W A V Clark
Biographic Data
| ID | 253370 |
|---|---|
| NAME | W A V Clark |
| GIVEN NAMES | W A V |
| FAMILY NAME | Clark |
| SIGNATURE | CLARK W A V |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of California, Los Angeles |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-4944-1926 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 193 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 2700 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 193 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1963 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 29 |
Wellbeing in older ages
Housing and neighborhoods are important for wellbeing • Social connection and cohesion matter for health and wellbeing • Local contexts are important for health aging The increase in the older population has generated interest in the question of how to enhance livable environments which will support healthy aging. Important elements of that environment are the house and the neighborhood, and what they bring to livability and wellbeing. There has …
Urban‐Rural Transformations and Fertility Decline in China
China's fertility continues to decline. Identifying the underlying explanations for that decline involves multiple and interwoven threads which we explore with data from the China household finance survey (CHFS). We examine the declining fertility in China through the lens of urban‐rural transformations, and synthesize the roles of women's education, women's labor market participation and child‐raising costs, and suggest that China is a distincti…
Understanding the residential mobility decisions of U.S. families in poverty
Family Connections and Subjective Wellbeing in Transitional China
Place Attachment and Aging in Place
This paper examines the links between place attachment and older persons’ preferences to age in place, and factors that disrupt these preferences. We use data from the 2001–2021 Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey and panel-data modelling to confirm strong associations between several place attachment dimensions and aging-in-place preferences. Strong ties to children, strong social capital, residence in social housing, homeo…
Does urban housing demolition increase wealth inequality in China
Subjective wellbeing in 21st century China
Measuring and Visualizing Patterns of Ethnic Concentration
The paper provides numerical measures and visualizations of urban segregation based on a new index, the Distortion coefficient. Distortion coefficients are derived from trajectories of contact with the city’s population as an individual will encounter an increasing number of persons in a growing distance from their original location. They can be interpreted as measures of how different, or in technical terms, how distorted the view of the city is…
Residential mobility and mental health
We examine the extent to which residential relocation within and between tenure types is associated with changes in mental health. We focus on four types of housing transition - rent-to-own, own-to-rent, own-to-own, and rent-to-rent - using Australian and UK panel data sets from 2001 to 2017. In both countries, transitions into homeownership and moves away from the mortgaged edges toward the unburdened mainstream of outright ownership are positiv…
Intergenerational transfers and home ownership outcomes
Previous research has shown that the home ownership status of parents matters for the likelihood of a child becoming an owner, and other research has studied how financial intergenerational transfers affect the transition to ownership. We extend these existing studies by estimating the effect of financial transfers on the probability of becoming an owner as well as the role of in‐kind transfers. We also analyse how the impacts of different interg…
Speculations on the question
Speculations on the question: What is housing? by Peter King." Journal of Urban Affairs, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), pp. 1–2
Unpacking the housing cost-income gap in transitional China
Neighbourhood selection and neighbourhood matching
In this article, we ask how well Australian households are matched to their neighbourhood social environments. We broadly replicate a previous study of matching and ask to what extent households live in communities that are similar in socio-economic status to their characteristics. And, when households move, do they relocate in such a way as to increase similarity to their neighbours? The processes are at the heart of understanding the urban stru…
Housing and economic inequality in the long run
Finally, after a lengthy hiatus, the empirical facts of economic inequality need no introduction. In a blaze of publicity during a decade or more, the re-polarization of income and wealth across nearly half a century has been widely documented and is substantially uncontested. There is debate on whether incomes have peaked, no doubt that capital is back, and a great deal of speculation on what might happen next. What is surprising is the limited …
Migration and Neighborhood Change in Sweden
The majority of segregation studies focus on ethnic concentration but there is growing research that also documents high and increasing status segregation. While empirical studies have documented the existence of both ethnic concentration and status segregation, there is only limited research on the two complexly related distributions. In this article, we examine the conjoint relationship of ethnic and economic segregation in bespoke neighborhood…
Residential choices in an evolving market economy
In four decades, China has transitioned from a controlled housing economy to one in which choices (and constraints) are more central drivers of residential change, although government roles in inner area clearance and redevelopment also play a powerful role in residential change. In this paper, data from the China Household Finance Study – Beijing Survey are used to show that while age, education, marital status and tenure have become important v…
