L Thomas Winfree
Biographic Data
| ID | 256198 |
|---|---|
| NAME | L Thomas Winfree |
| GIVEN NAMES | L Thomas |
| FAMILY NAME | Winfree |
| SIGNATURE | WINFREE L T |
| AFFILIATIONS | New Mexico State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5729-5987 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 29 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 138 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 29 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1975 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Youthful victimization in post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina
Intra-national conflicts with racial or ethnic elements can complicate post-war reconciliation. From 1992 to 1995, much of the former Yugoslavia, a nation largely drawn from three distinct ethnic groups, was embroiled in such a conflict. After the signing of the Dayton Peace Accord, it was feared that schools would become a surrogate battlefield for school-aged children within the newly created nation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Group threat…
Social Learner Decision Making
Social learning theory is one of the leading theories in the field of criminology. This chapter provides an overview of the role of choice and human agency within the theoretical framework of social learning and their integrative importance for understanding delinquency and crime. Emphasis is placed on research stemming from Herrnstein’s matching law, choice allocation, and statistical models of social learning as applied to social networks. The …
Police and the War on Women
The war on women was a term coined during the 2012 election cycle that referred to attempts to pass legislation that would limit women's rights, from control of women's bodies (with a particular focus on birth control, abortion, and the aftereffects of rape) to equal pay for women and their rights in the workforce (M. E. Gilman, 2014 Gilman, M. E. (2014). Feminism, democracy, and the “war on women.” Law & Inequality, 32, 1–30. [Google Scholar]). …
The Native American Adolescent
The Empirical Status of Social Learning Theory
Social learning theory has remained one of the core criminological paradigms over the last four decades. Although a large body of scholarship has emerged testing various propositions specified by the theory, the empirical status of the theory in its entirety is still unknown. Accordingly, in the present study, we subject this body of empirical literature to a meta‐analysis to assess its empirical status. Results reveal considerable variation in t…
Social Support, Gender, and Inmate Adjustment to Prison Life
Although living in prison is difficult for all inmates, anecdotal evidence and a small number of qualitative studies on women's prisons suggest that females have greater social support needs while incarcerated. This claim is important for a more complete understanding of adjustment to prisons. In particular, extra and intrainstitutional social support mechanisms may reduce the inmate-perceived stresses associated with imprisonment and yield fewer…
Youth Gangs and Definitional Issues
The recent explosion in gang research has highlighted the importance of consistent definitions for gang affiliation and gang-related crime. Definitional questions have assumed greater significance in the wake of broad-ranging prevention and intervention strategies. In this article, the authors utilize a sample of approximately 6,000 middle-school students to examine the youth gang phenomenon using five increasingly restrictive membership definiti…
Hispanic and Anglo gang membership in two southwestern cities
Delinquent gangs have attracted the attention of social scientists for most of the twentieth century. The current study presents a systematic comparison of the gang-related attitudes and behavior of youths living in cities of dramatically differing size but subjected to similar cultural forces. Specifically, we explored the attitudes and orientations of gang and nongang eighth grade students living in two southwestern cities with large pluralitie…
Coppin' an attitude
On classifying driving-while-intoxicated offenders The experiences of a citywide DWI drug court
Differences between Gang Girls and Gang Boys
During the past decade, a growing body of literature examining gang girls and the involvement of girls in violence has appeared. In this article, we contribute to this developing literature by using data from a multisite evaluation to explore the extent to which gang girls are similar to or different from gang boys in terms of their attitudes, perceptions of their gangs, and their involvement in ganglike illegal activities. Findings indicate that…
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) evidence and criminal trials
Death and Violence on the Reservation
Introduction Trends in American Indian Homicide The Social Causes of American Indian Homicide as Revealed by the Life Experiences of Offenders An Statistical Analysis of American Indian Homicide: A Test of Social Disorganization and Economic Deprivation at the Reservation County and State Levels Alternative Explanations of American Indian Homicide Violence in American Indian Families When Aggression is Turned Inward Policy Implications Appendix A…
Social Learning Theory, Self-Reported Delinquency, and Youth Gangs
Social learning theory has been applied to a wide variety of criminal, delinquent, and deviant behavior. The current study examines the utility of applying selected elements of the theory to the examination of youth gangs. The subjects consist of a stratified random sample of male and female 9th-grade public school students living in a southwestern state. Following the logic of Akers' variant of social learning theory, we ask the following questi…
