D Walsh
Biographic Data
| ID | 26851 |
|---|---|
| NAME | D Walsh |
| GIVEN NAMES | D |
| FAMILY NAME | Walsh |
| SIGNATURE | WALSH D |
| AFFILIATIONS | Glasgow Centre for Population Health |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3390-5039 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 44 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 82 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 44 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1944 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Social security cuts and life expectancy
BACKGROUND: The UK Government's 'welfare reform' programme included reductions to social security payments, phased in over the financial years 2011/2012-2015/2016. Previous studies of social security cuts and health outcomes have been restricted to analysing single UK countries or single payment types (eg, housing benefit). We examined the association between all social security cuts fully implemented by 2016 and life expectancy, for local author…
Spatial Aspects of Health—Developing a Conceptual Framework
Numerous studies and models address the determinants of health. However, in existing models, the spatial aspects of the determinants are not or only marginally taken into account and a theoretical discussion of the association between space and the determinants of health is missing. The aim of this paper is to generate a framework that can be used to place the determinants of health in a spatial context. A screening of the current first serves to…
Trends in psychological distress in Great Britain, 1991–2019
BACKGROUND: Previously improving UK mortality trends stalled around 2012, with evidence implicating economic policy as the cause. This paper examines whether trends in psychological distress across three population surveys show similar trends. METHODS: We report the percentages reporting psychological distress (4+ in the 12-item General Health Questionnaire) from Understanding Society (Great Britain, 1991-2019), Scottish Health Survey (SHeS, 1995…
Trends in healthy life expectancy in the age of austerity
BACKGROUND: Worrying changes in life expectancy trends have been observed recently in the UK, largely attributed to austerity policies introduced over the last decade. To incorporate changes to quality, rather than just length of, life, our aim was to describe trends in healthy life expectancy (HLE) for the relevant period. METHODS: In the absence of available long-term trends, we calculated new estimates of HLE for Scotland for the period 1995-2…
Bearing the burden of austerity
BACKGROUND: Mortality rates across the UK stopped improving in the early 2010s, largely attributable to UK Government's 'austerity' policies. Such policies are thought to disproportionately affect women in terms of greater financial impact and loss of services. The aim here was to investigate whether the mortality impact of austerity-in terms of when rates changed and the scale of excess deaths-has also been worse for women. METHODS: All-cause mo…
Is austerity a cause of slower improvements in mortality in high-income countries? A panel analysis
Stalled mortality trends and austerity are widespread phenomena across high-income countries. Austerity is likely to be a cause of stalled mortality trends. Governments should consider alternative economic policy approaches if these harmful population health impacts are to be avoided
Spatial and temporal inequalities in mortality in the USA, 1968–2016
Previous UK and European research has highlighted important variations in mortality between populations after adjustment for key determinants such as poverty and deprivation. The aim here was to establish whether similar populations could be identified in the US, and to examine changes over time. We employed Poisson regression models to compare county-level mortality with national rates between 1968 and 2016, adjusting for poverty, education, rac…
Scaling Covid-19 against inequalities
Background The mortality impact of COVID-19 has thus far been described in terms of crude death counts. We aimed to calibrate the scale of the modelled mortality impact of COVID-19 using age-standardised mortality rates and life expectancy contribution against other, socially determined, causes of death in order to inform governments and the public. Methods We compared mortality attributable to suicide, drug poisoning and socioeconomic inequality…
Deaths from ‘diseases of despair’ in Britain
BACKGROUND: The contribution of increasing numbers of deaths from suicide, alcohol-related and drug-related causes to changes in overall mortality rates has been highlighted in various countries. In Scotland, particular vulnerable cohorts have been shown to be most at risk; however, it is unclear to what extent this applies elsewhere in Britain. The aim here was to compare mortality rates for different birth cohorts between Scotland and England a…
Theory driven analysis of social class and health outcomes using UK nationally representative longitudinal data
This study has demonstrated both the potential and the limitations of available cohort studies in measuring aspects of social class theory. The relatively small amount of variation explained in the outcome variables in this study suggests that these are imperfect measures of the different social class mechanisms. However, the study lays an important foundation for further research to understand the complex interactions, at various life stages, be…
The Right-Wing Popular Front
The days when Alan Brinkley could call the study of American conservatism a historiographical problem are long over. Since the mid-1990s, there has been an explosion of scholarly interest in the American conservative movement. We now have a deep and incredibly diverse literature on post–World War II American conservatism from a multitude of different focuses and methodological aspects. At the same time, a smaller, albeit also robust, literature h…