Tenure transitions at the edges of ownership
This paper provides an empirical overview of housing tenure transitions in Australia, the UK and the USA during a period of unprecedented economic instability in 2001-2017. Focusing on the neglected theme of episodic homeownership, we profile those who straddle the tenure divide by moving into and out of renting from time to time. Using panel data we model this 'churn' in three jurisdictions, showing that even the dislocation of a global financia…
Neighbourhood context and young adult mobility
This paper finds convincing evidence of upward progress out of poor Swedish neighbourhoods for individuals with a Swedish background, individuals with a European background, and those with a non‐European background. We use the 1986 cohort of the Swedish population and follow them from age 15 when they are living at home to age 30. We find that by age 30, they live in a neighbourhood that in terms of the poverty level is relatively distant from th…
A homeownership paradox
China is an ownership society, but with a paradox – many homeowners do not live in the apartments/houses they own, and instead live in rental housing. This is different from the pattern in Western economies where households own multiple properties but still live in an owned unit. The paper is situated within the literature on the financialization of housing and the changing meaning of homeownership. We examine the paradox by studying its patterns…
Multiple home ownership in Chinese cities
Transitions to partnership and parenthood
In the context of rapid economic and social change in China, we analyze young adult life course trajectories in the important decisions around forming partnerships and creating a family. We focus on the decisions by the millennial young adult cohort who ar
Introduction to the special collection on life course decisions of families in China
The economic reforms of the last thirty years have produced a dramatic improvement in the standard of living in China. However, the concurrent social transformation has also created both stresses and challenges for Chinese families. While researchers have
Can millennials access homeownership in urban China
Extending the human capital model of migration
Migration is both an economic and an emotional decision; it breaks ties and requires a fundamental commitment to changed workplaces, new social networks and relationships, and new residential environments. Although economic returns matter in the decision to move, it is clear from survey studies that many moves are more complex than those built around market incentives alone. To explore the decision‐making underlying mobility and to evaluate why s…
Life Cycle and Housing Adjustment as Explanations of Residential Mobility
The paper develops a typology of reasons for residential mobility and systematises the many survey analyses of reasons for moving. The relative importance of life cycle and housing adjustment mechanisms for explaining household relocations are evaluated. The analysis re-emphasises the role of housing adjustment in local moves and clarifies the theoretical links between stimulus (for move) and adjustment
Residential preferences and residential choices in a multiethnic context
A study of the expressed preferences of four different ethnic groups in the Los Angeles metropolitan area shows strong desires for own-race combinations in the ethnicity of neighborhoods that individuals say they would choose when seeking a new residence. The results also show that Anglos are not the only group to practice “avoidance” of other racial/ethnic neighborhoods, although avoidance behavior by Anglos is the strongest. Because the issues …
Residential preferences and neighborhood racial segregation
The debate over the role of the forces that create the patterns of residential separation has identified neighborhood preferences as one of the explanatory variables, but although we possess some empirical data on the nature of neighborhood racial preferences, the theoretical contributions have received only limited empirical evaluation. Among the theoretical statements. Schelling’s model of the effects of small differences in preferences on resi…
Housing Tenure Choice in Transitional Urban China
Using a 1996 national survey of housing in China and a multilevel modelling technique, we examine housing tenure choice in transitional urban China where households have been granted limited freedom of choice in the housing market since the housing reforms of 1988. We find that both market mechanisms and institutional forces affect households' tenure choice in urban China. While some socioeconomic factors such as age, household size, household in…
The Life Course and Residential Mobility in British Housing Markets
There is a substantial research literature on residential mobility in general, and the role of housing space in triggering moves in particular. The authors extend that research to mobility in British housing markets, using data from the British Household Panel Survey. They confirm the applicability of the general residential mobility model and also confirm the value both of pooled cross-sectional and of true longitudinal models of residential cha…
Life course events and residential change
Race, Class, and Place
There is an ongoing debate about levels of segregation, their causes, and their long-term direction. The debate is between those who, while acknowledging some role for economic forces, place the emphasis for continuing segregation on discrimination and White prejudice and those who place greater emphasis on income, wealth, and residential preferences. This debate is further illuminated with a detailed analysis of African American suburbanization …