Family ties, parental discipline, and delinquency
The links among family ties, parental discipline, as measured by the use of physical punishment, and self‐reported acts of misbehavior have intrigued sociologists for almost 75 years. However, the available literature regarding the incidence of youthful misbehavior provides few insights into these putative links for families where the parents make the effort to send their child or children to a parochial school. To this end, a random sample of 74…
Responding to a legislated change in correctional practices
Rethinking American Jail Death Rates
This article provides insights in to the problem of jail deaths in America by drawing upon relevant data from the 1978 and 1983 National Jail Censuses and other official sources. The goal o f the research is to compare national death trends with jail death trends in order to determine (1) if the problem is as grave as the available literature suggests, and (2) if any major changes have occurred as a result of federal court activism. Indeed, we fo…
Understanding public support for punitive criminal sanctions
The present study compares the ability of selected psychological and sociological factors to predict the level of punitive criminal sanction supported by a community's residents. Personality characteristics, particularly those developed in the pioneering work of Adorno on authoritarianism, represented psychological influences; sociological views on punitive sanctions were drawn from the Durkheimian tradition of social condemnation, in which group…
Peers, parents, and adolescent drug use in a rural community
Criminal justice scholars as expert witnesses
Educational saliency and careers in criminal justice
On Becoming a Prosecutor
All formal organizations are faced with the problem of securing and retaining qualified, competent employees. For the office of the criminal prosecutor, this problem is exacerbated by the values, attitudes, and motives that define the duties and responsibilities of the job. In a study of the organizational socialization of law school interns, we observed that some of the students were assimilated quickly and completely into the role of prosecutor…
Women, crimes, and judicial dispositions
Utilizing records from the Seattle Police Department, we explored questions of a new “masculinized” female offender and a “chivalrous” criminal justice system. Crime‐specific arrest statistics provided a means to study both questions. Arrest statistics were recoded three separate ways: according to traditional views of the “masculinity” of an offense; legalistic crime categories; and seriousness ratings. These three categories were compared by se…
The Impact of Confinement on Juveniles
Attitudes Toward the Police
The present inquiry is an attempt to determine the attitudes which adolescents in Canada and the United States have toward the police and the determinants of these attitudes. In addition to providing a diverse sample of youths from two countries, each with unique policing structures and policies, the study represents the first attempt to assess the attitudes twoard the police held by a sample of Canadian adolescents. The sample for the inquiry co…
Coppin' an attitude
Differences between Gang Girls and Gang Boys
During the past decade, a growing body of literature examining gang girls and the involvement of girls in violence has appeared. In this article, we contribute to this developing literature by using data from a multisite evaluation to explore the extent to which gang girls are similar to or different from gang boys in terms of their attitudes, perceptions of their gangs, and their involvement in ganglike illegal activities. Findings indicate that…
Social Learning Theory, Self-Reported Delinquency, and Youth Gangs
Social learning theory has been applied to a wide variety of criminal, delinquent, and deviant behavior. The current study examines the utility of applying selected elements of the theory to the examination of youth gangs. The subjects consist of a stratified random sample of male and female 9th-grade public school students living in a southwestern state. Following the logic of Akers' variant of social learning theory, we ask the following questi…
Attitudes Toward the Police
The present inquiry is an attempt to determine the attitudes which adolescents in Canada and the United States have toward the police and the determinants of these attitudes. In addition to providing a diverse sample of youths from two countries, each with unique policing structures and policies, the study represents the first attempt to assess the attitudes twoard the police held by a sample of Canadian adolescents. The sample for the inquiry co…
The Native American Adolescent
Drug Use in Rural America
The socialization of jurors the voir dire as a rite of passage
Responding to a legislated change in correctional practices
Recidivist Impacts of Differential Sentencing Practices for Burglary Offenders
The research reported here attempts to examine the recidivist impacts of probationary sentences versus incarceration. Statistically controlled comparisons were run on a probability sample of 100 offenders sentenced for residential or commercial burglary convictions in 1971. Subsequent arrest, conviction. and imprisonment data were gathered from official agency records through March of 1975. The results of this study indicate that for persons sent…
