Charlotte E Warren
Biographic Data
| ID | 232175 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Charlotte E Warren |
| GIVEN NAMES | Charlotte E |
| FAMILY NAME | Warren |
| SIGNATURE | WARREN C E |
| AFFILIATIONS | Population Council, Washington, DC, USA |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 23 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 28 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 23 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2012 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Well-being of health workers providing maternal and newborn care
Health workers providing maternal and newborn care can experience burnout and emotional distress, which harms their well-being and, consequently, their ability to deliver respectful care. The World Health Organization (WHO) Compendium on respectful maternal and newborn care identifies health workers’ well-being as a critical area for intervention, but no specific definition or domains of well-being exist for this group. We conducted a qualitative…
Confirming—and testing—bonds of trust
Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and national responses, trust (one’s belief that a system acts in one’s best interest) is important to consider. In community health systems, trust is embedded in relationships between clients, CHWs, and health system stakeholders. This mixed-methods study explores trust through the evolving COVID-19 crisis in Bangladesh, Haiti, and Kenya, where multi-country community health research was underway. We investigate the …
Research within international non-governmental organisation programmes in low and middle-income countries
box Over the past decades, enormous efforts have gone into improving access to quality health services in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) through the activities of international non-governmental organisations (INGOs).1 However, for most of these INGO-implemented interventions, responding to health research needs of these populations is not a priority, with a few exceptions.2 In instances where research is of interest, the capacities to ge…
Community-based postnatal care services for women and newborns in Kenya
BACKGROUND: In resource-constrained settings, Community Health Workers (CHWs) are the first point of contact between communities and the health system, as providers of maternal and newborn health services. However, little is known of the quality of community-based postnatal care (PNC). We assessed the content of PNC provided by CHWs and women's experiences of care in two Kenyan counties. METHODS: We used a cross-sectional, mixed methods design to…
Understanding community health worker incentive preferences in Uganda using a discrete choice experiment
BACKGROUND: Community health workers (CHWs) play a critical role in supporting health systems, and in improving the availability and accessibility to health care. However, CHW programs globally continue to face challenges with poor performance and high levels of CHW attrition. CHW programs are often underfunded and poorly planned, which can lead to loss of motivation by CHWs. The study aims to determine preferences of CHWs for job incentives with…
Advancing community health measurement, policy, and practice
U niversal access to high quality care is at the core of the Universal Health Coverage (UHC) movement and is foundational for achieving several of the Sustainable Development Goals. Notions of universality in health require a focus on community health, which has received significant recognition and redoubled effort since the 40 th anniversary of the Alma Ata Declaration on Primary Health Care (PHC) with the Declaration of Astana in 2018 [1-3]. Th…
“ Eternally restarting ” or “ a branch line of continuity ”? Exploring consequences of external shocks on community health systems in Haiti
BACKGROUND: Community health systems (CHS) are integral in promoting well-being in humanitarian settings, like Haiti, a country plagued by disruptive socio-political and environmental shocks over the past two decades. Haiti's community health workers (CHWs) as critical intermediaries have persisted throughout these contextual shocks. This study explores how shocks influence CHS functionality and resilience in Haiti. METHODS: We applied an inducti…
Spatio-temporal patterns of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in relation to drinking water salinity at the district level in Bangladesh from 2016 to 2018
This analysis examines whether salinity in drinking water is associated with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia (PE/E), a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Bangladesh’s national health information system data were extracted at the district level ( n = 64) to assess PE/E rates, and these were overlaid with three environmental measures approximating drinking water salinity, remotely sensed low-elevation coastal zone (LECZ), monthly rainfa…
Women’s recall of maternal and newborn interventions received in the postnatal period
BACKGROUND: Despite the concentration of maternal and infant deaths in the early postnatal period, information on the content and quality of postnatal care interventions is not routinely collected in most low and middle-income countries. At present, data on the coverage of postnatal care interventions mostly rely on women's reports collected in household surveys, such as the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surv…
Poverty is the big thing”
The concentration of women in poverty and the perceived and actual out of pocket costs associated with fistula repair speak to an inability to prioritize accessing fistula treatment over household expenditures. Findings recommend innovative approaches to financial assistance, transport, information of the available repair centers, rehabilitation, and reintegration in overcoming cost barriers
Measuring mistreatment of women throughout the birthing process
Measuring mistreatment and quality of care during childbirth is important in promoting respectful maternity care. We describe these dimensions throughout the birthing process from admission, delivery and immediate postpartum care. We observed 677 client-provider interactions and conducted 13 facility assessments in Kenya. We used descriptive statistics and logistic regression model to illustrate how mistreatment and clinical process of care vary …
