Giovanni S Leonardi
Biographic Data
| ID | 2258151 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Giovanni S Leonardi |
| GIVEN NAMES | Giovanni S |
| FAMILY NAME | Leonardi |
| SIGNATURE | LEONARDI G S |
| AFFILIATIONS | International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7477-1762 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 31 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 83 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 31 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1978 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
A new environmental public health practice to manage current and future global health challenges through education, training, and capacity building
Unsustainable globalisation of economic activities, lifestyles and social structures has contributed to environmental degradation, posing major threats to human health at the local and global levels. All these problems including climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss represent challenges that are unlikely to be met with existing approaches, capabilities and tools. This article acknowledges the need for well-prepared practitioners from m…
Building competency to deal with environmental health challenges
The global landscape of professional training in environmental health, encompassing ecological public health or environmental public health, lacks consistent global implementation for training programs for public health practitioners, clinical professionals, and individuals across various disciplines, as well as standardized curricula for undergraduates. This training gap is related to the overall lack of capacity in addressing the population imp…
Sports Utility Vehicles
The emission benefits of shifting towards battery electric vehicles have so far been hampered by a trend towards sports utility vehicles (SUVs). This study assesses the current and future emissions from SUVs and their potential impact on public health and climate targets. We modelled five scenarios of varying SUV sales and electrification rates, and projected associated carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and nitrogen oxide (NO x ) emissions. Multiple linear …
Identifying Sources of Lead Exposure for Children in the Republic of Georgia, with Lead Isotope Ratios
In the Republic of Georgia, a 2018 national survey estimated that more than 40% of children aged 2-7 years had a blood lead concentration (BLC) of more than 5 μg/dL. The objective of this study was to document the feasibility of employing lead isotope ratios (LIRs) to identify and rank the Pb (lead) exposure sources most relevant to children across Georgia. A cross-sectional survey between November 2019 and February 2020 of 36 children previously…
The Use of Pb Isotope Ratios to Determine Environmental Sources of High Blood Pb Concentrations in Children
The incidence of lead (Pb) poisoning in children in Georgia has been identified as a major health concern, with a recent national survey identifying that 41% of children aged 2-7 years had blood lead concentrations (BLCs) greater than the blood lead reference value (BLRV) of ≥5 μg dL -1 . This study collected samples of blood, spices, paint, soil, dust, flour, tea, toys, milk, and water from 36 households in Georgia where a child had previously b…
Fatal Unintentional Non-Fire Related Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Unintentional non-fire related (UNFR) carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning continues to cause fatalities. The narrative verdicts from coroners concerning fatal UNFR CO poisoning in England and Wales, 1998-2019, were collated by the Office for National Statistics. Search terms related to CO exposure were used to obtain information regarding the circumstances of death. Findings were grouped by the location of death, the source of CO, and the reason or be…
As safe as houses; the risk of childhood lead exposure from housing in England and implications for public health’
This study suggests an association between housing characteristics and BLC in children. Housing age and type may act as a proxy for lead exposure risk through exposure to leaded paint, lead water pipes, and lead contaminated dust from indoor and outdoor sources. Public health action should consider targeting families more at risk in older housing by raising awareness of the potential presence of lead pipes and paint. Interventions should include …
On the importance of primary and community healthcare in relation to global health and environmental threats
In the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, it has become clear that primary healthcare systems play a critical role in clinical care, such as patient screening, triage, physical and psychological support and also in promoting good community advice and awareness in coordination with secondary healthcare and preventive care. Because of the role of social and environmental factors in COVID-19 transmission and burden of disease, it is essential to ensur…
Can Exhaled Carbon Monoxide Be Used as a Marker of Exposure? A Cross-Sectional Study in Young Adults
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a major public health issue worldwide. People are exposed to CO in their daily lives, with one of the common sources of CO being cigarette smoking. Inhalation of CO leads to elevated carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) levels in the blood and also in exhaled CO concentration. Several factors have been shown to affect COHb concentration and COHb half-life. However, factors affecting exhaled CO concentration and exhaled CO h…