Hispanic and Anglo gang membership in two southwestern cities
Delinquent gangs have attracted the attention of social scientists for most of the twentieth century. The current study presents a systematic comparison of the gang-related attitudes and behavior of youths living in cities of dramatically differing size but subjected to similar cultural forces. Specifically, we explored the attitudes and orientations of gang and nongang eighth grade students living in two southwestern cities with large pluralitie…
On classifying driving-while-intoxicated offenders The experiences of a citywide DWI drug court
Death and Violence on the Reservation
Introduction Trends in American Indian Homicide The Social Causes of American Indian Homicide as Revealed by the Life Experiences of Offenders An Statistical Analysis of American Indian Homicide: A Test of Social Disorganization and Economic Deprivation at the Reservation County and State Levels Alternative Explanations of American Indian Homicide Violence in American Indian Families When Aggression is Turned Inward Policy Implications Appendix A…
Rethinking American Jail Death Rates
This article provides insights in to the problem of jail deaths in America by drawing upon relevant data from the 1978 and 1983 National Jail Censuses and other official sources. The goal o f the research is to compare national death trends with jail death trends in order to determine (1) if the problem is as grave as the available literature suggests, and (2) if any major changes have occurred as a result of federal court activism. Indeed, we fo…
Peers, parents, and adolescent drug use in a rural community
Educational saliency and careers in criminal justice
Women, crimes, and judicial dispositions
Utilizing records from the Seattle Police Department, we explored questions of a new “masculinized” female offender and a “chivalrous” criminal justice system. Crime‐specific arrest statistics provided a means to study both questions. Arrest statistics were recoded three separate ways: according to traditional views of the “masculinity” of an offense; legalistic crime categories; and seriousness ratings. These three categories were compared by se…
The Impact of Confinement on Juveniles
An Examination Of Factors Related To The Parole Survival Of American Indians
This paper examines the parole survival of American Indians and non-American Indians released from a Western state prison. In order to determine whether the parole outcome exists independent of the ethnicity of the parolee, six pre-prison, prison and post-prison experiences were statistically associated with the parole outcome. The analysis reveals that the parole survival of the offender is in large part independent of ethnicity. Since the objec…
An Examination Of Factors Related To The Parole Survival Of American Indians
This paper examines the parole survival of American Indians and non-American Indians released from a Western state prison. In order to determine whether the parole outcome exists independent of the ethnicity of the parolee, six pre-prison, prison and post-prison experiences were statistically associated with the parole outcome. The analysis reveals that the parole survival of the offender is in large part independent of ethnicity. Since the objec…
The socialization of jurors the voir dire as a rite of passage
Recidivist Impacts of Differential Sentencing Practices for Burglary Offenders
The research reported here attempts to examine the recidivist impacts of probationary sentences versus incarceration. Statistically controlled comparisons were run on a probability sample of 100 offenders sentenced for residential or commercial burglary convictions in 1971. Subsequent arrest, conviction. and imprisonment data were gathered from official agency records through March of 1975. The results of this study indicate that for persons sent…
Drug Use in Rural America
Attitudes Toward the Police
The present inquiry is an attempt to determine the attitudes which adolescents in Canada and the United States have toward the police and the determinants of these attitudes. In addition to providing a diverse sample of youths from two countries, each with unique policing structures and policies, the study represents the first attempt to assess the attitudes twoard the police held by a sample of Canadian adolescents. The sample for the inquiry co…
The Impact of Confinement on Juveniles
Educational saliency and careers in criminal justice
On Becoming a Prosecutor
All formal organizations are faced with the problem of securing and retaining qualified, competent employees. For the office of the criminal prosecutor, this problem is exacerbated by the values, attitudes, and motives that define the duties and responsibilities of the job. In a study of the organizational socialization of law school interns, we observed that some of the students were assimilated quickly and completely into the role of prosecutor…
Women, crimes, and judicial dispositions
Utilizing records from the Seattle Police Department, we explored questions of a new “masculinized” female offender and a “chivalrous” criminal justice system. Crime‐specific arrest statistics provided a means to study both questions. Arrest statistics were recoded three separate ways: according to traditional views of the “masculinity” of an offense; legalistic crime categories; and seriousness ratings. These three categories were compared by se…
Peers, parents, and adolescent drug use in a rural community
Criminal justice scholars as expert witnesses