Exploring Meaning and Types of Trust in Maternity Care in Peri-Urban Kenya
Trust offers a distinctive lens on facility responsiveness during labor and birth. Though acknowledged in prior literature, limited work exists linking conceptual and empirical spheres. This study explores trust in the maternity setting in Kenya through a theoretically driven qualitative approach. Focus groups ( n = 8, N = 70) with women who recently gave birth (WRB), pregnant women, and male partners, and in-depth-interviews ( n = 33) with WRB, …
Fertility intentions and contraceptive practices among clinic-users living with HIV in Kenya
Integra is a non-randomised pre-post intervention trial registered with Current Controlled Trials ID: NCT01694862
Health systems and the SDGs
Does service integration improve technical quality of care in low-resource settings? An evaluation of a model integrating HIV care into family planning services in Kenya
The aim of this study was to investigate association between HIV and family planning integration and technical quality of care. The study focused on technical quality of client-provider consultation sessions. The cross-sectional study observed 366 client-provider consultation sessions and interviewed 37 health care providers in 12 public health facilities in Kenya. Multilevel random intercept and linear regression models were fitted to the matche…
Building integrated health systems
Numbers, systems, people
Drawing on rich data from the Integra evaluation of integrated HIV and reproductive-health services, we explored the interaction of systems hardware and software factors to explain why some facilities were able to implement and sustain integrated service delivery while others were not. This article draws on detailed mixed-methods data for four case-study facilities offering reproductive-health and HIV services between 2009 and 2013 in Kenya: (i) …
Impact of Integrated Services on HIV Testing
The impact of integrated reproductive health and HIV services on HIV testing and counseling (HTC) uptake was assessed among 882 Kenyan family planning clients using a nonrandomized cohort design within six intervention and six “comparison” facilities. The effect of integration on HTC goals (two tests over two years) was assessed using conditional logistic regression to test four “integration” exposures: a training and reorganization intervention;…
The Current Status of Research on the Integration of Sexual and Reproductive Health and HIV Services
Integration of services for sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and HIV has been widely promoted globally in the belief that both clients and health providers benefit through improvements in quality, efficient use of resources, and lower costs, helping to maximize limited health resources and provide comprehensive client‐centered care. This article builds on the growing body of research on integrated sexual SRH and HIV services. It brings togeth…
Can surveys of women accurately track indicators of maternal and newborn care? A validity and reliability study in Kenya
BACKGROUND: Tracking progress on maternal and newborn survival requires accurate information on the coverage of essential interventions. Despite widespread use, most indicators measuring maternal and newborn intervention coverage have not been validated. This study assessed the ability of women delivering in two Kenyan hospitals to recall critical elements of care received during the intrapartum and immediate postnatal period at two time points: …
Defining disrespect and abuse of women in childbirth
PerspectivesIn the field of maternal and newborn health, there have been calls to prioritize the intra-partum period and promote facility delivery to meet maternal and newborn mortality reduction goals. This aim is based on a decade of epide-miological work identifying causes of death, systematically reviewing effective interventions, and modelling the impact of intervention coverage on mortality.
Study protocol for the Integra Initiative to assess the benefits and costs of integrating sexual and reproductive health and HIV services in Kenya and Swaziland
Current Controlled Trials NCT01694862
Exploring the effectiveness of the output-based aid voucher program to increase uptake of gender-based violence recovery services in Kenya
The above findings suggest that there is a need to build the capacity of health care providers and police officers, strengthen the community strategy component of the OBA program to promote the GBVR services voucher, and conduct widespread community education programs aimed at prevention, ensuring survivors know how and where to access services and addressing stigma and cultural barriers
Exploring Meaning and Types of Trust in Maternity Care in Peri-Urban Kenya
Trust offers a distinctive lens on facility responsiveness during labor and birth. Though acknowledged in prior literature, limited work exists linking conceptual and empirical spheres. This study explores trust in the maternity setting in Kenya through a theoretically driven qualitative approach. Focus groups ( n = 8, N = 70) with women who recently gave birth (WRB), pregnant women, and male partners, and in-depth-interviews ( n = 33) with WRB, …
Numbers, systems, people
Drawing on rich data from the Integra evaluation of integrated HIV and reproductive-health services, we explored the interaction of systems hardware and software factors to explain why some facilities were able to implement and sustain integrated service delivery while others were not. This article draws on detailed mixed-methods data for four case-study facilities offering reproductive-health and HIV services between 2009 and 2013 in Kenya: (i) …
Spatio-temporal patterns of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in relation to drinking water salinity at the district level in Bangladesh from 2016 to 2018
This analysis examines whether salinity in drinking water is associated with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia (PE/E), a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Bangladesh’s national health information system data were extracted at the district level ( n = 64) to assess PE/E rates, and these were overlaid with three environmental measures approximating drinking water salinity, remotely sensed low-elevation coastal zone (LECZ), monthly rainfa…