Relationship between childhood socioeconomic position and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)
Theorising social class and its application to the study of health inequalities
The literature on health inequalities often uses measures of socio-economic position pragmatically to rank the population to describe inequalities in health rather than to understand social and economic relationships between groups. Theoretical considerations about the meaning of different measures, the social processes they describe, and how these might link to health are often limited. This paper builds upon Wright's synthesis of social class t…
Right Here Right Now (RHRN) pilot study
RHRN produced a process for collecting near-real-time data for policy-relevant topics, although obtaining and maintaining representative samples was problematic. Adaptations were identified to inform a more sustainable model of near-real-time data collection and dissemination in the future
Do differences in religious affiliation explain high levels of excess mortality in the UK
BACKGROUND: High levels of mortality not explained by differences in socioeconomic status (SES) have been observed for Scotland and its largest city, Glasgow, compared with elsewhere in the UK. Previous cross-sectional research highlighted potentially relevant differences in social capital, including religious social capital (the benefits of social participation in organised religion). The aim of this study was to use longitudinal data to assess …
Bedroom media
Mass media have numerous effects on children, ranging from influencing school performance to increased or reduced aggression. What we do not know, however, is how media availability in the bedroom moderates these effects. Although several researchers have suggested that bedroom media may influence outcomes by displacing other activities (the displacement hypothesis) or by changing the content of media consumed (the content hypothesis), these have…
Is there a link between childhood adversity, attachment style and Scotland’s excess mortality? Evidence, challenges and potential research
Attachment processes are a fundamental part of human development, and have a profound influence on adult personality and behaviour, especially in response to stressors. Many studies have also shown that childhood adversity is correlated with adult morbidity and mortality. The interplay between childhood adversity and attachment is complex and not fully elucidated, but will include socio-economic, intergenerational and psychological factors. Impor…
Dying younger in Scotland
Given previous evidence that not all Scotland's higher mortality compared to England & Wales (E&W) can be explained by deprivation, the aim was to enhance understanding of this excess by analysing changes in deprivation and mortality in Scotland and E&W between 1981 and 2011. Mortality was compared by means of direct standardisation and log-linear Poisson regression models, adjusting for age, sex and deprivation. Different measures of deprivation…
Regional alcohol consumption and alcohol-related mortality in Great Britain
This study provides support for the ecological relationship between alcohol-related mortality and alcohol consumption. The synthesis of knowledge from a combination of sales, survey and mortality data, as well as primary research studies, is key to ensuring that regional alcohol consumption, and its relationship with alcohol-related harms, is better understood
Explaining the excess mortality in Scotland compared with England
BACKGROUND: Mortality in Scotland is higher than in the rest of west and central Europe and is improving more slowly. Relative to England and Wales, the excess is only partially explained by area deprivation. We tested the extent to which sociodemographic, behavioural, anthropometric and biological factors explain the higher mortality in Scotland compared with England. METHODS: Pooled data from 18 nationally representative cohort studies comprisi…
Protective Effects of Parental Monitoring of Children’s Media Use
IMPORTANCE: Children spend more time with electronic media than they do in any other activity, aside from sleep. Many of the negative effects that stem from media exposure may be reduced by parental monitoring of children's media use; however, there lacks a clear understanding of the mechanisms and extent of these protective effects. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prospective effects of parental monitoring of children's media on physical, social, an…
Preventing Corruption
Introduction Outline of book 1. Defining corruption 2. Measuring corruption 3. Explaining corruption 4. International compliance: The limitations to legislation 5. Encouraging Exposure 6. Threats, persuasion and sanctions as an aid to tackling corruption 7. State capture, corruption and the use of force 8. Private organisations as an extension of government power 9. Is all corruption bad? Understanding individual and organisational vested self-in…
Testing the reliability and validity of different measures of violent video game use in the United States, Singapore, and Germany
To examine the potential link between violent video game play and aggressive behavior, reliable and valid measures of the level of violence in video games are required. A range of different approaches have been used in the literature, and it is not clear to what extent they converge or measure different constructs. To address this question, three large longitudinal data sets covering at least 12 months were used from the United States (N 1,232), …
Alcohol-related mortality in deprived UK cities
