Ralf Schwarzer
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 277977 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | Ralf Schwarzer |
| NOMBRES | Ralf |
| APELLIDO | Schwarzer |
| FIRMA | SCHWARZER R |
| AFILIACIONES | Freie Universität Berlin |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0069-3826 |
| VERIFICADO | Sí |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 73 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 306 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 71 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 2 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1980 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 10 |
Efficacy of health behaviour interventions using the health action process approach
Fear of Falling Carries Over into Overprotection in Old Age
Fear of falling might result in overprotection by one's social environment. In turn, feeling dependent could increase fear of falling. However, the association between fear of falling and perceived overprotection and its temporal order is unknown. This longitudinal study explores this potential mutual longitudinal association. This study presents secondary analyses from a larger trial. We tested the association between fear of falling and perceiv…
Social robots as health promoting agents
Handwashing adherence during the Covid-19 pandemic
Saving Lives
Foodlit-tool
The trajectory of Covid-19 pandemic and handwashing adherence
Clinical Trials.Gov, # NCT04367337
Parental social-cognitive correlates of preschoolers’ oral hygiene behavior
A meta-analysis of the health action process approach.
What makes a good action plan? Characteristics and enactment of fruit and vegetable plans
The Berlin Social Support Scales
The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Received Support Scale of the Berlin Social Support Scales in a Canadian sample of English and French language melanoma patients ( N = 137). Participants received a skin self-examination education and completed self-report questionnaires. Exploratory factor analyses, reliability analyses, and independent samples t-tests were conducted. Findings support the unidimensional…
I believe, therefore I achieve (and vice versa)
Augmenting fruit and vegetable consumption by an online intervention
Sex differential mediation effects of planning within the health behavior change process
Who benefits from a dietary online intervention? Evidence from Italy, Spain and Greece
Objective The traditional Mediterranean diet includes high consumption of fruits, vegetables, olive oil, legumes, cereals and nuts, moderate to high intake of fish and dairy products, and low consumption of meat products. Intervention effects to improve adoption of this diet may vary in terms of individuals’ motivational or volitional prerequisites. In the context of a three-country research collaboration, intervention effects on these psychologi…
Stage-Based Computer-Delivered Interventions to Increase Condom Use in Young Men
Objectives: The aim is to examine whether adopting or increasing condom use can be influenced by psychological treatment targeting both motivational and volitional aspects, when these components are matched to the characteristics of the recipients. Method: In a randomized controlled trial, 159 heterosexual young men (intervention groups, n = 113; control condition, n = 46) were exposed to 2 computer-delivered intervention arms, 1 targeting nonint…
Health Self-Regulation, Motivational and Volitional Aspects of
Anxiety and Self-Focused Attention
Preface. Introduction Robert A. Wicklund Part 1: Self-Focus and Negative Affect 1. A Control-Process Perspective on Anxiety Charles S. Carver and Michael F. Scheier 2. Anxiety, Self-Preoccupation and Attention Irwin G. Sarason 3. Self-Evaluation and Self-Perception: The Role of Attention in the Experience of Anxiety Frederick X. Gibbons 4. Self-Consciousness, Role Discrepancy, and Depressive Affect Jay G. Hull, Nora P. Reilly and Louis C. Ennis 5…
Evaluating brief motivational and self-regulatory hand hygiene interventions
Frequent handwashing can prevent infections, but non-compliance to hand hygiene is pervasive. Few theory- and evidence-based interventions to improve regular handwashing are available. Therefore, two intervention modules, a motivational and a self-regulatory one, were designed and evaluated. In a longitudinal study, 205 young adults, aged 18 to 26 years, were randomized into two intervention groups. The Mot-SelfR group received first a motivation…
Promoting action control and coping planning to improve hand hygiene
The intervention led only indirectly to an improvement of hand hygiene via changes in self-regulatory factors. Results indicate the importance of promoting action control and coping planning to initiate changes in hand hygienic behaviours
Synergistic effects of social support and self-efficacy on dietary motivation predicting fruit and vegetable intake
The role of action control and action planning on fruit and vegetable consumption
Cross-behavior associations and multiple health behavior change
This study aimed to examine the interrelation of physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake. The influence of stage congruence between physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake on multiple behavior change was also investigated. Health behaviors, social-cognitions, and stages of change were assessed in 2693 adults at two points in time. Physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake were assessed 4 weeks after the baseline. Social-c…
Selbstkonzeptentwicklung nach einem Bezugsgruppenwechsel.