Impact of Integrated Services on HIV Testing
The impact of integrated reproductive health and HIV services on HIV testing and counseling (HTC) uptake was assessed among 882 Kenyan family planning clients using a nonrandomized cohort design within six intervention and six “comparison” facilities. The effect of integration on HTC goals (two tests over two years) was assessed using conditional logistic regression to test four “integration” exposures: a training and reorganization intervention;…
Health systems and the SDGs
Does service integration improve technical quality of care in low-resource settings? An evaluation of a model integrating HIV care into family planning services in Kenya
The aim of this study was to investigate association between HIV and family planning integration and technical quality of care. The study focused on technical quality of client-provider consultation sessions. The cross-sectional study observed 366 client-provider consultation sessions and interviewed 37 health care providers in 12 public health facilities in Kenya. Multilevel random intercept and linear regression models were fitted to the matche…
Measuring mistreatment of women throughout the birthing process
Measuring mistreatment and quality of care during childbirth is important in promoting respectful maternity care. We describe these dimensions throughout the birthing process from admission, delivery and immediate postpartum care. We observed 677 client-provider interactions and conducted 13 facility assessments in Kenya. We used descriptive statistics and logistic regression model to illustrate how mistreatment and clinical process of care vary …
Building integrated health systems
Study protocol for the Integra Initiative to assess the benefits and costs of integrating sexual and reproductive health and HIV services in Kenya and Swaziland
Current Controlled Trials NCT01694862
Exploring the effectiveness of the output-based aid voucher program to increase uptake of gender-based violence recovery services in Kenya
The above findings suggest that there is a need to build the capacity of health care providers and police officers, strengthen the community strategy component of the OBA program to promote the GBVR services voucher, and conduct widespread community education programs aimed at prevention, ensuring survivors know how and where to access services and addressing stigma and cultural barriers
Defining disrespect and abuse of women in childbirth
PerspectivesIn the field of maternal and newborn health, there have been calls to prioritize the intra-partum period and promote facility delivery to meet maternal and newborn mortality reduction goals. This aim is based on a decade of epide-miological work identifying causes of death, systematically reviewing effective interventions, and modelling the impact of intervention coverage on mortality.
Can surveys of women accurately track indicators of maternal and newborn care? A validity and reliability study in Kenya
BACKGROUND: Tracking progress on maternal and newborn survival requires accurate information on the coverage of essential interventions. Despite widespread use, most indicators measuring maternal and newborn intervention coverage have not been validated. This study assessed the ability of women delivering in two Kenyan hospitals to recall critical elements of care received during the intrapartum and immediate postnatal period at two time points: …
Fertility intentions and contraceptive practices among clinic-users living with HIV in Kenya
Integra is a non-randomised pre-post intervention trial registered with Current Controlled Trials ID: NCT01694862
Health systems and the SDGs
Does service integration improve technical quality of care in low-resource settings? An evaluation of a model integrating HIV care into family planning services in Kenya
The aim of this study was to investigate association between HIV and family planning integration and technical quality of care. The study focused on technical quality of client-provider consultation sessions. The cross-sectional study observed 366 client-provider consultation sessions and interviewed 37 health care providers in 12 public health facilities in Kenya. Multilevel random intercept and linear regression models were fitted to the matche…
Building integrated health systems
Numbers, systems, people
Drawing on rich data from the Integra evaluation of integrated HIV and reproductive-health services, we explored the interaction of systems hardware and software factors to explain why some facilities were able to implement and sustain integrated service delivery while others were not. This article draws on detailed mixed-methods data for four case-study facilities offering reproductive-health and HIV services between 2009 and 2013 in Kenya: (i) …
Impact of Integrated Services on HIV Testing
The impact of integrated reproductive health and HIV services on HIV testing and counseling (HTC) uptake was assessed among 882 Kenyan family planning clients using a nonrandomized cohort design within six intervention and six “comparison” facilities. The effect of integration on HTC goals (two tests over two years) was assessed using conditional logistic regression to test four “integration” exposures: a training and reorganization intervention;…
The Current Status of Research on the Integration of Sexual and Reproductive Health and HIV Services
Integration of services for sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and HIV has been widely promoted globally in the belief that both clients and health providers benefit through improvements in quality, efficient use of resources, and lower costs, helping to maximize limited health resources and provide comprehensive client‐centered care. This article builds on the growing body of research on integrated sexual SRH and HIV services. It brings togeth…
Women’s recall of maternal and newborn interventions received in the postnatal period
BACKGROUND: Despite the concentration of maternal and infant deaths in the early postnatal period, information on the content and quality of postnatal care interventions is not routinely collected in most low and middle-income countries. At present, data on the coverage of postnatal care interventions mostly rely on women's reports collected in household surveys, such as the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surv…