Understanding public support for punitive criminal sanctions
The present study compares the ability of selected psychological and sociological factors to predict the level of punitive criminal sanction supported by a community's residents. Personality characteristics, particularly those developed in the pioneering work of Adorno on authoritarianism, represented psychological influences; sociological views on punitive sanctions were drawn from the Durkheimian tradition of social condemnation, in which group…
Rethinking American Jail Death Rates
This article provides insights in to the problem of jail deaths in America by drawing upon relevant data from the 1978 and 1983 National Jail Censuses and other official sources. The goal o f the research is to compare national death trends with jail death trends in order to determine (1) if the problem is as grave as the available literature suggests, and (2) if any major changes have occurred as a result of federal court activism. Indeed, we fo…
Responding to a legislated change in correctional practices
Family ties, parental discipline, and delinquency
The links among family ties, parental discipline, as measured by the use of physical punishment, and self‐reported acts of misbehavior have intrigued sociologists for almost 75 years. However, the available literature regarding the incidence of youthful misbehavior provides few insights into these putative links for families where the parents make the effort to send their child or children to a parochial school. To this end, a random sample of 74…
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) evidence and criminal trials
Death and Violence on the Reservation
Introduction Trends in American Indian Homicide The Social Causes of American Indian Homicide as Revealed by the Life Experiences of Offenders An Statistical Analysis of American Indian Homicide: A Test of Social Disorganization and Economic Deprivation at the Reservation County and State Levels Alternative Explanations of American Indian Homicide Violence in American Indian Families When Aggression is Turned Inward Policy Implications Appendix A…
Social Learning Theory, Self-Reported Delinquency, and Youth Gangs
Social learning theory has been applied to a wide variety of criminal, delinquent, and deviant behavior. The current study examines the utility of applying selected elements of the theory to the examination of youth gangs. The subjects consist of a stratified random sample of male and female 9th-grade public school students living in a southwestern state. Following the logic of Akers' variant of social learning theory, we ask the following questi…
Differences between Gang Girls and Gang Boys
During the past decade, a growing body of literature examining gang girls and the involvement of girls in violence has appeared. In this article, we contribute to this developing literature by using data from a multisite evaluation to explore the extent to which gang girls are similar to or different from gang boys in terms of their attitudes, perceptions of their gangs, and their involvement in ganglike illegal activities. Findings indicate that…
On classifying driving-while-intoxicated offenders The experiences of a citywide DWI drug court
Youth Gangs and Definitional Issues
The recent explosion in gang research has highlighted the importance of consistent definitions for gang affiliation and gang-related crime. Definitional questions have assumed greater significance in the wake of broad-ranging prevention and intervention strategies. In this article, the authors utilize a sample of approximately 6,000 middle-school students to examine the youth gang phenomenon using five increasingly restrictive membership definiti…
Hispanic and Anglo gang membership in two southwestern cities
Delinquent gangs have attracted the attention of social scientists for most of the twentieth century. The current study presents a systematic comparison of the gang-related attitudes and behavior of youths living in cities of dramatically differing size but subjected to similar cultural forces. Specifically, we explored the attitudes and orientations of gang and nongang eighth grade students living in two southwestern cities with large pluralitie…
Coppin' an attitude
Social Support, Gender, and Inmate Adjustment to Prison Life
Although living in prison is difficult for all inmates, anecdotal evidence and a small number of qualitative studies on women's prisons suggest that females have greater social support needs while incarcerated. This claim is important for a more complete understanding of adjustment to prisons. In particular, extra and intrainstitutional social support mechanisms may reduce the inmate-perceived stresses associated with imprisonment and yield fewer…
The Empirical Status of Social Learning Theory
Social learning theory has remained one of the core criminological paradigms over the last four decades. Although a large body of scholarship has emerged testing various propositions specified by the theory, the empirical status of the theory in its entirety is still unknown. Accordingly, in the present study, we subject this body of empirical literature to a meta‐analysis to assess its empirical status. Results reveal considerable variation in t…
Psychology (26 works) · Criminology (24 works) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (18 works) · Sociology (18 works) · Political science (17 works) · Social Psychology (17 works) · Law (15 works) · Law (10 works) · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis (9 works) · Medicine (9 works)