Charles R Ortloff
Biographic Data
| ID | 280473 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Charles R Ortloff |
| GIVEN NAMES | Charles R |
| FAMILY NAME | Ortloff |
| SIGNATURE | ORTLOFF C R |
| AFFILIATIONS | FMC (United States) |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8274-1683 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 19 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 187 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 19 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1982 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2023 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Chimú-Inka Segmented Agricultural Fields in the Jequetepeque Valley, Peru
In this study, we analyze extensive segmented and standardized agricultural fields in the marginally productive terrain of the Pampa de Guereque in the Jequetepeque Valley on the north coast of Peru. Although portions of the associated canal system were constructed continuously from late Formative to Chimú times, the segmented fields date to the late Chimú-Inka period and were only partially finished, apparently never fully used, and ultimately a…
Tipon
The site of Tipon, Peru, located about 30 km east of Cuzco, provides an example of Inka knowledge of hydraulic engineering and the civil engineering practices used in the design and operation of the complex water system. The inhabitants of Tipon used river- and spring-sourced surface and subterranean channels to convey, distribute, and drain water to and from multiple agricultural platforms, reservoirs, and urban ceremonial centers. Intricate int…
The Pont du Garde aqueduct and castellum
Water engineering at Petra (Jordan)
BCE Caral
The Late Archaic Period of North Central Coast Peru witnessed increased El Niño events that transferred flood sediment from coastal valleys into ocean currents forming large barrier beach ridges. As a result, river drainage was impeded, bay infilling and coastal marshes appeared and sediment deposits covered coastal agricultural lands compromising their productivity. Many sites within the Supe Valley, with its ceremonial center at Caral, were bas…
The Water Supply and Distribution System of the Nabataean City of Petra (Jordan), 300 bc– ad 300
The water supply and distribution system of the Nabataean city of Petra in southwestern Jordan has been explored and mapped. Analysis of the system indicates exploitation of all possible water resources using management techniques that balance reservoir storage capacity with continuous flow pipeline systems to maintain a constant water supply throughout the year. Nabataean Petra was founded c. 300 bc; urban development progressed with later Roman…
Computational Fluid Dynamics Investigation of the Hydraulic Behaviour of the Roman Inverted Siphon System at Aspendos, Turkey
Climate and Technological Innovation at Kaminaljuyu, Guatemala
During the years 2000 and 2001, a project was carried out to determine the paleoclimate in the Valley of Guatemala. There were two main objectives: (1) to compare and contrast the Highland data with that already obtained from the Maya Lowlands and the Caribbean region; and (2) to understand the relationship between climate and the disappearance of lakes and irrigated agriculture at the archaeological site of Kaminaljuyu in the Valley of Guatemala…
The Urban Water Supply and Distribution System of the Ionian City of Ephesos in the Roman Imperial Period
Environmental thresholds and the empirical reality of state collapse
We are grateful for the opportunity to respondto Erickson's (1999) critique of our articles onhuman-environment interactions in the LakeTiticaca basin of Bolivia (Ortloff & Kolata 1993;Abbott et al. 1997; Binford et al. 1997). Hisdecision to publish this critique in ANTIQUITY,rather than in the journals in which our articlesappeared, permits us to reach a broaderaudience. Erickson labels our interpretationsa form of 'neo-environmental determinism…
Hydraulic Analysis of a Self-Cleaning Drainage Outlet at the Hellenistic City of Priene
Surveying and Hydraulic Engineering of the Pre-Columbian Chimú State
The Chimú state of northern coastal Peru (ad 900–1480) developed massive irrigation-based agricultural systems supplied by intricate networks of canals drawing water from river sources in coastal valleys under their political control. Further intervalley canal systems, some up to 50 miles in length, were constructed to shunt water between river valleys to augment intravalley supplies. A high degree of civil engineering skill was necessary to cons…
Climate and Collapse
Hydraulic analysis of Tiwanaku aqueduct structures at Lukurmata and Pajchiri, Bolivia
