Ray Blanchard
Biographic Data
| ID | 244582 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Ray Blanchard |
| GIVEN NAMES | Ray |
| FAMILY NAME | Blanchard |
| SIGNATURE | BLANCHARD R |
| AFFILIATIONS | Centre for Addiction and Mental Health |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4499-3521 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 86 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 932 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 86 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1983 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 18 |
A Pocket History of Research on Family Composition and Sexual Orientation
Reconsidering the Scope and Mechanisms of the Birth Order Effect on Sexual Orientation
Birth Order and Family Size of UK Biobank Subjects Identified as Asexual, Bisexual, Heterosexual, or Homosexual According to Self-Reported Sexual Histories
This study used a recently developed statistical technique to investigate the relations between various elements of a subject’s family background and the odds of that subject reporting a sexual history indicative of a minority sexual orientation. The subjects were 78,983 men and 92,150 women who completed relevant questionnaire items in the UK Biobank, a large-scale biomedical database of volunteers aged 40–69 years. The men were divided into thr…
A Current Approach to Logistic Regression Analysis of Birth Order and Sexual Orientation
Numerous statistical procedures have been developed to examine the statistical relations between quantifiable aspects of an individual’s sibship and the likelihood of that individual manifesting a homosexual preference. Our purpose in this methodological paper is explaining how to use and how to interpret the multiple regression approach introduced by Ablaza et al. (2022), modified by Blanchard (2022), and reorganized by Zdaniuk et al. (2025)—her…
Studying Fraternal Birth Order in Homosexual Women and Bisexual Men
New Data on Birth Order in Homosexual Men and Women and a Reply to Vilsmeier et al. (2021a, 2021b)
A Novel Method for Studying the Effect of Older Brothers on Sexual Orientation and Its Robustness to Stopping Rule Distortions
In a recent article, Ablaza, Kabátek, and Perales describe a novel statistical methodology for studying the relation between sibship composition and sexual orientation, and they report the results of applying that methodology to a fresh sample. Research conducted for this commentary investigated whether Ablaza et al.'s method would be robust to the distorting effect of stopping rules, that is, quasi-rules that parents follow in deciding whether t…
Meta-Analyses of Fraternal and Sororal Birth Order Effects in Homosexual Pedophiles, Hebephiles, and Teleiophiles
Estimation of the Fraternal Birth Order Effect in the UK Biobank Data Reported by Abé et al. (2021)
Reassessing the Effect of Older Sisters on Sexual Orientation in Men
Recent Findings on Fraternal Birth Order and Homosexuality in Males
Older Brothers and Older Sisters Odds Ratios in 36 Samples of Homosexual Males
Fraternal Birth Order, Family Size, and Male Homosexuality
Birth Order and Androphilic Male-to-Female Transsexualism in Brazil
Previous research has indicated that biological older brothers increase the odds of androphilia in males. This finding has been termed the fraternal birth order effect . The maternal immune hypothesis suggests that this effect reflects the progressive immunization of some mothers to male-specific antigens involved in fetal male brain masculinization. Exposure to these antigens, as a result of carrying earlier-born sons, is hypothesized to produce…
Gay Male Only-Children
Postscript to “Anthropological Data Regarding the Adaptiveness of Hebephilia”
Detecting and Correcting for Family Size Differences in the Study of Sexual Orientation and Fraternal Birth Order
A Dissenting Opinion on DSM-5 Pedophilic Disorder
Sexual Attraction to Others
The penile response profiles of homosexual and heterosexual pedophiles, hebephiles, and teleiophiles to laboratory stimuli depicting male and female children and adults may be conceptualized as a series of overlapping stimulus generalization gradients. This study used such profile data to compare two models of alloerotic responding (sexual responding to other people) in men. The first model was based on the notion that men respond to a potential …
Anthropological Data Regarding the Adaptiveness of Hebephilia
Further Data Concerning Blanchard’s (2011) “Fertility in the Mothers of Firstborn Homosexual and Heterosexual Men”
White Matter Volumes in Pedophiles, Hebephiles, and Teleiophiles
Fertility in the Mothers of Firstborn Homosexual and Heterosexual Men
A Possible Second Type of Maternal–Fetal Immune Interaction Involved in Both Male and Female Homosexuality
Sibling Sex Ratio and Birth Order in Early-Onset Gender Dysphoric Adolescents
Several sibship-related variables have been studied extensively in sexual orientation research, especially in men. Sibling sex ratio refers to the ratio of brothers to sisters in the aggregate sibships of a group of probands. Birth order refers to the probands' position (e.g., first-born, middle-born, last-born) within their sibships. Fraternal birth order refers to their position among male siblings only. Such research was extended in this study…
