D R Williams
Biographic Data
| ID | 2789 |
|---|---|
| NAME | D R Williams |
| GIVEN NAMES | D R |
| FAMILY NAME | Williams |
| SIGNATURE | WILLIAMS D R |
| AFFILIATIONS | Harvard University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8654-6228 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 105 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1466 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 104 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1961 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 15 |
‘Doh Beat Up’ and ‘Doh Take It on
The cultural discourse metaphors ‘doh beat up’ and ‘doh take it on’ in Trinidad and Tobago capture the local sentiments of releasing self-condemnation after experiencing failure, wrongdoing, or circumstances beyond one’s control. In this study, we examined the direct and indirect relationships between religious commitment, self-forgiveness, and self-condemnation. Data were collected using an online survey of 259 adults (Mage = 40; 76% female) liv…
Funding and Defunding of NIH Research Should Be Based on Real Science and Not Politics or Amorphous Constructs
Anti-Racist Practices in Health Care Organizations—A Qualitative Analysis
The identification of anti-racist practices makes solutions visible to a broader audience and identifies the potential influence and responsibility each stakeholder in health care has to address racism. In order to apply these practices to other health care organizations, there is a need to rigorously evaluate the interventions and analyze their effectiveness
Correlates of longitudinal patterns of racial discrimination in midlife and older Black adults
The cost of doubt
Attributional ambiguity is an important yet overlooked social determinant of mental health. More research is needed to fully understand the impact of this stressor on population health, particularly among minoritized populations
Associations of Major Lifetime and Everyday Discrimination with Cognitive Function among Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Measurement and selection bias may partially explain the counterintuitive study findings. We call for longitudinal research to further investigate the discrimination-cognition relationship
Pathways to Flourishing
The present study focused on the roles of self-forgiveness and feeling divine forgiveness in mitigating the adverse effects of stress on substance use cravings in Trinidad and Tobago. We assessed 869 individuals (62 percent of whom were women) through self-report online questionnaires. A moderation analysis using the PROCESS macro and a bootstrapping strategy (N = 5000) revealed that greater levels of self-forgiveness weakened the positive relati…
Does Religious Service Attendance Modify the Relationship between Everyday Discrimination and Risk of Obesity? Results from the Study on Stress, Spirituality and Health
Age of onset and cumulative risk of mental disorders
BACKGROUND: Information on the frequency and timing of mental disorder onsets across the lifespan is of fundamental importance for public health planning. Broad, cross-national estimates of this information from coordinated general population surveys were last updated in 2007. We aimed to provide updated and improved estimates of age-of-onset distributions, lifetime prevalence, and morbid risk. METHODS: In this cross-national analysis, we analyse…
Prevalence and Psychosocial Correlates of Diabetes Mellitus in South Africa
In South Africa, there are a limited number of population estimates of the prevalence of diabetes and its association with psychosocial factors. This study investigates the prevalence of diabetes and its psychosocial correlates in both the general South African population and the Black South African subpopulation using data from the SANHANES-1. Diabetes was defined as a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥6.5% or currently on diabetes treatment. Multivariate…
Centering and collaborating with community knowledge systems
This methodology showed that a community Knowledge Bearer can function as communicators and interpreters of their community's knowledge base, can develop coherent narratives of lived experiences within which research and knowledge is contextualized, and can collaboratively construct conceptual mappings necessary for simulation modeling. This participatory modeling approach showed that even if there already exists a vast body of research about a c…
The impact of county-level fees & fines as exploitative revenue generation on US birth outcomes 2011–2015
In Search of the Promised Land
Variations in risk, resilience, and protective factors for cognitive and socioemotional development among 3- to 4-year-old children in Nigeria
Understanding Perceptions of Climate Change Scenario Planning in United States Public Land Management Agencies
As climate change increasingly challenges the capacity of traditional decision-making modalities to contend with mounting complexities and uncertainties, natural resource management agencies have increasingly turned to nontraditional modes of planning and decision-making such as 'futuring. Futuring methods, such as scenarios, have been increasingly utilized around the world. In the US, however, there has been a limited uptake of these tools acros…
Family Stressors and Resources as Social Determinants of Health among Caregivers and Young Children
Life course-informed theories of development suggest it is important to integrate information about positive and negative aspects of the social environment into studies of child and parental wellbeing, including both stressors that compromise health and resources that promote well-being. We recruited a sample of 169 pairs of caregivers and young children (birth to 5 years) from a community health clinic and administered survey questions to assess…