Residential Mobility and Neighbourhood Outcomes
When households move they obviously weigh both the quality of the house and the quality of the neighbourhood in their decision process. But, to the extent that housing quality and neighbourhood quality are inter-twined it is difficult to disentangle the extent to which households are more focused on one or another of these two components of the choice process. This paper uses both cross-tabulations of the neighbourhood choices, and logit models o…
Ethnic Preferences and Ethnic Perceptions in Multi-Ethnic Settings
Racism is a still a central topic in current debates about multiculturalism, but there is increasing evidence that appeals to racism—as the explanation for urban behaviors and the current patterns of residential separation—are overly simplistic. In a multi-ethnic/racial context in which groups have different agendas, it is no longer useful to cast societal divisions as issues of Black versus White. This is especially true for the residential mosa…
Housing Consumption and Residential Mobility
This study uses a large longitudinal data set of housing and mobility information for the city of Tilburg, The Netherlands, to examine the relationships among households and the housing stock. The focus is on the nature of housing consumption by tenure and life-cycle characteristics of households and the impact of space requirements on residential mobility. Stepwise logit and discriminant models show that space considerations are central stimuli …
Changing Residential Preferences across Income, Education, and Age
Residential preferences and their role in creating and maintaining residential segregation are a subject of intense interest in ongoing debates about race and residential sorting in U.S. metropolitan areas and are central in work based on the Schelling tolerance models of residential selection. This study examines how residential preferences change across income, education, and age and provides new information on how race and socioeconomic status…
The Move to Housing Ownership in Temporal and Regional Contexts
A previous longitudinal study of households who make the change from renting to owning demonstrated the close connections between the tenure change and family composition. Specifically, there is a short period in which decisions with respect both to family changes and to house purchase occur. In this paper the authors extend that work and elaborate the findings by directly incorporating a measure of family composition change and analyzing its 'tr…
Housing Careers in the United States, 1968-93
The research in this paper focuses on the housing career during a household's life-course. The housing career is the sequence of housing states defined in terms of tenure and the quality/price of the dwellings that households occupy while they make parallel careers in family status and the job market. The research brings out, more than the literature on separate residential moves, that many households are in a stable housing state over long stret…
Tenure Changes in the Context of Micro-level Family and Macro-level Economic Shifts
Almost all the work to date on tenure changes, specifically the move from rent to own, has been derived from cross-sectional analysis of this important housing market decision. Economists have emphasised the investment nature of the housing consumption decision, while demographers and geographers have investigated tenure change in relationship to the demographic characteristics of the household. Now, the developing notions of life-course analysis…
Family migration and mobility sequences in the United States
Significant changes in family composition in the past quarter-century raise important questions about life-course outcomes embedded in these family changes, especially in relation to the migratory and mobility patterns of individuals and families. The
Place Attachment and the Decision to Stay in the Neighbourhood
Research on residential mobility has focused on moving rather than staying, and as a consequence, we have a much poorer understanding of why people stay in contrast to why people move. But in fact staying is the usual practice and moving is a relatively rare event. We draw on previous work on staying and the notions of place attachment, that is being invested in a place, owning a house and having connections in the neighbourhood, to investigate t…
Housing Consumption and Residential Crowding in U.S. Housing Markets
As families progress through the life cycle they generate different needs for housing space. The ability to satisfy these needs is clearly dependent on income, but at the same time it is affected by changes in household composition. The aggregate outcomes of the individual ability to adjust housing needs can be seen as a measure of the success of the housing market. This article examines changes in housing space consumption in the United States i…
Mobility, Housing Stress, and Neighborhood Contexts
In this paper we examine, in two separate analyses, actual and planned residential moves. Although we now have robust models and substantive empirical analysis of residential mobility, especially of the role of housing consumption and the variables that trigger residential moves, we are less clear about how the model applies to minority households and in diverse ethnic settings. We use data from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Study-a lon…
Neighbourhood Mobility in Context
Although high levels of population mobility are often viewed as a problem at the neighbourhood level we know relatively little about what makes some neighbourhoods more mobile than others. The main question in this paper is to what extent differences in out-mobility between neighbourhoods can be explained by differences in the share of mobile residents, or whether other neighbourhood characteristics also play a role. To answer this question we fo…