Self-Science
Ein Trainingsprogramm wird vorgestellt, das dazu dient, Lehrern die Bewältigung ihres Berufsalltags zu erleichtern. Dazu werden kognitive Werkzeuge vermittelt, die helfen, sich selber effektiver zu steuern. Im Mittelpunkt steht das Konzept der Selbstwirksamkeit. Das Training soll langfristig motivationale Prozesse stimulieren, die sich auf die Zielsetzung, die Anstrengung und die Ausdauer angesichts vielfältiger Anforderungen auswirken. Zur Optim…
Social Support and Health
It is generally assumed that social support has a favorable impact on the maintenance of health and on coping with illness. However, results are inconsistent and even conflicting. This is partly due to conceptual and methodological shortcomings. In order to overcome these problems and to guide further research, we present a taxonomy of social relationships and a causal process model. Social integration, cognitive social support and behavioral soc…
Stigma Controllability and Coping as Predictors of Emotions and Social Support
Affective reactions toward eight disease-related stigmas and the intention to extend social support were examined in a simulation experiment. The onset of the stigmas was varied as being either controllable or uncontrollable. In addition, the target person was described either as actively coping with the stigma or as not coping. The research question aimed at exploring the effects of onset controllability and coping efforts on expectancies, blame…
Action planning and coping planning for long-term lifestyle change
Planning is regarded as highly valuable in the process of health behaviour change. It bridges the gap between behavioural intentions and health behaviour. To further develop this concept, a distinction is made between action planning and coping planning. The latter refers to the mental simulation of overcoming anticipated barriers to action. Action planning and coping planning for physical exercise were examined in a longitudinal study with 352 c…
Emotional and uncontrolled eating styles and chocolate chip cookie consumption. A controlled trial of the effects of positive mood enhancement
Unemployment, social support and health complaints
Migrants have to deal with a number of stressors, among them tenacious job search and the constitution of a new social network. Prolonged unemployment and lack of social support can result in impaired health. A sample of 235 East Germans was investigated at three times during two years following their transition to West Berlin in 1989, after the breakdown of the communist system. The majority found a job during this time and succeeded to adapt ps…
More Spousal Support for Men Than for Women
Changes in Intentions, Planning, and Self-efficacy Predict Changes in Behaviors
Can latent true changes in intention, planning, and self-efficacy account for latent change in two health behaviors (physical activity as well as fruit and vegetable intake)? Baseline data on predictors and behaviors and corresponding follow-up data four weeks later were collected from 853 participants. Interindividual differences in change and change-change associations were analyzed using structural equation modeling. For both behaviors, simila…
The multidimensional nature of received social support in gay men at risk of HIV infection and Aids
This article concerns received social support in gay men at risk of HIV and AIDS. Distinctions are made between three types of support (informational, tangible, emotional), four sources of support (friends, relatives, partner, organizations), and three dimensions of support (amount, satisfaction, reciprocity). A 24‐item inventory reflecting these distinctions was administered to a sample of 587 gay men at two points in time. The psychometric prop…
Self-regulatory Processes in the Adoption and Maintenance of Health Behaviors
Specific psychological constructs and comprehensive models or theories have been designed to account for individual differences in the way people abstain from risk behaviors, adopt health behaviors, and succeed or fail in self-regulatory attempts. The present article traces the development of recent health behavior theories and relates them to research in the fields of motivation and self-regulation. Special emphasis is placed on optimism, both a…
Social integration and social support in a life crisis
The breakdown of the former communist system in East Germany was a major critical life event for those who left that country as well as for those who stayed behind. When the borders were opened, a longitudinal study was launched to examine the psychological readaptation process. Some indicators of social changes of migrants compared to nonmigrants were available. At three points in time over 2 years, both groups reported on their social bonding a…
A brief intervention increases fruit and vegetable intake. A comparison of two intervention sequences