The Intellectual Roots Of Current Knowledge On Racism And Health
Research related to racism and health has evolved in recent decades, with a growing appreciation of the centrality of the social determinants of health, life-course approaches and structural racism, and other upstream factors as drivers of health inequities. Examining how race, class, and structural racism relate to each other and combine over the life course to affect health can facilitate a clearer understanding of the determinants of health. Y…
Structural Racism and Inequities in Incidence, Course of Illness, and Treatment of Psychotic Disorders Among Black Americans
Psychotic disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder) are a leading cause of morbidity and premature mortality and an overlooked health inequity in the United States. European data indicate inequities in incidence, severity, and treatment of psychotic disorders, particularly for Black communities, that appear to be primarily attributable to social adversities. The dominant US narrative is that any observed differences are primarily …
Mitigating ethnic disparities in covid-19 and beyond
Although socioeconomic status partly explains ethnic disparities seen with covid-19, cultural and structural racism also adversely affect health, argue Mohammad Razai and colleagues
Early Childhood Adversity, Toxic Stress, and the Impacts of Racism on the Foundations of Health
Inequalities in health outcomes impose substantial human and economic costs on all societies—and the relation between early adversity and lifelong well-being presents a rich scientific framework for fresh thinking about health promotion and disease prevention broadly, augmented by a deeper focus on how racism influences disparities more specifically. This review begins with an overview of advances in the biology of adversity and resilience throug…
Race, geographical location and other risk factors for hypertension
There was no significant association between social stressors or psychological distress and hypertension. However, the study provides evidence of high-risk groups for whom hypertension screening and management should be prioritised, including older ages, males, people with diabetes or with family history of hypertension, and Africans who live in urban formal localities
Relationship between Everyday Discrimination and Substance Use among Adolescents in Northern Chile
Substance use is a public health problem that affects the normal physical, neurological, and psychological development of adolescents. Apparently, discrimination is an important variable for explaining the initiation and continued use of alcohol and marijuana. Since most research focused on discrimination based on factors, such as race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, or gender faced by minority groups, studies on discrimination faced by the gener…
Prevalence of Everyday Discrimination and Relation with Wellbeing among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Adults in Australia
Discrimination is a fundamental determinant of health and health inequities. However, despite the high prevalence of discrimination exposure, there is limited evidence specific to Indigenous populations on the link between discrimination and health. This study employs a validated measure to quantify experiences of everyday discrimination in a national sample of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Australia's Indigenous peoples) adults surveyed…
Developing and validating measures of self-reported everyday and healthcare discrimination for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander adults
BACKGROUND: It is well established that racism is a fundamental contributor to poor health and inequities. There is consistent evidence of high exposure to discrimination among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (Indigenous Australian) peoples, but impacts have not been fully quantified, in part due to limited measurement tools. We aim to validate instruments developed to measure interpersonal discrimination. METHODS: Instruments were discusse…
US Socioeconomic and Racial Differences in Health
Racism and Mental Health
This paper provides an overview of United States-based research on the ways in which racism can affect mental health. It describes changes in racial attitudes over time, the persistence of negative racial stereotypes and the ways in which negative beliefs were incorporated into societal policies and institutions. It then reviews the available scientific evidence that suggests that racism can adversely affect mental health status in at least three…
Being black and feeling blue
Religious Involvement, Stress, and Mental Health
Although interest in the links between religion and mental health has increased sharply in recent years, researchers remain far from a consensus regarding which aspects of religious involvement are germane to mental health, which mental health outcomes may be influenced by religious factors, and which mechanisms and/or models may account for these observed relationships. This article extends the literature in this area by elaborating a set of dir…
Online Racial Discrimination and Psychological Adjustment Among Adolescents
Racism and the Life Course
The adage "time is money" signifies that time itself is a major social resource, but the role of time as a determinant of health inequities remains underappreciated. Time is fundamental to health promotion and human agency, as in having time to exercise and maintain social relationships. Further, scarcity in time is related to stress and illness. Time is also racialized, such that racial/ethnic minorities often have less free time and suffer a ti…