Trends in Residential Integration by Socioeconomic Status in Southern California
The central question posed in this research is whether increased educational status and associated economic gains for black Americans have been translated into greater levels of residential integration in Southern California. Some recent national investigations have shown small decreases in the levels of separation for higher-status black Americans. The research in this study strengthens those findings and strongly suggests that social class diff…
Housing and economic inequality in the long run
Finally, after a lengthy hiatus, the empirical facts of economic inequality need no introduction. In a blaze of publicity during a decade or more, the re-polarization of income and wealth across nearly half a century has been widely documented and is substantially uncontested. There is debate on whether incomes have peaked, no doubt that capital is back, and a great deal of speculation on what might happen next. What is surprising is the limited …
Linking Migration and Mobility
Clark W. A. V. and Huang Y. (2004) Linking migration and mobility: individual and contextual effects in housing markets in the UK, Regional Studies38, 617-628. Most migration work continues to separate long- and short-distance moves and their outcomes, but clearly, they are part of a complex process of relocation across different scales. While we know that long-distance moves are largely driven by labour market differences and moves at the local …
The Concept of Shape in Geography
S HAPE has always been of concern in geography. Indeed, many geographical features such as deltas, oxbow lakes, and island chains are named from their distinctive shapes or forms, and shape has been found to be extremely useful for describing towns, trade areas, and political units. Although shape has been primarily used in geography as a descriptive device, it has also been of value as an analytical tool. But it is in the related disciplines, su…
Disentangling the Interaction of Migration, Mobility, and Labor-Force Participation
The authors examine the impact of mobility on the labor-force status of two-earner households in the United States, in a longitudinal context. There has recently been a resurgence of interest within industry and academia in the impact of family migration on the labor-force status of women, and on dual-earner families in general. Much of the research in this field has documented the disruptive effects of migration on the labor-force status of wome…
A comparative analysis of leaving home in the United States, the Netherlands and West Germany
We investigate how leaving the parental home differs between three countries with different welfare-state and housing systems: the USA, the Netherlands and West Germany. Using longitudinal survey data, we examine the transitions of leaving home to live
A Multiscalar Analysis of Neighborhood Composition in Los Angeles, 2000–2010
There continues to be cross-disciplinary interest in the patterns, extent, and changing contexts of segregation and spatial inequality more generally. The changes are clearly context dependent but at the same time there are broad generalizations that arise from the processes of residential sorting and selection. A major question in U.S. segregation research is how the growth of Asian and Hispanic populations is influencing patterns of segregation…
Selected Spatial Variables and Central Business District Retail Sales
Selected spatial variables and central business district retail sales
The Concept of Shape in Geography
S HAPE has always been of concern in geography. Indeed, many geographical features such as deltas, oxbow lakes, and island chains are named from their distinctive shapes or forms, and shape has been found to be extremely useful for describing towns, trade areas, and political units. Although shape has been primarily used in geography as a descriptive device, it has also been of value as an analytical tool. But it is in the related disciplines, su…
The Nature and Economics of Urban Sprawl
Markov Chain Analysis in Geography
Markov chains are among probability processes which can be used to analyze movements of units through time. Definitions and theorems associated with Markov chains are kept to a minimum, and the usefulness of the transition probabilities to describe the movements of variables is emphasized. Derivation of transition probabilities and the transition probability matrix are described in detail. An example of the movements of central city census tracts…
Some Spatial Characteristics of Iowa's Dispersed Farm Population and Their Implications for the Grouping of Central Place Functions
(1966). Some Spatial Characteristics of Iowa's Dispersed Farm Population and Their Implications for the Grouping of Central Place Functions. Economic Geography: Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 261-272
Formulation and Test of a Normative Model for the Spatial Allocation of Grocery Expenditures by a Dispersed Population
In this study a model is developed and tested to describe the selection of major grocery purchase towns by a dispersed population. The information used was from a questionnaire taken to the approximately 600 households which comprised an areally stratified random sample of the Iowa dispersed population in 1960. The model uses the concept, developed in the work, of an indifference surface of town attractiveness indices to predict consumer town sel…
Consumer Travel Patterns and the Concept of Range 1