Gender and sexual orientation differences in sexual response to sexual activities versus gender of actors in sexual films
In this study, the authors investigated the hypothesis that women's sexual orientation and sexual responses in the laboratory correlate less highly than do men's because women respond primarily to the sexual activities performed by actors, whereas men respond primarily to the gender of the actors. The participants were 20 homosexual women, 27 heterosexual women, 17 homosexual men, and 27 heterosexual men. The videotaped stimuli included men and w…
The classification and labeling of nonhomosexual gender dysphorias
Birth Order and Sibling Sex Ratio in Homosexual versus Heterosexual Males and Females
Typology of male-to-female transsexualism
Pedophilia, Hebephilia, and the DSM-V
Sexual orientation and handedness in men and women
Nonhomosexual gender dysphoria
(1988). Nonhomosexual gender dysphoria. The Journal of Sex Research: Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 188-193
Biodemographic comparisons of homosexual and heterosexual men in the kinsey interview data
Heterosexual and homosexual gender dysphoria
Birth Order, Sibling Sex Ratio, Handedness, and Sexual Orientation of Male and Female Participants in a BBC Internet Research Project
Birth order and sibling sex ratio in homosexual male adolescents and probably prehomosexual feminine boys
The purpose of this study was to extend the findings, previously limited to adults, that male homo sexuals have a greater than average proportion of male siblings and a later than average birth order. There were 2 matched groups of 156 probands. The homosexual-prehomosexual (MP) group in cluded boys referred to a specialty clinic because of persistent cross-gender behavior plus homosex ual adolescents with or without gender identity problems. The…
Fraternal Birth Order, Family Size, and Male Homosexuality
The DSM Diagnostic Criteria for Pedophilia
Early History of the Concept of Autogynephilia
How Many Gay Men Owe Their Sexual Orientation to Fraternal Birth Order
Varieties of autogynephilia and their relationship to gender dysphoria
Phallometric detection of fetishistic arousal in heterosexual male cross‐dressers
We examined whether an erotic response to cross‐dressing fantasies could be detected in heterosexual male cross‐dressers (HCDs) who verbally denied any erotic arousal in association with cross‐dressing for at least the past year. Subjects were 37 HCD patients and 10 paid heterosexual controls. HCDs were divided into groups according to their response to a questionnaire item asking the proportion of occasions that cross‐dressing was erotically aro…
A Comparison of Volume and Circumference Phallometry
Handedness in Pedophilia and Hebephilia
Sexual Attraction to Others
The penile response profiles of homosexual and heterosexual pedophiles, hebephiles, and teleiophiles to laboratory stimuli depicting male and female children and adults may be conceptualized as a series of overlapping stimulus generalization gradients. This study used such profile data to compare two models of alloerotic responding (sexual responding to other people) in men. The first model was based on the notion that men respond to a potential …
Fraternal Birth Order and Sexual Orientation in Pedophiles
Is the Distant Relationship of Fathers and Homosexual Sons Related to the Sons' Erotic Preference for Male Partners, or to the Sons' Atypical Gender Identity, or to Both
Study 1 compared the retrospectively reported father-son relationships of four groups of adult males: (a) Gynephiles (males who erotically prefer physically mature females), (b) androphiles (who prefer physically mature males), (c) a combined group of heterosexual pedophiles and pedohebephiles (the latter being attracted to pubescent as well as prepubescent females), and (d) a combined group of homosexual pedophiles and pedohebephiles (the latter…
Sibling Sex Ratio and Birth Order in Early-Onset Gender Dysphoric Adolescents
Several sibship-related variables have been studied extensively in sexual orientation research, especially in men. Sibling sex ratio refers to the ratio of brothers to sisters in the aggregate sibships of a group of probands. Birth order refers to the probands' position (e.g., first-born, middle-born, last-born) within their sibships. Fraternal birth order refers to their position among male siblings only. Such research was extended in this study…
Self-Reported Head Injuries Before and After Age 13 in Pedophilic and Nonpedophilic Men Referred for Clinical Assessment
Birth order and sibling sex ratio in two samples of Dutch gender-dysphoric homosexual males
Gender reorientation, psychological adjustment, and involvement with female partners in female-to-male transsexuals
Gender reorientation and psychosocial adjustment in male-to-female transsexuals
Measuring physical aggressiveness in heterosexual, homosexual, and transsexual males
Is the Distant Relationship of Fathers and Homosexual Sons Related to the Sons' Erotic Preference for Male Partners, or to the Sons' Atypical Gender Identity, or to Both
Study 1 compared the retrospectively reported father-son relationships of four groups of adult males: (a) Gynephiles (males who erotically prefer physically mature females), (b) androphiles (who prefer physically mature males), (c) a combined group of heterosexual pedophiles and pedohebephiles (the latter being attracted to pubescent as well as prepubescent females), and (d) a combined group of homosexual pedophiles and pedohebephiles (the latter…