Income dynamics and adult mortality in the United States, 1972 through 1989
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine relationships between income and mortality, focusing on the predictive utility of single-year and multiyear measures of income, the shape of the income gradient in mortality, trends in this gradient over time, the impact of income change on mortality, and the joint effects of income and age, race, and sex on mortality risk. METHODS: Data were taken from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics for the ye…
The Association Between Perceived Discrimination and Obesity in a Population-Based Multiracial and Multiethnic Adult Sample
These findings are not completely unsupported. White ethnic groups including Polish, Italians, Jews, and Irish have historically been discriminated against in the United States, and other recent research suggests that they experience higher levels of perceived discrimination than do other Whites and that these experiences adversely affect their health
Research on Discrimination and Health
Experiences of discrimination were commonplace and linked to similar emotional responses and levels of stress among both Blacks and Whites of low and moderate SES. Effects were the same whether experiences were attributed to race or to other reasons
Perceived Discrimination and Hypertension Among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study
Further understanding the role of perceived discrimination in the etiology of hypertension may be beneficial in eliminating hypertension disparities
Racial discrimination, racial/ethnic segregation, and health behaviors in the Cardia study
Racial discrimination may impact individuals' adoption of healthy and unhealthy behaviors independent of racial/ethnic segregation. These behaviors may help individuals buffer or reduce the stress of discrimination
Culture
Contextualizing nativity status, Latino social ties, and ethnic enclaves
At the individual level, our findings challenge the assumption that Latino immigrants would have larger networks and/or higher levels of support and social integration than their US-born counterparts. Our study underscores the importance of understanding the contexts that promote the development of social ties. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding Latino and immigrant social ties and health outcomes
Everyday unfair treatment and multisystem biological dysregulation in African American adults
The results add to a growing literature on the effects of chronic bias and discrimination by demonstrating how such experiences are instantiated in downstream physiological systems. (PsycINFO Database Record
Perceived discrimination and psychological well-being in the USA and South Africa
In two racialized societies, perceived discrimination acts independent of demographic factors, general stressors, social desirability bias, racial identity, and SES, to negatively affect the psychological resources of self-esteem and mastery
We’ve Come This Far by Faith
AffiliationsLaPrincess C. Brewer is with the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN. David R. Williams is with the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; and the Department of African and African American Studies and of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
Discrimination and common mental disorder among migrant and ethnic groups
The strength of the relationship suggests a need for more consideration of migration status along with ethnicity in examining the impact of discrimination on mental disorder in community and clinical samples
Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Mental Health in Mexican-Origin Youths and Their Parents
The Role of Discrimination and Racial Identity for Mental Health Service Utilization
Several reports have documented different patterns in mental health service utilization among ethnic minority groups, particularly for Black Americans, in comparison to Whites. In this research, we examined individual variables that may underlie these differences, focusing on experiences of discrimination and racial identity. We used a community sample of over 1,000 White and Black American adults residing in a large Midwestern metropolitan area.…
The Geography of Recreational Open Space
The Intellectual Roots Of Current Knowledge On Racism And Health
Research related to racism and health has evolved in recent decades, with a growing appreciation of the centrality of the social determinants of health, life-course approaches and structural racism, and other upstream factors as drivers of health inequities. Examining how race, class, and structural racism relate to each other and combine over the life course to affect health can facilitate a clearer understanding of the determinants of health. Y…
Multiple contexts and adolescent body mass index
An Update on the Mental Health of Black Americans
Developmental timing of initial racial discrimination exposure is associated with cardiovascular health conditions in adulthood
Initial exposure to racial discrimination in early childhood and adolescence may increase the risk of cardiovascular conditions later in life. Clinicians and researchers should consider racial discrimination during childhood as a possible risk factor for illness and disease
Religious practices, beliefs, and mental health
The benefits of specific aspects of religious involvement vary across ethnicity. Caution is necessary in any effort to bring religion into the health domain. Our findings, if replicated, suggest that initiatives that facilitate a sense of purpose or forgiveness are likely to prove promising in improving mental health, regardless of race or ethnicity