Reduction in Blood Lead Concentration in Children across the Republic of Georgia following Interventions to Address Widespread Exceedance of Reference Value in 2019
In recent years, reports of lead contamination have dramatically increased in Georgia. Given concerns about the exposure of children to lead (Pb), the National Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS-2018) included a blood sampling component. The results showed that 41% of the children that participated had blood Pb levels (BLL) ≥ 5 μg/dL and that BLL in children living in Western Georgia were higher than those in Eastern regions. In response to …
The English National Cohort Study of Flooding & Health
Flooding can have severe long-lasting consequences on mental health in affected populations. If these problems are not identified and treated early, they may persist for years. Further research is necessary to develop and evaluate interventions to increase resilience in at risk populations and to ensure timely access to support services following flooding
From clays to pots
The English National Cohort Study of Flooding and Health
This study shows a continuance of probable psychological morbidity at least two years following exposure to flooding. Commissioners and providers of health and social care services should be aware that the increased need in populations may be prolonged. Efforts to resolve persistent damage to homes may reduce the risk of probable psychological morbidity
Hazard Ranking Method for Populations Exposed to Arsenic in Private Water Supplies
Approximately one million people in the UK are served by private water supplies (PWS) where main municipal water supply system connection is not practical or where PWS is the preferred option. Chronic exposure to contaminants in PWS may have adverse effects on health. South West England is an area with elevated arsenic concentrations in groundwater and over 9000 domestic dwellings here are supplied by PWS. There remains uncertainty as to the exte…
The English national cohort study of flooding and health
This study provides an insight into the impact of flooding on mental health, suggesting that the impacts of flooding are large, prolonged and extend beyond just those whose homes are flooded
Evolution of the ceramic production at the Alpine site of Castel de Pedena
Bronze Age crop processing evidence in the phytolith assemblages from the ditch and fen around Fondo Paviani, northern Italy
Health, wealth and ways of life
Impacts of climate change on indirect human exposure to pathogens and chemicals from agriculture
Climate change is likely to affect the nature of pathogens/ chemicals in the environment and their fate and transport. We assess the implications of climate change for changes in human exposures to pathogens/chemicals in agricultural systems in the UK and discuss the effects on health impacts, using expert input and literature on climate change; health effects from exposure to pathogens/chemicals arising from agriculture; inputs of chemicals/path…
Soil Phosphorus Analysis as an Integrative Tool for Recognizing Buried Ancient Ploughsoils
Urban Dynamics
Conceptual Foundations of Spatial Choice Models
As the location choice of an individual determines his or her feasible consumption set, it can be modelled as a two-stage procedure. First, the individual finds an optimal consumption bundle for each one of the feasible consumption sets that correspond to the locations considered. Second, he or she compares the resulting location-specific optimal utility levels and chooses a location for which the optimal utility level is a maximum. It is imagine…
Asymptotic Approximations of the Assignment Model with Stochastic Heterogeneity in the Matching Utilities
A large-scale linear assignment problem is considered under the assumption that the coefficients of the objective function are imperfectly known but have a probability distribution. Asymptotic approximations are derived by using the statistical theory of extremes. It is shown how the resulting approximate problem has an easily computable form, provides a closed-form solution which has the structure of a logit model, and is embedded by a mathemati…
Equity, Efficiency, and Accessibility in Urban and Regional Health-Care Systems
This paper explores four different criteria of health-care resource allocation at the urban and regional level. The criteria are linked by a common spatial-interaction model. This model is based on the hypothesis that the number of hospital patients generated in a residential zone i is proportional to the relative morbidity of i, and to the availability of resources in treatment zone j, but is in inverse proportion to the accessibility costs of g…
A general accessibility and congestion-sensitive multiactivity spatial interaction model
Soil Phosphorus Analysis as an Integrative Tool for Recognizing Buried Ancient Ploughsoils
Equity, Efficiency, and Accessibility in Urban and Regional Health-Care Systems
This paper explores four different criteria of health-care resource allocation at the urban and regional level. The criteria are linked by a common spatial-interaction model. This model is based on the hypothesis that the number of hospital patients generated in a residential zone i is proportional to the relative morbidity of i, and to the availability of resources in treatment zone j, but is in inverse proportion to the accessibility costs of g…
Optimum Facility Location by Accessibility Maximizing
A mathematical-programming approach to facility location is developed. The objective function assumed for optimization is an accessibility measure. It is shown that, by suitably defining this measure, one can get solutions closely related to, if not identical with, the ones given in many current formulations of the location problem. This is believed to be an interesting result in itself, as it shows how the programming approach can unify differen…