An aspect of Central Place Theory—the range of a good—is examined for a variety of business centers within a city. The study is concerned with understanding the orderliness of consumer spatial behavior. Specifically two hypotheses are tested. One, that consumers purchase goods and services at the nearest centers offering these goods and services. Two, that there is not a significant difference in the distances travelled for the same good or servi…
The Expansion of the Negro Ghetto in Milwaukee
Measurement and Explanation in Intra‐urban Residential Mobility
The Expansion of the Negro Ghetto in Milwaukee a Description and Simulation Model
Models of Intra-Urban Consumer Behavior and Their Implications for Central Place Theory
(1970). Models of Intra Urban Consumer Behavior and Their Implications for Central Place Theory. Economic Geography: Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 486-497
The Analysis and Recognition of Shapes
Geographers have always had an interest in the shapes of objects that they study, and have used descriptions of shapes in their analyses of urban form, trade areas, political units and physical features in the landscape. Geographers have also sought quantitative measures of shapes, and to utilize these measures in the development of theory explaining spatial phenomena. However, there have been numerous methods of measuring shape devised without a…
Residential Preferences
Maps of the intraurban residential preferences of a large sample of respondents in the Los Angeles metropolitan area are presented as an alternate way of viewing intraurban space. Some technical problems associated with the analysis of residential preferences are discussed, and an income constraint is introduced as an integral part of the analysis. The results suggest that it is possible to present a meaningful map of the urban area in terms of r…
Dimensions of Urban Social Structure
Urban Space and Structures
Part I. Explorations: Introduction 1. The grid as generator Leslie Martin 2. Speculations Leslie Martin, Lionel March and others 3. Elementary models of built forms Lionel March 4. The use of models in planning and the architectural design process Nicholas Bullock, Peter Dickens and Philip Steadman Part II. Activities, Space and Location: Introduction 5. A theoretical model for university planning Nicholas Bullock, Peter Dickens and Philip Steadm…
The Effects of Data Aggregation in Statistical Analysis
The problem of ecological correlation is now widely recognized but detailed analyses of the effects of aggregation on correlation and regression coefficients are rare. A short review of the aggregation problem is followed by an analysis of the specific effect of proximity aggregation on the slope coefficient of a bivariate linear model using data drawn from the Los Angeles Metropolitan region. The evidence suggests that changes in the slope coeff…
Migration in Milwaukee
Recent research in intraurban migration has focused on the behavioral components of migration while the economic constraints on mobility have been played down. A study of a sample of households in
Some Empirical Tests of Duration-of-Stay Effects in Intraurban Migration
Although there have been several empirical tests of the cumulative inertia hypothesis, the more recent theoretical work by Ginsberg (1973), McFarland (1970), and Spilerman (1972b) suggests that whereas these tests may support the existence of duration-of-stay effects they do not prove the existence of cumulative inertia as defined by McGinnis (1968). The tests are replicated and a new group of tests are applied to a data set of individual househo…
Cumulative Stress and Cumulative Inertia
A model of the probability of moving which incorporates aspects of the independent-trials process, the stage in the life cycle, and the concept of cumulative inertia is formulated. The model is based on the interaction of two forces. On the one hand there is a certain resistance to moving (cumulative inertia) and on the other the household may be dissatisfied with certain attributes of the present dwelling and its surroundings (residential stress…
Out of School
The authors, members of the Projections Section, Education, Science and Culture Division, Statistics Canada, state that their intention was 'to provide a general overview of expected changes in the manpower supply from Canada's education systems, and possible implications.' Systematically, they examine and project population trends and enrolment rates as bases for estimating future numbers entering educational institutions. They plot and project …
Modeling Information Use in a Spatial Context∗
Housing market information systems are characterized by multiple and interrelated channels of information flow. Decision makers are thought to use four channels of information characterized by message content, reliability, and cost. The effects of variations in the four subjective costs of channel use on the sequential structure of information collection and the spatial structure of search are examined with simulation techniques. Cost variations …
Calibrating a Model of the Decision to Move
A previously published paper established that neither the cumulative-inertia hypothesis nor the independent-trials models were adequate explanations of observed mobility rates for individuals with different prior residential histories (Clark and Huff, 1977). An alternative model of the probability of moving incorporated the independent-trials model and cumulative inertia as special cases (Huff and Clark, 1978). In the present paper the model is r…
Population Mobility and Residential Change
Sources of Spatial Variation in Residential Mobility Rates
Economics (133 works) · Geography (125 works) · Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies (116 works) · Sociology (113 works) · Demographic economics (102 works) · Political science (79 works) · Housing Market and Economics (72 works) · Demography (54 works) · Economic geography (51 works) · Economic growth (50 works)