"Whiting out" white privilege will not advance the study of how racism harms health
"Whiting out" white privilege will not advance the study of how racism harms health. N Krieger, D Williams, and S Zierler Raj S. Bhopal, and Liam J. Donaldson CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.89.5.782 Published Online: October 07, 2011
The Canals of South Wales and the Border
Palaeoclimate in urban environmental archaeology at York, England
Recent excavations at York, which has a continuous history from Roman times to the present, have produced much biological evidence for early environmental conditions. Climate seems to have had only a minor role in causing the observed changes though it is difficult to separate its effect from that of other factors. Insects appear to offer the best hope of demonstrating minor climatic fluctuations, though artefacts may also provide evidence. Human…
Deaths from ischaemic heart disease and infant mortality in England and Wales
Death rates from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in English and Welsh counties are correlated, in both men and women, with the infant mortality rates of those counties when the individuals whose deaths are considered were young, thus confirming previous findings in Norway. In England and Wales, however, there is an equally good correlation between deaths from IHD and infant mortality patterns up to and including that for the same time period as the…
Race and health
Income dynamics and adult mortality in the United States, 1972 through 1989
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine relationships between income and mortality, focusing on the predictive utility of single-year and multiyear measures of income, the shape of the income gradient in mortality, trends in this gradient over time, the impact of income change on mortality, and the joint effects of income and age, race, and sex on mortality risk. METHODS: Data were taken from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics for the ye…
"Whiting out" white privilege will not advance the study of how racism harms health
"Whiting out" white privilege will not advance the study of how racism harms health. N Krieger, D Williams, and S Zierler Raj S. Bhopal, and Liam J. Donaldson CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.89.5.782 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Being black and feeling blue
Racism and Mental Health
This paper provides an overview of United States-based research on the ways in which racism can affect mental health. It describes changes in racial attitudes over time, the persistence of negative racial stereotypes and the ways in which negative beliefs were incorporated into societal policies and institutions. It then reviews the available scientific evidence that suggests that racism can adversely affect mental health status in at least three…
Food Insufficiency and the Physical and Mental Health of Low-Income Women
Poor women with children are disproportionately represented among the food insufficient. Recent research has linked food insufficiency with dietary deficiencies, but further research linking this problem to health and mental health problems is needed to inform health and social policy. We analyzed the relationship between food insufficiency and physical and mental health in a random sample of 724 single women who were welfare recipients in Februa…
Managing Japan-Europe Industrials Buyer-Supplier Relationship
(2001). MANAGING JAPAN-EUROPE INDUSTRIALS BUYER-SUPPLIER RELATIONSHIP: A conceptual and empirical study of the Japanese market for high-technology marine equipment. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy: Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 232-243
Religious Involvement, Stress, and Mental Health
Although interest in the links between religion and mental health has increased sharply in recent years, researchers remain far from a consensus regarding which aspects of religious involvement are germane to mental health, which mental health outcomes may be influenced by religious factors, and which mechanisms and/or models may account for these observed relationships. This article extends the literature in this area by elaborating a set of dir…
Racial and Spatial Relations as Fundamental Determinants of Health in Detroit
As a social construct, race has been and remains a powerful organizing feature of American social life. Racial categories both reflect and reinforce group differences in access to economic, political, and social resources. In the United States, racial ideologies operate politically, legally, and socially to limit African Americans' and other labeled racial groups' access to economic resources (Darden 1986; Farley et al. 1994; Hummer 1996; Krieger…
The Integral Role of Pastoral Counseling by African-American Clergy in Community Mental Health
OBJECTIVE: Little is currently known about the pastoral counseling work of pastors of African-American churches. The authors interviewed the pastors of nearly all African-American churches in a metropolitan area about their pastoral counseling work and related aspects of their ministry. METHODS: Of 121 African-American pastors identified, 99 completed a semistructured interview describing their backgrounds, attitudes, concerns, and work. The inte…
Subjective social status