Thermal analysis of Tiwanaku raised field systems in the Lake Titicaca Basin of Bolivia
Hydraulic Engineering and Historical Aspects of the Pre-Columbian Intravalley Canal Systems of the Moche Valley, Peru
The major intravalley canals of the Moche Valley in Peru built during the Late Intermediate Period (ca. 900–1400 A.C.) are analyzed for their engineering design content and design philosophy. An historical overview of the canals reveals successive abandonment of older, higher outlying canals in favor of near-river systems of lesser length. With this retraction there is a concomitant decrease in irrigated land. This paper ascribes this process to …
The Chicama-Moche Intervalley Canal
Antithetical premises of a static versus dynamic Andean landscape produce contradictory interpretations of the Chicama-Moche Intervalley Canal. On a static landscape, inoperable canal gradients must be explained by social parameters such as poor surveying or construction techniques. The paradigm of Plate Tectonics and evidence of ongoing crustal convergence support an alternative premise of continuous, gradual landscape alteration and ground slop…
Hydraulic Engineering Aspects of the Chimu Chicama-Moche Intervalley Canal
Of the many canal systems of the Chimu empire the Chicama-Moche Intervalley (La Cumbre) Canal connecting the Chicama and Moche valleys represents the highest level of technical achievement. This paper examines the engineering skills of the Chimu as revealed by computer analysis of the open channel flow design techniques they utilized. Analysis of agricultural strategies made possible by this canal and the surveying skills inherent to its use are …
Hydraulic Engineering and Historical Aspects of the Pre-Columbian Intravalley Canal Systems of the Moche Valley, Peru
Charles R. Ortloff, Robert A. Feldman, Michael E. Moseley, Hydraulic Engineering and Historical Aspects of the Pre-Columbian Intravalley Canal Systems of the Moche Valley, Peru, Journal of Field Archaeology, Vol. 12, No. 1 (Spring, 1985), pp. 77-98
Climate and Collapse
Environmental thresholds and the empirical reality of state collapse
We are grateful for the opportunity to respondto Erickson's (1999) critique of our articles onhuman-environment interactions in the LakeTiticaca basin of Bolivia (Ortloff & Kolata 1993;Abbott et al. 1997; Binford et al. 1997). Hisdecision to publish this critique in ANTIQUITY,rather than in the journals in which our articlesappeared, permits us to reach a broaderaudience. Erickson labels our interpretationsa form of 'neo-environmental determinism…
Thermal analysis of Tiwanaku raised field systems in the Lake Titicaca Basin of Bolivia
The Urban Water Supply and Distribution System of the Ionian City of Ephesos in the Roman Imperial Period
Hydraulic Engineering Aspects of the Chimu Chicama-Moche Intervalley Canal
Of the many canal systems of the Chimu empire the Chicama-Moche Intervalley (La Cumbre) Canal connecting the Chicama and Moche valleys represents the highest level of technical achievement. This paper examines the engineering skills of the Chimu as revealed by computer analysis of the open channel flow design techniques they utilized. Analysis of agricultural strategies made possible by this canal and the surveying skills inherent to its use are …
Hydraulic analysis of Tiwanaku aqueduct structures at Lukurmata and Pajchiri, Bolivia
The Chicama-Moche Intervalley Canal
Antithetical premises of a static versus dynamic Andean landscape produce contradictory interpretations of the Chicama-Moche Intervalley Canal. On a static landscape, inoperable canal gradients must be explained by social parameters such as poor surveying or construction techniques. The paradigm of Plate Tectonics and evidence of ongoing crustal convergence support an alternative premise of continuous, gradual landscape alteration and ground slop…
The Water Supply and Distribution System of the Nabataean City of Petra (Jordan), 300 bc– ad 300
The water supply and distribution system of the Nabataean city of Petra in southwestern Jordan has been explored and mapped. Analysis of the system indicates exploitation of all possible water resources using management techniques that balance reservoir storage capacity with continuous flow pipeline systems to maintain a constant water supply throughout the year. Nabataean Petra was founded c. 300 bc; urban development progressed with later Roman…
Hydraulic Engineering and Historical Aspects of the Pre-Columbian Intravalley Canal Systems of the Moche Valley, Peru
