John Paul Wright
Biographic Data
| ID | 295202 |
|---|---|
| NAME | John Paul Wright |
| GIVEN NAMES | John Paul |
| FAMILY NAME | Wright |
| SIGNATURE | WRIGHT J P |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Cincinnati |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 36 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 561 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 35 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1999 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2019 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
Political Disparities in the Academy
The enforcement of crime and virtue
Taking Stock
Conservatives Value Public Safety, Order and Victims, Liberals Have Undying Solicitude for Criminal Offenders
The place of the individual scientist along the scale of radicalism-conservatism has always had strong influences on both the selection of research problems and the conclusions drawn from research. In a sense, it is a master scale of biases in the social sciences. Myrdal (1944) Conservative Criminology: A Call to Restore Balance to the Social Sciences addresses the extent of, and problems associated with, liberal over-representation in the social…
Criminals in the Making
The authors are very well known in this small but growing subfield of criminology.They discuss biological and genetic research associated with criminality, as well as discuss research into specific environmental agents that cause, facilitate, or maintain criminal propensity. This text is geared for upper level undergraduate and graduate students in criminal justice and criminology, sociology, and psychology programs. Features and Benefits Introdu…
Mathematical Proof Is Not Minutiae and Irreducible Complexity Is Not a Theory
Cullen, Francis
Francis Cullen was born in Boston, MA, in 1951. He obtained his BS in psychology in 1972 from Bridgewater State University, his MA in sociology and education in 1974 from Columbia University, and his PhD in sociology and education in 1979 also from Columbia University. He was assistant and then associate professor at Western Illinois University from 1976 to 1982. He then moved to the University of Cincinnati, where he was first assistant professo…
Genetic and environmental influences on the co-occurrence of early academic achievement and externalizing behavior
Prior problem behavior accounts for the racial gap in school suspensions
Demonstrating the Validity of Twin Research in Criminology
In a recent article published in Criminology , Burt and Simons () claimed that the statistical violations of the classical twin design render heritability studies useless. Claiming quantitative genetics is “fatally flawed” and describing the results generated from these models as “preposterous,” Burt and Simons took the unprecedented step to call for abandoning heritability studies and their constituent findings. We show that their call for an “e…
More God, less crime
As Johnson points out, America is a uniquely religious country. Churches, religiously affiliated hospitals and schools, synagogues, temples, and mosques dot the country and are available in virtual
Dopaminergic polymorphisms and educational achievement
Although educational attainment has been found to be moderately heritable, research has yet to explore candidate genes for it. Drawing on data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, in the current study, we examined the association between polymorphisms in three dopaminergic genes (DAT1, DRD2, and DRD4), a dopamine index, and educational attainment. Statistically significant effects were found for DAT1, DRD2, DRD4, and the dop…
The stability of risk-seeking from adolescence to emerging adulthood
An interaction between perceived stress and 5HTTLPR genotype in the prediction of stable depressive symptomatology
A significant amount of research has examined the interaction between a functional polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (5HTTLPR) and stressful life events in the prediction of depression and depressive symptomatology. The results of these studies have produced conflicting evidence, with some studies substantiating a significant interaction and others failing to detect a significant interaction. The purpose of the current study was to a…
Teaching Biosocial Criminology I
Criminology is experiencing a paradigm shift in theory and research that articulates a more interdisciplinary, biosocial mode of inquiry. Unfortunately, however, graduate‐level criminal justice education rarely encompasses biosocial training. The current review is the first in a series of works that seeks to fill this biosocial training void by providing instruction on concepts in the biological sciences and neurosciences that have direct relevan…
Behavioral Stability as an Emergent Process
Nature and Nurture by Definition Means Both
Recognition of the interplay between nature and nurture is decades old in fields such as psychiatry, but other fields in the social sciences continue to be hampered by the idea that social and biological variables compete for explanatory relevance. In a recent study of the adolescent brain and risk taking, Males critiqued biologically oriented approaches as “biodeterminist” compared to environmentally friendly approaches. Here the authors suggest…
Gene—Environment Interplay and Delinquent Involvement
Behavioral genetic research has revealed that biogenic factors play a role in the development of antisocial behaviors. Much of this research has also explicated the way in which the environment and genes may combine to create different phenotypes. The authors draw heavily from this literature and use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to examine genetic and environmental effects on adolescent delinquent involvement. Th…
Interaction of 5HTTLPR and Marijuana Use on Property Offending
This study uses data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to examine whether a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (SHTTLPR) moderates the effects of marijuana use on property offending. The results reveal that 5HTTLPR interacts with marijuana use to predict significantly higher levels of property offending for African American females. The interaction coefficient is not statistically significant for Caucasian male…
Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use and Involvement in Violent Behavior in a Nationally Representative Sample of Young Adult Males in the United States
We examined the effects of anabolic-androgenic steroid use on serious violent behavior. Multivariate models based on data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 6823) were used to examine the association between lifetime and past-year self-reported anabolic-androgenic steroid use and involvement in violent acts. Compared with individuals who did not use steroids, young adult males who used anabolic-androgenic steroids repo…
The effect of school classroom characteristics on low self-control
The etiology of criminal onset
Genetic influences on the stability of low self-control
The Relationship Between Self‐control and Language
Converging lines of research suggest that self‐control and language may be inextricably linked. No empirical research has ever examined this proposition, however. We address this gap in the literature by analyzing a sample of twin pairs from a nationally representative data set of children. The results revealed three broad findings. First, diminished language skills were predictive of low self‐control both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally. Se…
A gene-based evolutionary explanation for the association between criminal involvement and number of sex partners
Empirical research has revealed a positive relationship between number of sex partners and involvement in antisocial behaviors. Most attempts to explain this association have taken an evolutionary perspective and argued that the same traits (e.g., impulsiveness, shortsightedness, and aggressiveness) that are related to a large number of sex partners are also related to criminal involvement However, there is also reason to believe that the covaria…
Strain, Personality Traits, and Delinquency
Although Agnew's (1992) general strain theory (GST) has secured a fair degree of support since its introduction, researchers have had trouble explaining why some individuals are more likely than others to react to strain with delinquency. This study uses data from the National Survey of Children to address this issue. Drawing on Agnew (1997) and the psychological research on personality traits, it is predicted that juveniles high in negative emot…
Do Parents Matter in Creating Self‐control in Their Children? A Genetically Informed Test of Gottfredson and Hirschi's Theory of Low Self‐control
Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime (1990) has generated an abundance of research testing the proposition that low self‐control is the main cause of crime and analogous behaviors. Less empirical work, however, has examined the factors that give rise to low self‐control. Gottfredson and Hirschi suggest that parents are the sole contributors for either fostering or thwarting low self‐control in their children, explicitly discounting t…
Parental Efficacy and Delinquent Behavior
Recently, the concept of “collective efficacy” has been advanced to understand how communities exert control and provide support to reduce crime. In a similar way, we use the concept of “parental efficacy” to highlight the crime reducing effects associated with parents who support and control their youth. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), we examine the inter‐relationship between parental controls and supports and …
Genetic influences on the stability of low self-control
Prior problem behavior accounts for the racial gap in school suspensions
Demonstrating the Validity of Twin Research in Criminology
In a recent article published in Criminology , Burt and Simons () claimed that the statistical violations of the classical twin design render heritability studies useless. Claiming quantitative genetics is “fatally flawed” and describing the results generated from these models as “preposterous,” Burt and Simons took the unprecedented step to call for abandoning heritability studies and their constituent findings. We show that their call for an “e…
Family social capital and delinquent involvement
Desistance from delinquency
The etiology of criminal onset
Mathematical Proof Is Not Minutiae and Irreducible Complexity Is Not a Theory
Gene—Environment Interplay and Delinquent Involvement
Behavioral genetic research has revealed that biogenic factors play a role in the development of antisocial behaviors. Much of this research has also explicated the way in which the environment and genes may combine to create different phenotypes. The authors draw heavily from this literature and use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to examine genetic and environmental effects on adolescent delinquent involvement. Th…
The Relationship Between Self‐control and Language
Converging lines of research suggest that self‐control and language may be inextricably linked. No empirical research has ever examined this proposition, however. We address this gap in the literature by analyzing a sample of twin pairs from a nationally representative data set of children. The results revealed three broad findings. First, diminished language skills were predictive of low self‐control both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally. Se…
The stability of risk-seeking from adolescence to emerging adulthood
Home Alone
Recently, conservative commentators and parenting experts have been outspoken about the potential negative effects of maternal employment. Specifically, there appears to be a pervasive belief that delinquency is one unfortunate consequence of maternal work. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), we examine whether the occupational status of mothers has criminogenic effects on their children. After tracing the effects of…
The effect of school classroom characteristics on low self-control
A Child Effects Explanation for the Association Between Family Risk and Involvement in an Antisocial Lifestyle
Most dominant theories of crime and criminality underscore the saliency of the family in the etiology of offending behaviors. Recently, a small pool of research has suggested that elements of the family, especially parents, do not have a lasting impact on children. This line of inquiry argues that once the effects that the child has on the family are taken into account, the relationship between family factors and child outcomes will be reduced su…