This article examines the test–retest reliability and predictive utility of a new self-report measure of subjective socioeconomic status (SES) with a large, multiethnic national sample. The measure showed adequate test–retest reliability, and was associated with self-reported health even after controlling for traditional measures of SES. Negative affect did not appear to confound the association between subjective status and health, but may opera…
Health Disparities Based on Socioeconomic Inequities
Health is unevenly distributed across socioeconomic status. Persons of lower income, education, or occupational status experience worse health and die earlier than do their better-off counterparts. This article discusses these disparities in the context of urban medical practice. The article begins with a discussion of the complex relationship among socioeconomic status, race, and health in the United States. It highlights the effects of institut…
Social Sources Of Racial Disparities In Health
Racial disparities in mortality over time reflect divergent pathways to the current large racial disparities in health. The residential concentration of African Americans is high and distinctive, and the related inequities in neighborhood environments, socioeconomic circumstances, and medical care are important factors in initiating and maintaining racial disparities in health. Efforts are needed to identify and maximize health-enhancing resource…
Multiple Dwelling and Tourism
The movement of people, goods, capital and information is a central aspect of living in the inter-connected, globalized late-modern world. Although this broader view of mobility is recognized, this book focuses mainly on migration or the movement of people. It examines multiple dwelling as a societal response to the major influences of increased mobility and amenity tourism. The book also considers the modern-day meaning of multiple dwelling, how…
Specifying race-ethnic differences in risk for psychiatric disorder in a USA national sample
Background. Epidemiological studies have found lower than expected prevalence of psychiatric disorders among disadvantaged race-ethnic minority groups in the USA. Recent research shows that this is due entirely to reduced lifetime risk of disorders, as opposed to persistence. Specification of race-ethnic differences with respect to clinical and social characteristics can help identify the protective factors that lead to lower lifetime risk among …
Self-reported Racial Discrimination and Substance Use in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Adults Study
The authors investigated whether substance use and self-reported racial discrimination were associated in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. Smoking status, alcohol consumption, and lifetime use of marijuana, amphetamines, and opiates were ascertained in 2000-2001, 15 years after baseline (1985-1986). Most of the 1,507 African Americans reported having experienced racial discrimination, 79.5% at year 7 and 74.6% …
The Role of Discrimination and Racial Identity for Mental Health Service Utilization
Several reports have documented different patterns in mental health service utilization among ethnic minority groups, particularly for Black Americans, in comparison to Whites. In this research, we examined individual variables that may underlie these differences, focusing on experiences of discrimination and racial identity. We used a community sample of over 1,000 White and Black American adults residing in a large Midwestern metropolitan area.…
Cross-national prevalence and risk factors for suicidal ideation, plans and attempts
BACKGROUND: Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide; however, the prevalence and risk factors for the immediate precursors to suicide - suicidal ideation, plans and attempts - are not wellknown, especially in low- and middle-income countries. AIMS: To report on the prevalence and risk factors for suicidal behaviours across 17 countries. METHOD: A total of 84 850 adults were interviewed regarding suicidal behaviours and socio-demographic and…
Twelve-month mental disorders in South Africa
Background South Africa's history and current social conditions suggest that mental disorders are likely to be a major contributor to disease burden, but there has been no national study using standardized assessment tools. Method The South African Stress and Health Study was a nationally representative in-person psychiatric epidemiological survey of 4351 adults (aged ⩾18 years) that was conducted as part of the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surv…
Moving Upstream
There is considerable scientific and policy interest in reducing socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities in healthcare and health status. Currently, much of the policy focus around reducing health disparities has been geared toward improving access, coverage, quality, and the intensity of healthcare. However, health is more a function of lifestyles linked to living and working conditions than of healthcare. Accordingly, effective efforts to i…
Online Racial Discrimination and Psychological Adjustment Among Adolescents
The Association Between Perceived Discrimination and Obesity in a Population-Based Multiracial and Multiethnic Adult Sample
These findings are not completely unsupported. White ethnic groups including Polish, Italians, Jews, and Irish have historically been discriminated against in the United States, and other recent research suggests that they experience higher levels of perceived discrimination than do other Whites and that these experiences adversely affect their health
Medicine (73 works) · Psychology (58 works) · Racial and Ethnic Identity Research (49 works) · Sociology (46 works) · Environmental health (42 works) · Population (40 works) · Psychiatry (38 works) · Demography (37 works) · Ethnic group (30 works) · Gerontology (28 works)