A Unifying Framework for Public Facility Location Problems-Part 1
This paper, a condensed report of the present state of the work in the Public Facility Location Task (formerly the Normative Location Modeling Task) at IIASA, has three main aims: first, to build a general framework for location problems; second, to use this framework to unify existing location models; and, third, to use the framework to develop new, more general, and more meaningful location models. Suggestions are also given on how to introduce…
A Unifying Framework for Public Facility Location Problems-Part 2
This second part of the paper describes mathematical models for static, single-service, facility location problems and their possible extensions and improvements. The first part that appeared in the last issue (pages 1001-1028) gave a nontechnical description of the proposed general framework for analyzing location problems
Evolution of the ceramic production at the Alpine site of Castel de Pedena
Bronze Age crop processing evidence in the phytolith assemblages from the ditch and fen around Fondo Paviani, northern Italy
From clays to pots
Health, wealth and ways of life
Urban Dynamics
A General Accessibility and Congestion‐sensitive Multiactivity Spatial Interaction Model
Asymptotic Approximations of the Assignment Model with Stochastic Heterogeneity in the Matching Utilities
A large-scale linear assignment problem is considered under the assumption that the coefficients of the objective function are imperfectly known but have a probability distribution. Asymptotic approximations are derived by using the statistical theory of extremes. It is shown how the resulting approximate problem has an easily computable form, provides a closed-form solution which has the structure of a logit model, and is embedded by a mathemati…
The Optimal Management of Natural Recreational Resources
A mathematical model of the dynamic behaviour of natural recreational resources in the presence of 'disturbance' elements is presented, with a park taken as the natural resource and its users as the element of 'disturbance'. A thorough analysis of the park/users system makes it possible to establish its response to external stimuli as well as the conditions under which it admits equilibrium states. Several models for the optimal management of the…
Optimum Facility Location by Accessibility Maximizing
A mathematical-programming approach to facility location is developed. The objective function assumed for optimization is an accessibility measure. It is shown that, by suitably defining this measure, one can get solutions closely related to, if not identical with, the ones given in many current formulations of the location problem. This is believed to be an interesting result in itself, as it shows how the programming approach can unify differen…
Heuristic algorithms for the normative location of retail activities systems
The Optimal Management of Natural Recreational Resources
A mathematical model of the dynamic behaviour of natural recreational resources in the presence of 'disturbance' elements is presented, with a park taken as the natural resource and its users as the element of 'disturbance'. A thorough analysis of the park/users system makes it possible to establish its response to external stimuli as well as the conditions under which it admits equilibrium states. Several models for the optimal management of the…
A general accessibility and congestion-sensitive multiactivity spatial interaction model
A General Accessibility and Congestion‐sensitive Multiactivity Spatial Interaction Model
A Unifying Framework for Public Facility Location Problems-Part 2
This second part of the paper describes mathematical models for static, single-service, facility location problems and their possible extensions and improvements. The first part that appeared in the last issue (pages 1001-1028) gave a nontechnical description of the proposed general framework for analyzing location problems
A Unifying Framework for Public Facility Location Problems-Part 1
This paper, a condensed report of the present state of the work in the Public Facility Location Task (formerly the Normative Location Modeling Task) at IIASA, has three main aims: first, to build a general framework for location problems; second, to use this framework to unify existing location models; and, third, to use the framework to develop new, more general, and more meaningful location models. Suggestions are also given on how to introduce…
Equity, Efficiency, and Accessibility in Urban and Regional Health-Care Systems
This paper explores four different criteria of health-care resource allocation at the urban and regional level. The criteria are linked by a common spatial-interaction model. This model is based on the hypothesis that the number of hospital patients generated in a residential zone i is proportional to the relative morbidity of i, and to the availability of resources in treatment zone j, but is in inverse proportion to the accessibility costs of g…
Asymptotic Approximations of the Assignment Model with Stochastic Heterogeneity in the Matching Utilities
A large-scale linear assignment problem is considered under the assumption that the coefficients of the objective function are imperfectly known but have a probability distribution. Asymptotic approximations are derived by using the statistical theory of extremes. It is shown how the resulting approximate problem has an easily computable form, provides a closed-form solution which has the structure of a logit model, and is embedded by a mathemati…