The major intravalley canals of the Moche Valley in Peru built during the Late Intermediate Period (ca. 900–1400 A.C.) are analyzed for their engineering design content and design philosophy. An historical overview of the canals reveals successive abandonment of older, higher outlying canals in favor of near-river systems of lesser length. With this retraction there is a concomitant decrease in irrigated land. This paper ascribes this process to …
Water engineering at Petra (Jordan)
Computational Fluid Dynamics Investigation of the Hydraulic Behaviour of the Roman Inverted Siphon System at Aspendos, Turkey
Climate and Technological Innovation at Kaminaljuyu, Guatemala
During the years 2000 and 2001, a project was carried out to determine the paleoclimate in the Valley of Guatemala. There were two main objectives: (1) to compare and contrast the Highland data with that already obtained from the Maya Lowlands and the Caribbean region; and (2) to understand the relationship between climate and the disappearance of lakes and irrigated agriculture at the archaeological site of Kaminaljuyu in the Valley of Guatemala…
Surveying and Hydraulic Engineering of the Pre-Columbian Chimú State
The Chimú state of northern coastal Peru (ad 900–1480) developed massive irrigation-based agricultural systems supplied by intricate networks of canals drawing water from river sources in coastal valleys under their political control. Further intervalley canal systems, some up to 50 miles in length, were constructed to shunt water between river valleys to augment intravalley supplies. A high degree of civil engineering skill was necessary to cons…
Tipon
The site of Tipon, Peru, located about 30 km east of Cuzco, provides an example of Inka knowledge of hydraulic engineering and the civil engineering practices used in the design and operation of the complex water system. The inhabitants of Tipon used river- and spring-sourced surface and subterranean channels to convey, distribute, and drain water to and from multiple agricultural platforms, reservoirs, and urban ceremonial centers. Intricate int…
Chimú-Inka Segmented Agricultural Fields in the Jequetepeque Valley, Peru
In this study, we analyze extensive segmented and standardized agricultural fields in the marginally productive terrain of the Pampa de Guereque in the Jequetepeque Valley on the north coast of Peru. Although portions of the associated canal system were constructed continuously from late Formative to Chimú times, the segmented fields date to the late Chimú-Inka period and were only partially finished, apparently never fully used, and ultimately a…
Hydraulic Analysis of a Self-Cleaning Drainage Outlet at the Hellenistic City of Priene
Hydraulic Engineering and Historical Aspects of the Pre-Columbian Intravalley Canal Systems of the Moche Valley, Peru
Charles R. Ortloff, Robert A. Feldman, Michael E. Moseley, Hydraulic Engineering and Historical Aspects of the Pre-Columbian Intravalley Canal Systems of the Moche Valley, Peru, Journal of Field Archaeology, Vol. 12, No. 1 (Spring, 1985), pp. 77-98
Hydraulic Engineering Aspects of the Chimu Chicama-Moche Intervalley Canal
Of the many canal systems of the Chimu empire the Chicama-Moche Intervalley (La Cumbre) Canal connecting the Chicama and Moche valleys represents the highest level of technical achievement. This paper examines the engineering skills of the Chimu as revealed by computer analysis of the open channel flow design techniques they utilized. Analysis of agricultural strategies made possible by this canal and the surveying skills inherent to its use are …
The Chicama-Moche Intervalley Canal
Antithetical premises of a static versus dynamic Andean landscape produce contradictory interpretations of the Chicama-Moche Intervalley Canal. On a static landscape, inoperable canal gradients must be explained by social parameters such as poor surveying or construction techniques. The paradigm of Plate Tectonics and evidence of ongoing crustal convergence support an alternative premise of continuous, gradual landscape alteration and ground slop…
Hydraulic Engineering and Historical Aspects of the Pre-Columbian Intravalley Canal Systems of the Moche Valley, Peru
The major intravalley canals of the Moche Valley in Peru built during the Late Intermediate Period (ca. 900–1400 A.C.) are analyzed for their engineering design content and design philosophy. An historical overview of the canals reveals successive abandonment of older, higher outlying canals in favor of near-river systems of lesser length. With this retraction there is a concomitant decrease in irrigated land. This paper ascribes this process to …
Hydraulic analysis of Tiwanaku aqueduct structures at Lukurmata and Pajchiri, Bolivia
Thermal analysis of Tiwanaku raised field systems in the Lake Titicaca Basin of Bolivia