BACKGROUND: Glasgow, the largest city in Scotland, has high levels of deprivation and a poor-health profile compared with other parts of Europe, which cannot be fully explained by the high levels of deprivation. The 'excess' premature mortality in Glasgow is now largely attributable to deaths from alcohol, drugs, suicide and violence. METHODS: Alcohol-related mortality in Glasgow from 1980 to 2011 was examined relative to the equally deprived UK …
OP31 Is Excess Mortality in Glasgow an Artefact of Inadequate Control for Deprivation
Background Scotland experiences higher mortality than the rest of Western Europe with Glasgow experiencing higher mortality than the rest of Scotland. This excess persists even when controlling for socio-economic status and levels of deprivation. Moreover, available measures of deprivation have accounted for less of the Glasgow excess over last 30 years. Many theories have been put forward to account for these differences and a recent review iden…
Media violence, physical aggression, and relational aggression in school age children
Many studies have shown that media violence has an effect on children's subsequent aggression. This study expands upon previous research in three directions: (1) by examining several subtypes of aggression (verbal, relational, and physical), (2) by measuring media violence exposure (MVE) across three types of media, and (3) by measuring MVE and aggressive/prosocial behaviors at two points in time during the school year. In this study, 430 3rd−5th…
Bloody Sunday and the Rule of Law in Northern Ireland
Drawing on original research into explosive evidence which had been concealed for twenty-five years, this book offers a devastating critique of the official Widgery Inquiry into the massacre of innoce
Is austerity a cause of slower improvements in mortality in high-income countries? A panel analysis
Stalled mortality trends and austerity are widespread phenomena across high-income countries. Austerity is likely to be a cause of stalled mortality trends. Governments should consider alternative economic policy approaches if these harmful population health impacts are to be avoided
Testing the reliability and validity of different measures of violent video game use in the United States, Singapore, and Germany
To examine the potential link between violent video game play and aggressive behavior, reliable and valid measures of the level of violence in video games are required. A range of different approaches have been used in the literature, and it is not clear to what extent they converge or measure different constructs. To address this question, three large longitudinal data sets covering at least 12 months were used from the United States (N 1,232), …
Deaths from ‘diseases of despair’ in Britain
BACKGROUND: The contribution of increasing numbers of deaths from suicide, alcohol-related and drug-related causes to changes in overall mortality rates has been highlighted in various countries. In Scotland, particular vulnerable cohorts have been shown to be most at risk; however, it is unclear to what extent this applies elsewhere in Britain. The aim here was to compare mortality rates for different birth cohorts between Scotland and England a…
Bedroom media
Mass media have numerous effects on children, ranging from influencing school performance to increased or reduced aggression. What we do not know, however, is how media availability in the bedroom moderates these effects. Although several researchers have suggested that bedroom media may influence outcomes by displacing other activities (the displacement hypothesis) or by changing the content of media consumed (the content hypothesis), these have…
Dying younger in Scotland
Given previous evidence that not all Scotland's higher mortality compared to England & Wales (E&W) can be explained by deprivation, the aim was to enhance understanding of this excess by analysing changes in deprivation and mortality in Scotland and E&W between 1981 and 2011. Mortality was compared by means of direct standardisation and log-linear Poisson regression models, adjusting for age, sex and deprivation. Different measures of deprivation…
Trends in healthy life expectancy in the age of austerity
BACKGROUND: Worrying changes in life expectancy trends have been observed recently in the UK, largely attributed to austerity policies introduced over the last decade. To incorporate changes to quality, rather than just length of, life, our aim was to describe trends in healthy life expectancy (HLE) for the relevant period. METHODS: In the absence of available long-term trends, we calculated new estimates of HLE for Scotland for the period 1995-2…
Spatial and temporal inequalities in mortality in the USA, 1968–2016
Previous UK and European research has highlighted important variations in mortality between populations after adjustment for key determinants such as poverty and deprivation. The aim here was to establish whether similar populations could be identified in the US, and to examine changes over time. We employed Poisson regression models to compare county-level mortality with national rates between 1968 and 2016, adjusting for poverty, education, rac…
Age differences in integrated semantic memory
Bearing the burden of austerity
BACKGROUND: Mortality rates across the UK stopped improving in the early 2010s, largely attributable to UK Government's 'austerity' policies. Such policies are thought to disproportionately affect women in terms of greater financial impact and loss of services. The aim here was to investigate whether the mortality impact of austerity-in terms of when rates changed and the scale of excess deaths-has also been worse for women. METHODS: All-cause mo…
Scaling Covid-19 against inequalities
Background The mortality impact of COVID-19 has thus far been described in terms of crude death counts. We aimed to calibrate the scale of the modelled mortality impact of COVID-19 using age-standardised mortality rates and life expectancy contribution against other, socially determined, causes of death in order to inform governments and the public. Methods We compared mortality attributable to suicide, drug poisoning and socioeconomic inequality…