Juvenile Involvement in Occupational Delinquency
Although concern with white‐collar crime has grown considerably in recent years, little research has been undertaken on the workplace misconduct of juveniles. This omission is noteworthy because of the extensive involvement of youths in the labor market. Accordingly, based on a sample of high school seniors, we explored the determinants of youths' occupational delinquency. The analysis revealed that work‐related delinquency is affected both by un…
Nature and Nurture by Definition Means Both
Recognition of the interplay between nature and nurture is decades old in fields such as psychiatry, but other fields in the social sciences continue to be hampered by the idea that social and biological variables compete for explanatory relevance. In a recent study of the adolescent brain and risk taking, Males critiqued biologically oriented approaches as “biodeterminist” compared to environmentally friendly approaches. Here the authors suggest…
Elite versus citizen attitudes on capital punishment
Interaction of 5HTTLPR and Marijuana Use on Property Offending
This study uses data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to examine whether a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (SHTTLPR) moderates the effects of marijuana use on property offending. The results reveal that 5HTTLPR interacts with marijuana use to predict significantly higher levels of property offending for African American females. The interaction coefficient is not statistically significant for Caucasian male…
Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use and Involvement in Violent Behavior in a Nationally Representative Sample of Young Adult Males in the United States
We examined the effects of anabolic-androgenic steroid use on serious violent behavior. Multivariate models based on data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 6823) were used to examine the association between lifetime and past-year self-reported anabolic-androgenic steroid use and involvement in violent acts. Compared with individuals who did not use steroids, young adult males who used anabolic-androgenic steroids repo…
A gene-based evolutionary explanation for the association between criminal involvement and number of sex partners
Empirical research has revealed a positive relationship between number of sex partners and involvement in antisocial behaviors. Most attempts to explain this association have taken an evolutionary perspective and argued that the same traits (e.g., impulsiveness, shortsightedness, and aggressiveness) that are related to a large number of sex partners are also related to criminal involvement However, there is also reason to believe that the covaria…
Genetic and environmental influences on the co-occurrence of early academic achievement and externalizing behavior
Elite versus citizen attitudes on capital punishment
Juvenile Involvement in Occupational Delinquency
Although concern with white‐collar crime has grown considerably in recent years, little research has been undertaken on the workplace misconduct of juveniles. This omission is noteworthy because of the extensive involvement of youths in the labor market. Accordingly, based on a sample of high school seniors, we explored the determinants of youths' occupational delinquency. The analysis revealed that work‐related delinquency is affected both by un…
Family social capital and delinquent involvement
Parental Efficacy and Delinquent Behavior
Recently, the concept of “collective efficacy” has been advanced to understand how communities exert control and provide support to reduce crime. In a similar way, we use the concept of “parental efficacy” to highlight the crime reducing effects associated with parents who support and control their youth. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), we examine the inter‐relationship between parental controls and supports and …
Home Alone
Recently, conservative commentators and parenting experts have been outspoken about the potential negative effects of maternal employment. Specifically, there appears to be a pervasive belief that delinquency is one unfortunate consequence of maternal work. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), we examine whether the occupational status of mothers has criminogenic effects on their children. After tracing the effects of…
Strain, Personality Traits, and Delinquency
Although Agnew's (1992) general strain theory (GST) has secured a fair degree of support since its introduction, researchers have had trouble explaining why some individuals are more likely than others to react to strain with delinquency. This study uses data from the National Survey of Children to address this issue. Drawing on Agnew (1997) and the psychological research on personality traits, it is predicted that juveniles high in negative emot…
The Code of the Street
Based on extensive field research, Elijah Anderson argues that the behavior of many youths is influenced by a street culture or “code” that prescribes violent reactions to interpersonal attacks and shows of disrespect. Although Anderson’s account has been well received by the criminological community, questions remain about the validity and generality of his findings. To address these issues, the authors review other (mostly quantitative) studies…
Do Parents Matter in Creating Self‐control in Their Children? A Genetically Informed Test of Gottfredson and Hirschi's Theory of Low Self‐control
Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime (1990) has generated an abundance of research testing the proposition that low self‐control is the main cause of crime and analogous behaviors. Less empirical work, however, has examined the factors that give rise to low self‐control. Gottfredson and Hirschi suggest that parents are the sole contributors for either fostering or thwarting low self‐control in their children, explicitly discounting t…
Gender Differences in the Predictors of Juvenile Delinquency