Urban Dynamics
Conceptual Foundations of Spatial Choice Models
As the location choice of an individual determines his or her feasible consumption set, it can be modelled as a two-stage procedure. First, the individual finds an optimal consumption bundle for each one of the feasible consumption sets that correspond to the locations considered. Second, he or she compares the resulting location-specific optimal utility levels and chooses a location for which the optimal utility level is a maximum. It is imagine…
Soil Phosphorus Analysis as an Integrative Tool for Recognizing Buried Ancient Ploughsoils
Impacts of climate change on indirect human exposure to pathogens and chemicals from agriculture
Climate change is likely to affect the nature of pathogens/ chemicals in the environment and their fate and transport. We assess the implications of climate change for changes in human exposures to pathogens/chemicals in agricultural systems in the UK and discuss the effects on health impacts, using expert input and literature on climate change; health effects from exposure to pathogens/chemicals arising from agriculture; inputs of chemicals/path…
Health, wealth and ways of life
Bronze Age crop processing evidence in the phytolith assemblages from the ditch and fen around Fondo Paviani, northern Italy
Hazard Ranking Method for Populations Exposed to Arsenic in Private Water Supplies
Approximately one million people in the UK are served by private water supplies (PWS) where main municipal water supply system connection is not practical or where PWS is the preferred option. Chronic exposure to contaminants in PWS may have adverse effects on health. South West England is an area with elevated arsenic concentrations in groundwater and over 9000 domestic dwellings here are supplied by PWS. There remains uncertainty as to the exte…
The English national cohort study of flooding and health
This study provides an insight into the impact of flooding on mental health, suggesting that the impacts of flooding are large, prolonged and extend beyond just those whose homes are flooded
Evolution of the ceramic production at the Alpine site of Castel de Pedena
The English National Cohort Study of Flooding and Health
This study shows a continuance of probable psychological morbidity at least two years following exposure to flooding. Commissioners and providers of health and social care services should be aware that the increased need in populations may be prolonged. Efforts to resolve persistent damage to homes may reduce the risk of probable psychological morbidity
From clays to pots
The English National Cohort Study of Flooding & Health
Flooding can have severe long-lasting consequences on mental health in affected populations. If these problems are not identified and treated early, they may persist for years. Further research is necessary to develop and evaluate interventions to increase resilience in at risk populations and to ensure timely access to support services following flooding
On the importance of primary and community healthcare in relation to global health and environmental threats
In the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, it has become clear that primary healthcare systems play a critical role in clinical care, such as patient screening, triage, physical and psychological support and also in promoting good community advice and awareness in coordination with secondary healthcare and preventive care. Because of the role of social and environmental factors in COVID-19 transmission and burden of disease, it is essential to ensur…
Can Exhaled Carbon Monoxide Be Used as a Marker of Exposure? A Cross-Sectional Study in Young Adults
Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a major public health issue worldwide. People are exposed to CO in their daily lives, with one of the common sources of CO being cigarette smoking. Inhalation of CO leads to elevated carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) levels in the blood and also in exhaled CO concentration. Several factors have been shown to affect COHb concentration and COHb half-life. However, factors affecting exhaled CO concentration and exhaled CO h…
Reduction in Blood Lead Concentration in Children across the Republic of Georgia following Interventions to Address Widespread Exceedance of Reference Value in 2019
In recent years, reports of lead contamination have dramatically increased in Georgia. Given concerns about the exposure of children to lead (Pb), the National Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS-2018) included a blood sampling component. The results showed that 41% of the children that participated had blood Pb levels (BLL) ≥ 5 μg/dL and that BLL in children living in Western Georgia were higher than those in Eastern regions. In response to …
The Use of Pb Isotope Ratios to Determine Environmental Sources of High Blood Pb Concentrations in Children
The incidence of lead (Pb) poisoning in children in Georgia has been identified as a major health concern, with a recent national survey identifying that 41% of children aged 2-7 years had blood lead concentrations (BLCs) greater than the blood lead reference value (BLRV) of ≥5 μg dL -1 . This study collected samples of blood, spices, paint, soil, dust, flour, tea, toys, milk, and water from 36 households in Georgia where a child had previously b…
Medicine (14 works) · Environmental health (11 works) · Geography (11 works) · Computer Science (10 works) · Engineering (9 works) · Public health (9 works) · Business (8 works) · Climate Change and Health Impacts (7 works) · Environmental Science (7 works) · Demography (6 works)