Poverty is the big thing”
The concentration of women in poverty and the perceived and actual out of pocket costs associated with fistula repair speak to an inability to prioritize accessing fistula treatment over household expenditures. Findings recommend innovative approaches to financial assistance, transport, information of the available repair centers, rehabilitation, and reintegration in overcoming cost barriers
Measuring mistreatment of women throughout the birthing process
Measuring mistreatment and quality of care during childbirth is important in promoting respectful maternity care. We describe these dimensions throughout the birthing process from admission, delivery and immediate postpartum care. We observed 677 client-provider interactions and conducted 13 facility assessments in Kenya. We used descriptive statistics and logistic regression model to illustrate how mistreatment and clinical process of care vary …
Exploring Meaning and Types of Trust in Maternity Care in Peri-Urban Kenya
Trust offers a distinctive lens on facility responsiveness during labor and birth. Though acknowledged in prior literature, limited work exists linking conceptual and empirical spheres. This study explores trust in the maternity setting in Kenya through a theoretically driven qualitative approach. Focus groups ( n = 8, N = 70) with women who recently gave birth (WRB), pregnant women, and male partners, and in-depth-interviews ( n = 33) with WRB, …
Spatio-temporal patterns of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia in relation to drinking water salinity at the district level in Bangladesh from 2016 to 2018
This analysis examines whether salinity in drinking water is associated with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia (PE/E), a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Bangladesh’s national health information system data were extracted at the district level ( n = 64) to assess PE/E rates, and these were overlaid with three environmental measures approximating drinking water salinity, remotely sensed low-elevation coastal zone (LECZ), monthly rainfa…
Research within international non-governmental organisation programmes in low and middle-income countries
box Over the past decades, enormous efforts have gone into improving access to quality health services in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) through the activities of international non-governmental organisations (INGOs).1 However, for most of these INGO-implemented interventions, responding to health research needs of these populations is not a priority, with a few exceptions.2 In instances where research is of interest, the capacities to ge…
Community-based postnatal care services for women and newborns in Kenya
BACKGROUND: In resource-constrained settings, Community Health Workers (CHWs) are the first point of contact between communities and the health system, as providers of maternal and newborn health services. However, little is known of the quality of community-based postnatal care (PNC). We assessed the content of PNC provided by CHWs and women's experiences of care in two Kenyan counties. METHODS: We used a cross-sectional, mixed methods design to…
Understanding community health worker incentive preferences in Uganda using a discrete choice experiment
BACKGROUND: Community health workers (CHWs) play a critical role in supporting health systems, and in improving the availability and accessibility to health care. However, CHW programs globally continue to face challenges with poor performance and high levels of CHW attrition. CHW programs are often underfunded and poorly planned, which can lead to loss of motivation by CHWs. The study aims to determine preferences of CHWs for job incentives with…
Advancing community health measurement, policy, and practice
U niversal access to high quality care is at the core of the Universal Health Coverage (UHC) movement and is foundational for achieving several of the Sustainable Development Goals. Notions of universality in health require a focus on community health, which has received significant recognition and redoubled effort since the 40 th anniversary of the Alma Ata Declaration on Primary Health Care (PHC) with the Declaration of Astana in 2018 [1-3]. Th…
“ Eternally restarting ” or “ a branch line of continuity ”? Exploring consequences of external shocks on community health systems in Haiti
BACKGROUND: Community health systems (CHS) are integral in promoting well-being in humanitarian settings, like Haiti, a country plagued by disruptive socio-political and environmental shocks over the past two decades. Haiti's community health workers (CHWs) as critical intermediaries have persisted throughout these contextual shocks. This study explores how shocks influence CHS functionality and resilience in Haiti. METHODS: We applied an inducti…
Confirming—and testing—bonds of trust
Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and national responses, trust (one’s belief that a system acts in one’s best interest) is important to consider. In community health systems, trust is embedded in relationships between clients, CHWs, and health system stakeholders. This mixed-methods study explores trust through the evolving COVID-19 crisis in Bangladesh, Haiti, and Kenya, where multi-country community health research was underway. We investigate the …
Well-being of health workers providing maternal and newborn care
Health workers providing maternal and newborn care can experience burnout and emotional distress, which harms their well-being and, consequently, their ability to deliver respectful care. The World Health Organization (WHO) Compendium on respectful maternal and newborn care identifies health workers’ well-being as a critical area for intervention, but no specific definition or domains of well-being exist for this group. We conducted a qualitative…
Medicine (20 works) · Global Maternal and Child Health (18 works) · Nursing (16 works) · Environmental health (13 works) · Population (12 works) · Business (10 works) · Health care (9 works) · Family medicine (7 works) · Political science (7 works) · Public health (7 works)