Differential effects of planning and self-efficacy on fruit and vegetable consumption
Subjective Residual Life Expectancy in Health Self-Regulation
Applying socioemotional selectivity theory to the domain of health, we examined the interplay of social-cognitive predictors of physical exercise in two groups of people who perceived their remaining lifetime as either expansive or limited (based on subjective longevity ratings). Individuals (N = 370) who were prescribed physical exercise were assessed at discharge from orthopedic rehabilitation as well as 6 and 12 months later. Multigroup struct…
Mental health outcomes of job stress among Chinese teachers
This study examined the mental health outcomes of job stress among Chinese teachers in Hong Kong. A total of 269 Chinese teachers participated in Study 1 which provided cross‐sectional data regarding the associations among stress resource factors, burnout, and negative mental health. Study 2 was a six‐month longitudinal study which aimed to establish the direction of the associations among the hypothesized variables across two time points with a …
Social bonding and loneliness after network disruption
A dietary planning intervention increases fruit consumption in Iranian women
Facilitating Sunscreen Use in Women by a Theory-Based Online Intervention
This study compares a motivational skin cancer prevention approach with a volitional planning and self-efficacy intervention to enhance regular sunscreen use. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted with 205 women (mean age 25 years) in three groups: motivational; volitional; and control. Sunscreen use, action planning, coping planning and coping self-efficacy were assessed at three points in time. The volitional intervention improved s…
The role of action control and action planning on fruit and vegetable consumption
Cross-behavior associations and multiple health behavior change
This study aimed to examine the interrelation of physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake. The influence of stage congruence between physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake on multiple behavior change was also investigated. Health behaviors, social-cognitions, and stages of change were assessed in 2693 adults at two points in time. Physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake were assessed 4 weeks after the baseline. Social-c…
Habitual self-control and the management of health behavior among heart patients
I do not need a flu shot because I lead a healthy lifestyle
Compensatory health beliefs, a self-defence strategy, were examined in a theory-guided intervention promoting influenza vaccination at the workplace. In total, 851 employees were randomised to one group aimed at enhancing intention formation (standard group) or to another one assisting self-regulation (intervention group). Assessments took place after the intervention and 5 months later, investigating whether the intervention would interfere with…
The Berlin Social Support Scales
The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Received Support Scale of the Berlin Social Support Scales in a Canadian sample of English and French language melanoma patients ( N = 137). Participants received a skin self-examination education and completed self-report questionnaires. Exploratory factor analyses, reliability analyses, and independent samples t-tests were conducted. Findings support the unidimensional…
Increasing Physical Exercise Levels
Coping planning facilitates improvement of physical exercise. Implications of age differences in planning are discussed
Psychosocial differences between occasional and regular adolescent users of Marijuana and Heroin
Self-Esteem and Interracial Attitudes in Black High School Students
Black urban high school students have higher self-esteem, greater racial tolerance than students in other ethnic groups
Diagnosis and prediction of learning success
Self-Esteem and Interracial Attitudes in Black High School Students
Black urban high school students have higher self-esteem, greater racial tolerance than students in other ethnic groups
Stigma Controllability and Coping as Predictors of Emotions and Social Support
Affective reactions toward eight disease-related stigmas and the intention to extend social support were examined in a simulation experiment. The onset of the stigmas was varied as being either controllable or uncontrollable. In addition, the target person was described either as actively coping with the stigma or as not coping. The research question aimed at exploring the effects of onset controllability and coping efforts on expectancies, blame…
Social Support and Health
It is generally assumed that social support has a favorable impact on the maintenance of health and on coping with illness. However, results are inconsistent and even conflicting. This is partly due to conceptual and methodological shortcomings. In order to overcome these problems and to guide further research, we present a taxonomy of social relationships and a causal process model. Social integration, cognitive social support and behavioral soc…