Social desirability response set and systematic distortion in the self-report of adult male gender patients
Typology of male-to-female transsexualism
Phallometric detection of fetishistic arousal in heterosexual male cross‐dressers
We examined whether an erotic response to cross‐dressing fantasies could be detected in heterosexual male cross‐dressers (HCDs) who verbally denied any erotic arousal in association with cross‐dressing for at least the past year. Subjects were 37 HCD patients and 10 paid heterosexual controls. HCDs were divided into groups according to their response to a questionnaire item asking the proportion of occasions that cross‐dressing was erotically aro…
Historical Items in the MMPI
The present study investigated the possibility that the sometimes reported absence of significant differences in the MMPI scores of a criminal population with and without treatment could be attributed partly to the unsuitability of the MMPI as a measure of change. Specifically, it was hypothesized that a large proportion of items used to diagnose criminality refer to completed and irrevocable past events and are therefore insensitive to changes b…
Heterosexual and homosexual gender dysphoria
A test of the dsm‐III‐R'S implicit assumption that fetishistic arousal and gender dysphoria are mutually exclusive
This study sought to determine the proportion of adult, male, heterosexual cross‐dressers who acknowledge both gender dysphoria and at least occasional fetishistic response to cross‐dressing. Subjects were 193 outpatients of the gender identity clinic or behavioral sexology department of a psychiatric teaching hospital. Questionnaire items were used to assess subjects' current level of gender dysphoria and their recent history of sexual response …
Nonhomosexual gender dysphoria
(1988). Nonhomosexual gender dysphoria. The Journal of Sex Research: Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 188-193
The Concept of Autogynephilia and the Typology of Male Gender Dysphoria
This study tested the hypothesis that all gender-dysphoric males who are not sexually aroused by men (homosexual) are instead sexually aroused by the thought or image of themselves as women (autogynephilic). Subjects were 212 adult male-to-female transsexuals. These were divided into four groups; one homosexual and three nonhomosexual. The three nonhomosexual groups were heterosexual, bisexual, and analloerotic (unattracted to male or female part…
The classification and labeling of nonhomosexual gender dysphorias
Interim report of the DSM-IV Subcommittee on Gender Identity Disorders
Varieties of autogynephilia and their relationship to gender dysphoria
A structural equation model for age at clinical presentation in nonhomosexual male gender dysphorics
Birth order and sibling sex ratio in homosexual male adolescents and probably prehomosexual feminine boys
The purpose of this study was to extend the findings, previously limited to adults, that male homo sexuals have a greater than average proportion of male siblings and a later than average birth order. There were 2 matched groups of 156 probands. The homosexual-prehomosexual (MP) group in cluded boys referred to a specialty clinic because of persistent cross-gender behavior plus homosex ual adolescents with or without gender identity problems. The…
Comparison of height and weight in homosexual versus nonhomosexual male gender dysphorics
Birth order and sibling sex ratio in two samples of Dutch gender-dysphoric homosexual males
Biodemographic comparisons of homosexual and heterosexual men in the kinsey interview data
Handedness in homosexual and heterosexual men in the Kinsey interview data
The Relation of Closed Birth Intervals to the Sex of the Preceding Child and the Sexual Orientation of the Succeeding Child
The study investigated whether homosexual men are, on average, born a shorter time after their next-older siblings than are heterosexual men. Because of mixed evidence that birth intervals are longer after a male child, the sex of the next-older sibling was included as a control variable. The probands were 220 heterosexual and 183 homosexual men with at least one older sibling examined in Southern Ontario in 1994–95. These completed a self-admini…
Birth Order and Sibling Sex Ratio in Homosexual versus Heterosexual Males and Females
The Relation of Birth Order to Sexual Orientation in Men and Women
Homosexual men have a higher mean birth order than do heterosexual men, primarily because they have a greater number of older brothers. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the same difference occurs in homosexual vs heterosexual women. The probands were 964 homosexual and heterosexual, male and female volunteers, from whom birth order data were collected with self-administered questionnaires. The homosexual men had more older broth…
Birth Order in Homosexual Versus Heterosexual Sex Offenders Against Children, Pubescents, and Adults
Psychology (79 works) · Developmental psychology (54 works) · Medicine (52 works) · Social Psychology (47 works) · Demography (38 works) · LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy (37 works) · Clinical Psychology (36 works) · Homosexuality (33 works) · Sexual behavior (32 works) · Population (30 works)