Climate and Collapse
Surveying and Hydraulic Engineering of the Pre-Columbian Chimú State
The Chimú state of northern coastal Peru (ad 900–1480) developed massive irrigation-based agricultural systems supplied by intricate networks of canals drawing water from river sources in coastal valleys under their political control. Further intervalley canal systems, some up to 50 miles in length, were constructed to shunt water between river valleys to augment intravalley supplies. A high degree of civil engineering skill was necessary to cons…
Hydraulic Analysis of a Self-Cleaning Drainage Outlet at the Hellenistic City of Priene
Environmental thresholds and the empirical reality of state collapse
We are grateful for the opportunity to respondto Erickson's (1999) critique of our articles onhuman-environment interactions in the LakeTiticaca basin of Bolivia (Ortloff & Kolata 1993;Abbott et al. 1997; Binford et al. 1997). Hisdecision to publish this critique in ANTIQUITY,rather than in the journals in which our articlesappeared, permits us to reach a broaderaudience. Erickson labels our interpretationsa form of 'neo-environmental determinism…
The Urban Water Supply and Distribution System of the Ionian City of Ephesos in the Roman Imperial Period
Climate and Technological Innovation at Kaminaljuyu, Guatemala
During the years 2000 and 2001, a project was carried out to determine the paleoclimate in the Valley of Guatemala. There were two main objectives: (1) to compare and contrast the Highland data with that already obtained from the Maya Lowlands and the Caribbean region; and (2) to understand the relationship between climate and the disappearance of lakes and irrigated agriculture at the archaeological site of Kaminaljuyu in the Valley of Guatemala…
Computational Fluid Dynamics Investigation of the Hydraulic Behaviour of the Roman Inverted Siphon System at Aspendos, Turkey
The Water Supply and Distribution System of the Nabataean City of Petra (Jordan), 300 bc– ad 300
The water supply and distribution system of the Nabataean city of Petra in southwestern Jordan has been explored and mapped. Analysis of the system indicates exploitation of all possible water resources using management techniques that balance reservoir storage capacity with continuous flow pipeline systems to maintain a constant water supply throughout the year. Nabataean Petra was founded c. 300 bc; urban development progressed with later Roman…
BCE Caral
The Late Archaic Period of North Central Coast Peru witnessed increased El Niño events that transferred flood sediment from coastal valleys into ocean currents forming large barrier beach ridges. As a result, river drainage was impeded, bay infilling and coastal marshes appeared and sediment deposits covered coastal agricultural lands compromising their productivity. Many sites within the Supe Valley, with its ceremonial center at Caral, were bas…
Water engineering at Petra (Jordan)
The Pont du Garde aqueduct and castellum
Tipon
The site of Tipon, Peru, located about 30 km east of Cuzco, provides an example of Inka knowledge of hydraulic engineering and the civil engineering practices used in the design and operation of the complex water system. The inhabitants of Tipon used river- and spring-sourced surface and subterranean channels to convey, distribute, and drain water to and from multiple agricultural platforms, reservoirs, and urban ceremonial centers. Intricate int…
Chimú-Inka Segmented Agricultural Fields in the Jequetepeque Valley, Peru
In this study, we analyze extensive segmented and standardized agricultural fields in the marginally productive terrain of the Pampa de Guereque in the Jequetepeque Valley on the north coast of Peru. Although portions of the associated canal system were constructed continuously from late Formative to Chimú times, the segmented fields date to the late Chimú-Inka period and were only partially finished, apparently never fully used, and ultimately a…
Hydraulic Engineering and Historical Aspects of the Pre-Columbian Intravalley Canal Systems of the Moche Valley, Peru
Charles R. Ortloff, Robert A. Feldman, Michael E. Moseley, Hydraulic Engineering and Historical Aspects of the Pre-Columbian Intravalley Canal Systems of the Moche Valley, Peru, Journal of Field Archaeology, Vol. 12, No. 1 (Spring, 1985), pp. 77-98
Archaeology (15 works) · Geography (15 works) · Geology (13 works) · Engineering (8 works) · Water management and technologies (8 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (6 works) · Geotechnical engineering (6 works) · Ecology (5 works) · Maritime and Coastal Archaeology (5 works) · Paleontology (5 works)