Psychological Changes in East German Refugees
The armed conflict between the Romanian and Slavic populations of the Trans-Dniestria region has alarmed many Russian-speaking Jews. In the last two and a half years 32,500 Jews came to Israel from Moldova. There are 40,000 Jews still living in the region, 70 percent ofwhom have Israeli letters ofinvitation. Among them 8,000 live in the Trans-Dniestria region, with 2,500 in Bendery and Tiraspol. One-third of the Jews who fled the armed confrontat…
Unemployment, social support and health complaints
Migrants have to deal with a number of stressors, among them tenacious job search and the constitution of a new social network. Prolonged unemployment and lack of social support can result in impaired health. A sample of 235 East Germans was investigated at three times during two years following their transition to West Berlin in 1989, after the breakdown of the communist system. The majority found a job during this time and succeeded to adapt ps…
Social integration and social support in a life crisis
The breakdown of the former communist system in East Germany was a major critical life event for those who left that country as well as for those who stayed behind. When the borders were opened, a longitudinal study was launched to examine the psychological readaptation process. Some indicators of social changes of migrants compared to nonmigrants were available. At three points in time over 2 years, both groups reported on their social bonding a…
The multidimensional nature of received social support in gay men at risk of HIV infection and Aids
This article concerns received social support in gay men at risk of HIV and AIDS. Distinctions are made between three types of support (informational, tangible, emotional), four sources of support (friends, relatives, partner, organizations), and three dimensions of support (amount, satisfaction, reciprocity). A 24‐item inventory reflecting these distinctions was administered to a sample of 587 gay men at two points in time. The psychometric prop…
Predicting teacher burnout over time
This longitudinal study examined antecedents and consequences of psychological burnout among 362 teachers and school administrators. Antecedents included red tape, disruptive students and lack of supervisor support. Consequences of burnout included heart symptoms and depressive mood. Respondents completed questionnaires sent to them at their schools at two points in time, one year apart. LISREL analyses indicated that the predictors had significa…
Psychosocial differences between occasional and regular adolescent users of Marijuana and Heroin
Social bonding and loneliness after network disruption
The Assessment of Optimistic Self‐beliefs
L'auto‐efficacité générale est mesurée grâce à une courte échelle composée de dix items. Son usage est très répandu et elle a été adaptée à plusieurs cultures. Cet article compare des versions qui ont été proposées à des étudiants: 430 Allemands, 952 Costariciens et 293 Chinois. lies validités internes sont respectivement de.84,.81 et.91. L'unidimensionnalité de l'échelle est réapparue dans tous les échantillons. L'équivalence items‐modèle interl…
Predicting Cardiac Patients' Quality of Life from the Characteristics of Their Spouses
Recovery from surgery can be facilitated by personal and social resources such as perceived self-efficacy and social support. Moreover, the existence of a social network and the behavior of its members can also have a positive effect. Patients ( N = 381; 302 men, 79 women) undergoing heart surgery were surveyed once before and twice after surgery. In addition, 114 social-network members (18 men, 96 women), most of them spouses, reported about the…
Assessment of perceived general self-efficacy on the internet
General perceived self-efficacy pertains to optimistic beliefs about being able to cope with a large variety of stressors. It is measured with a ten-item scale that has proven useful in cross-cultural research. Previous findings suggest that the construct is universal and that it applies to the majority of cultures worldwide. The present investigation adds a new facet to it: can perceived self-efficacy be measured as part of an interactive comput…
Self-regulatory Processes in the Adoption and Maintenance of Health Behaviors
Specific psychological constructs and comprehensive models or theories have been designed to account for individual differences in the way people abstain from risk behaviors, adopt health behaviors, and succeed or fail in self-regulatory attempts. The present article traces the development of recent health behavior theories and relates them to research in the fields of motivation and self-regulation. Special emphasis is placed on optimism, both a…
