact training quality, depends on impairment and sport. Athletes may improve training quality by making deliberate d…
Socioeconomic status, sport participation, and school-related outcomes among Norwegian adolescents
Background Extensive research highlights the critical role of sport and physical activity (PA) engagement during adolescence, as it is strongly associated with enhanced subjective well-being, reduced risk of mental health problems, and prevention of chronic diseases in adulthood. Thus, it is highly important to identify key barriers of sport participation in adolescence. The present study aimed to; (1) describe socioeconomic status (SES) across d…
Medicine (21 works) · Sports Performance and Training (17 works) · Physical therapy (16 works) · Psychology (12 works) · Mathematics (10 works) · Norwegian (10 works) · Sports injuries and prevention (9 works) · Athletes (8 works) · Internal Medicine (8 works) · Winter Sports Injuries and Performance (8 works)