At the heart of the gender-specificity debate is the argument that gender-neutral theories cannot adequately explain female delinquency. Instead, it has been asserted that theories should incorporate risk factors that capture females' unique experiences. In this context, the current study uses data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health to address the generality-specificity debate. The analysis includes variables not only from…
A Child Effects Explanation for the Association Between Family Risk and Involvement in an Antisocial Lifestyle
Most dominant theories of crime and criminality underscore the saliency of the family in the etiology of offending behaviors. Recently, a small pool of research has suggested that elements of the family, especially parents, do not have a lasting impact on children. This line of inquiry argues that once the effects that the child has on the family are taken into account, the relationship between family factors and child outcomes will be reduced su…
Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Use and Involvement in Violent Behavior in a Nationally Representative Sample of Young Adult Males in the United States
We examined the effects of anabolic-androgenic steroid use on serious violent behavior. Multivariate models based on data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (N = 6823) were used to examine the association between lifetime and past-year self-reported anabolic-androgenic steroid use and involvement in violent acts. Compared with individuals who did not use steroids, young adult males who used anabolic-androgenic steroids repo…
The effect of school classroom characteristics on low self-control
The etiology of criminal onset
Genetic influences on the stability of low self-control
The Relationship Between Self‐control and Language
Converging lines of research suggest that self‐control and language may be inextricably linked. No empirical research has ever examined this proposition, however. We address this gap in the literature by analyzing a sample of twin pairs from a nationally representative data set of children. The results revealed three broad findings. First, diminished language skills were predictive of low self‐control both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally. Se…
A gene-based evolutionary explanation for the association between criminal involvement and number of sex partners
Empirical research has revealed a positive relationship between number of sex partners and involvement in antisocial behaviors. Most attempts to explain this association have taken an evolutionary perspective and argued that the same traits (e.g., impulsiveness, shortsightedness, and aggressiveness) that are related to a large number of sex partners are also related to criminal involvement However, there is also reason to believe that the covaria…
Desistance from delinquency
Nature and Nurture by Definition Means Both
Recognition of the interplay between nature and nurture is decades old in fields such as psychiatry, but other fields in the social sciences continue to be hampered by the idea that social and biological variables compete for explanatory relevance. In a recent study of the adolescent brain and risk taking, Males critiqued biologically oriented approaches as “biodeterminist” compared to environmentally friendly approaches. Here the authors suggest…
Gene—Environment Interplay and Delinquent Involvement
Behavioral genetic research has revealed that biogenic factors play a role in the development of antisocial behaviors. Much of this research has also explicated the way in which the environment and genes may combine to create different phenotypes. The authors draw heavily from this literature and use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to examine genetic and environmental effects on adolescent delinquent involvement. Th…
Interaction of 5HTTLPR and Marijuana Use on Property Offending
This study uses data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to examine whether a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (SHTTLPR) moderates the effects of marijuana use on property offending. The results reveal that 5HTTLPR interacts with marijuana use to predict significantly higher levels of property offending for African American females. The interaction coefficient is not statistically significant for Caucasian male…
Teaching Biosocial Criminology I
Criminology is experiencing a paradigm shift in theory and research that articulates a more interdisciplinary, biosocial mode of inquiry. Unfortunately, however, graduate‐level criminal justice education rarely encompasses biosocial training. The current review is the first in a series of works that seeks to fill this biosocial training void by providing instruction on concepts in the biological sciences and neurosciences that have direct relevan…
Behavioral Stability as an Emergent Process
Dopaminergic polymorphisms and educational achievement
Although educational attainment has been found to be moderately heritable, research has yet to explore candidate genes for it. Drawing on data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, in the current study, we examined the association between polymorphisms in three dopaminergic genes (DAT1, DRD2, and DRD4), a dopamine index, and educational attainment. Statistically significant effects were found for DAT1, DRD2, DRD4, and the dop…
The stability of risk-seeking from adolescence to emerging adulthood
An interaction between perceived stress and 5HTTLPR genotype in the prediction of stable depressive symptomatology
A significant amount of research has examined the interaction between a functional polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene (5HTTLPR) and stressful life events in the prediction of depression and depressive symptomatology. The results of these studies have produced conflicting evidence, with some studies substantiating a significant interaction and others failing to detect a significant interaction. The purpose of the current study was to a…
Psychology (30 works) · Developmental psychology (23 works) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (19 works) · Social Psychology (16 works) · Criminology (15 works) · Sociology (14 works) · Medicine (13 works) · Social Psychology (12 works) · Computer Science (11 works) · Juvenile delinquency (10 works)