Social-cognitive predictors of health behavior
The effects of social-cognitive variables on preventive nutrition and behavioral intentions were studied in 580 adults at 2 points in time. The authors hypothesized that optimistic self-beliefs operate in 2 phases and made a distinction between action self-efficacy (preintention) and coping self-efficacy (postintention). Risk perceptions, outcome expectancies, and action self-efficacy were specified as predictors of the intention at Wave 1. Behav…
Mental health outcomes of job stress among Chinese teachers
This study examined the mental health outcomes of job stress among Chinese teachers in Hong Kong. A total of 269 Chinese teachers participated in Study 1 which provided cross‐sectional data regarding the associations among stress resource factors, burnout, and negative mental health. Study 2 was a six‐month longitudinal study which aimed to establish the direction of the associations among the hypothesized variables across two time points with a …
Is General Self-Efficacy a Universal Construct?1
Perceived self-efficacy represents an optimistic sense of personal competence that seems to be a pervasive phenomenon accounting for motivation and accomplishments in human beings. The General Self-Efficacy scale, developed to measure this construct at the broadest level, has been adapted to many languages. The psychometric properties of this instrument is examined among 19,120 participants from 25 countries. The main research question is whether…
Soziale Unterstützung bei der Krankheitsbewältigung
Die Berliner Social Support Skalen (BSSS; Schwarzer & Schulz, 2000 ) unterscheiden sich von anderen Fragebogenverfahren zur sozialen Unterstützung durch ihren mehrdimensionalen Ansatz: Sowohl kognitive als auch behaviorale Aspekte sozialer Unterstützung können mit den insgesamt 6 Skalen (Wahrgenommene, Erhaltene und Geleistete Unterstützung, Bedürfnis und Suche nach Unterstützung, Protektives Abfedern) erhoben werden. Die vorliegende Untersuchung…
The General Self-Efficacy Scale
General self-efficacy is the belief in one's competence to cope with a broad range of stressful or challenging demands, whereas specific self-efficacy is constrained to a particular task at hand. Relations between general self-efficacy and social cognitive variables (intention, implementation intentions, outcome expectancies, and self-regulation), behavior-specific self-efficacy, health behaviors, well-being, and coping strategies were examined a…
Bridging the intention–behaviour gap
Although some people may develop an intention to change their health behaviour, they might not take any action. This discrepancy has been labelled the “intention–behaviour gap.” Detailed action planning, perceived self-efficacy, and self-regulatory strategies (action control) may mediate between intentions and behaviour. This was examined in a longitudinal sample of 307 cardiac rehabilitation patients who were encouraged to adopt or maintain regu…
General self‐efficacy in various domains of human functioning
Based on social-cognitive theory (Bandura, 1997), this paper examined whether perceived self-efficacy is a universal psychological construct that accounts for variance within various domains of human functioning. Perceived self-efficacy is not only of a task-specific nature, but it can also be identified at a more general level of functioning. General self-efficacy (GSE) is the belief in one’s competence to tackle novel tasks and to cope with adv…
Multidimensional Health Locus of Control
In the present commentary, the theoretical construct of Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) is described and evaluated in terms of its contributions to health psychology. This concept is compared to other control beliefs, in particular to perceived self-efficacy. It is argued that MHLC has supplied health psychology with essential insights and has offered a great deal of intellectual stimulation. Nevertheless, for some applications, d…
More Spousal Support for Men Than for Women
Action planning and coping planning for long-term lifestyle change
Planning is regarded as highly valuable in the process of health behaviour change. It bridges the gap between behavioural intentions and health behaviour. To further develop this concept, a distinction is made between action planning and coping planning. The latter refers to the mental simulation of overcoming anticipated barriers to action. Action planning and coping planning for physical exercise were examined in a longitudinal study with 352 c…
Psychology (64 obras) · Social Psychology (42 obras) · Medicine (39 obras) · Behavioral Health and Interventions (33 obras) · Clinical Psychology (29 obras) · Developmental psychology (23 obras) · Psychiatry (22 obras) · Social Psychology (20 obras) · Clinical Psychology (19 obras) · Self-efficacy (15 obras)