Architecture at Cowdery's Down
The evidence for the reconstruction of building C12 at Cowdery's Down is reconsidered and an alternative structure proposed. In this, the massive inset slots by the doorways are identified as holding door jambs. A common-rafter roof is proposed, and it is suggested that any floor boarding would have been set directly on the ground and not suspended
Photographic evidence of rate of development of plant cover on the emergent island Anak Krakatau from 1971 to 1991 and implications for the effect of volcanism
Explaining the excess mortality in Scotland compared with England
BACKGROUND: Mortality in Scotland is higher than in the rest of west and central Europe and is improving more slowly. Relative to England and Wales, the excess is only partially explained by area deprivation. We tested the extent to which sociodemographic, behavioural, anthropometric and biological factors explain the higher mortality in Scotland compared with England. METHODS: Pooled data from 18 nationally representative cohort studies comprisi…
Alcohol-related mortality in deprived UK cities
BACKGROUND: Glasgow, the largest city in Scotland, has high levels of deprivation and a poor-health profile compared with other parts of Europe, which cannot be fully explained by the high levels of deprivation. The 'excess' premature mortality in Glasgow is now largely attributable to deaths from alcohol, drugs, suicide and violence. METHODS: Alcohol-related mortality in Glasgow from 1980 to 2011 was examined relative to the equally deprived UK …
The Condition of Man
Validity of indices of alcoholism
The incidence of 'alcoholism' is difficult to determine. This difficulty reflects the absence of a universally accepted definition of the disease. Various attempts have been made to base inter national comparisons upon such indices as alcohol consumption per person, death rates from 'alcohol related' diseases, hospital admission rates for 'alcoholism', and even conviction rates for 'drunk enness'. No problem would arise if all of these yardsticks…
Age differences in integrated semantic memory
Photographic evidence of rate of development of plant cover on the emergent island Anak Krakatau from 1971 to 1991 and implications for the effect of volcanism
Architecture at Cowdery's Down
The evidence for the reconstruction of building C12 at Cowdery's Down is reconsidered and an alternative structure proposed. In this, the massive inset slots by the doorways are identified as holding door jambs. A common-rafter roof is proposed, and it is suggested that any floor boarding would have been set directly on the ground and not suspended
Bloody Sunday and the Rule of Law in Northern Ireland
Drawing on original research into explosive evidence which had been concealed for twenty-five years, this book offers a devastating critique of the official Widgery Inquiry into the massacre of innoce
Recovery from psychotic illness
BACKGROUND: Poorly defined cohorts and weak study designs have hampered cross-cultural comparisons of course and outcome in schizophrenia. AIMS: To describe long-term outcome in 18 diverse treated incidence and prevalence cohorts. To compare mortality, 15- and 25-year illness trajectory and the predictive strength of selected baseline and short-term course variables. METHODS: Historic prospective study. Standardised assessments of course and outc…
A normative study of family media habits
The effects of violent video game habits on adolescent hostility, aggressive behaviors, and school performance
Video games have become one of the favorite activities of American children. A growing body of research is linking violent video game play to aggressive cognitions, attitudes, and behaviors. The first goal of this study was to document the video games habits of adolescents and the level of parental monitoring of adolescent video game use. The second goal was to examine associations among violent video game exposure, hostility, arguments with teac…
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ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00685555
Television and Video Game Exposure and the Development of Attention Problems
OBJECTIVES: Television viewing has been associated with greater subsequent attention problems in children. Few studies have examined the possibility of a similar association between video games and attention problems, and none of these has used a longitudinal design. METHODS: A sample of 1323 middle childhood participants were assessed during a 13-month period by parent- and child-reported television and video game exposure as well as teacher-rep…
It's not ‘just deprivation’
Influence of socio-economic status on habitual physical activity and sedentary behavior in 8- to 11-year old children
Children from a low SES show a trend of lower PA levels and spend more time in sedentary behavior than high SES children; however, differences in PA were influenced by BMI. The higher BMI in these children might be another factor contributing to increased health risks among low SES children compared to children from with a higher SES
It is not “just deprivation”
Background The link between socio-economic circumstances and health is well established, with material deprivation cited by UK politicians and policy-makers as the principal underlying cause of poor health and low life expectancy. However, research has shown that not all poor health can be explained purely in terms of deprivation: Glasgow in particular has been cited in this regard, with a “Glasgow effect” suggested to explain the city's high mor…
O1-1.4 The patterning of deprivation and its effects on health outcomes in three post industrial cities in Britain
Scotland has some of the worst reported health in the developed world. In comparison to England and Wales it has higher mortality rates, as well as higher incidence and prevalence of heart disease, many cancers (especially lung cancer) and deaths from suicides, accidents and alcohol. Scotland also has some of the most deprived neighbourhoods in the UK, with most being concentrated in Glasgow. The link between poor health and neighbourhood depriva…
Media violence, physical aggression, and relational aggression in school age children
Many studies have shown that media violence has an effect on children's subsequent aggression. This study expands upon previous research in three directions: (1) by examining several subtypes of aggression (verbal, relational, and physical), (2) by measuring media violence exposure (MVE) across three types of media, and (3) by measuring MVE and aggressive/prosocial behaviors at two points in time during the school year. In this study, 430 3rd−5th…
Do You See What I See? Parent and Child Reports of Parental Monitoring of Media
Research on parental monitoring of children's media use suggests parents can reduce the negative effects of media exposure on children, although this research is rarely conducted with elementary school children and leaves open questions about whether parents or children are better reporters. Participants were 1,323 children, their parents, and teachers. Parents and children reported on four aspects of monitoring for TV and video games: co‐using, …
Sleep as a Mediator of Screen Time Effects on US Children's Health Outcomes
There is growing concern regarding the influence of media exposure on American children's health and development. The current prospective study tested the direct relations between media exposure, sleep, and various health outcomes (e.g. attention problems, aggression, and body composition) and the indirect effect of media exposure through sleep disturbances. Child participants (N = 1,317) completed measures of media consumption and sleep. Teacher…
Preventing Corruption
Introduction Outline of book 1. Defining corruption 2. Measuring corruption 3. Explaining corruption 4. International compliance: The limitations to legislation 5. Encouraging Exposure 6. Threats, persuasion and sanctions as an aid to tackling corruption 7. State capture, corruption and the use of force 8. Private organisations as an extension of government power 9. Is all corruption bad? Understanding individual and organisational vested self-in…
Testing the reliability and validity of different measures of violent video game use in the United States, Singapore, and Germany
To examine the potential link between violent video game play and aggressive behavior, reliable and valid measures of the level of violence in video games are required. A range of different approaches have been used in the literature, and it is not clear to what extent they converge or measure different constructs. To address this question, three large longitudinal data sets covering at least 12 months were used from the United States (N 1,232), …
Alcohol-related mortality in deprived UK cities
BACKGROUND: Glasgow, the largest city in Scotland, has high levels of deprivation and a poor-health profile compared with other parts of Europe, which cannot be fully explained by the high levels of deprivation. The 'excess' premature mortality in Glasgow is now largely attributable to deaths from alcohol, drugs, suicide and violence. METHODS: Alcohol-related mortality in Glasgow from 1980 to 2011 was examined relative to the equally deprived UK …
OP31 Is Excess Mortality in Glasgow an Artefact of Inadequate Control for Deprivation
Background Scotland experiences higher mortality than the rest of Western Europe with Glasgow experiencing higher mortality than the rest of Scotland. This excess persists even when controlling for socio-economic status and levels of deprivation. Moreover, available measures of deprivation have accounted for less of the Glasgow excess over last 30 years. Many theories have been put forward to account for these differences and a recent review iden…
OP30 Exploring Reasons for Different Health Outcomes between Identically Deprived Post-Industrial UK Cities
Background Research has shown that Glasgow has an almost identical deprivation profile to Liverpool and Manchester. However, premature mortality is 30% higher, with mortality at all ages almost 15% higher. Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain this phenomenon: for many, however, no data have been available by which their plausibility could be properly assessed. Methods A representative population survey of Glasgow, Liverpool and Mancheste…
Protective Effects of Parental Monitoring of Children’s Media Use
IMPORTANCE: Children spend more time with electronic media than they do in any other activity, aside from sleep. Many of the negative effects that stem from media exposure may be reduced by parental monitoring of children's media use; however, there lacks a clear understanding of the mechanisms and extent of these protective effects. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prospective effects of parental monitoring of children's media on physical, social, an…
Regional alcohol consumption and alcohol-related mortality in Great Britain
This study provides support for the ecological relationship between alcohol-related mortality and alcohol consumption. The synthesis of knowledge from a combination of sales, survey and mortality data, as well as primary research studies, is key to ensuring that regional alcohol consumption, and its relationship with alcohol-related harms, is better understood
Medicine (27 works) · Psychology (21 works) · Demography (20 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (18 works) · Population (14 works) · Sociology (14 works) · Environmental health (13 works) · Social Psychology (12 works) · Employment and Welfare Studies (11 works) · Political science (11 works)