K M Carley
Biographic Data
| ID | 3094 |
|---|---|
| NAME | K M Carley |
| GIVEN NAMES | K M |
| FAMILY NAME | Carley |
| SIGNATURE | CARLEY K M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Carnegie Mellon University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6356-0238 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 91 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 627 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 91 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1986 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 10 |
A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis of Insider Threat Scholarship
BotSim
Societies can become a conspiratorial society where there is a majority of humans that believe, and therefore spread, conspiracy theories.Artificial intelligence gave rise to social media bots that can spread conspiracies in an automated fashion.Currently, organizations combat the spread of conspiracies through manual fact-checking processes and the dissemination of counter-narratives.However, the effects of harnessing the same automation to crea…
An organizational form framework to measure and interpret online polarization
As social media becomes more ingrained in political and social discourse around the world, the need for systematic measures and interpretations of online polarization grows. In this work, we introduce five major organizational forms of community-level polarization and nine subforms to support comparison of community dynamics in controversial discussions across time, platforms, languages, and domains. We propose a multi-dimensional social network …
Cyborgs for strategic communication on social media
Social media platforms are a key ground of information consumption and dissemination. Key figures like politicians, celebrities, and activists have leveraged on its wide user base for strategic communication. Strategic communications, or StratCom, is the deliberate act of information creation and distribution. Its techniques are used by key figures for establishing brand and amplifying messages. Automated scripts are used on top of personal touch…
Analyzing digital propaganda and conflict rhetoric
The dissemination of disinformation has become a formidable weapon, with nation-states exploiting social media platforms to engineer narratives favorable to their geopolitical interests. This study delved into Russia’s orchestrated disinformation campaign, in three times periods of the 2022 Russian-Ukraine War: its incursion, its midpoint and the Ukrainian Kherson counteroffensive. This period is marked by a sophisticated blend of bot-driven stra…
Assembling a multi-platform ensemble social bot detector with applications to US 2020 elections
Bots have been in the spotlight for many social media studies, for they have been observed to be participating in the manipulation of information and opinions on social media. These studies analyzed the activity and influence of bots in a variety of contexts: elections, protests, health communication and so forth. Prior to this analyzes is the identification of bot accounts to segregate the class of social media users. In this work, we propose an…
Non-credibility scores
Pink slime news sites are politically polarized Web sites controlled by partisan national organizations that masquerade as local news. Instead of authentic community reporting, these sites rely on automated algorithms and APIs to fill in news articles between their politically charged messaging aimed at influencing votes. Over 1,000 of these sites have been identified, and the creator of the largest pink slime organization, Metric Media, has a go…
What News Is Shared Where and How
News journalism has evolved from traditional print media to social media, with a large proportion of readers consuming their news via digital means. Through an analysis of over 1.3 million posts across three social media platforms (Facebook, Twitter, Reddit) pertaining to the 2022 U.S. Midterm Elections, this analysis examines the difference in sharing patterns for four types of news sites—Real News, Local News, Low Credibility News, and Pink Sli…
Indicators of the formation of precedent at the International Court of Justice
This study expands upon prior analysis of the case citation network of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) by demonstrating that reverse page-rank outperforms hub and authority score in identifying significant sources of precedent. Application of reverse page-rank reveals that though ICJ decisions that are well grounded in prior cases tend to become more important sources of precedent, this relationship is weak when compared to the US Suprem…
An agent-based model of cross-platform information diffusion and moderation
Social media platforms are highly interconnected because many users maintain a presence across multiple platforms. Consequently, efforts to limit the spread of misinformation taken by individual platforms can have complex consequences on misinformation diffusion across the social media ecosystem. This is further complicated by the diverse social structures, platform standards, and moderation mechanisms provided on each platform. We study this iss…
Identifying cross-platform user relationships in 2020 U.S. election fraud and protest discussions
Understanding how social media users interact with each other and spread information across multiple platforms is critical for developing effective methods for promoting truthful information and disrupting misinformation, as well as accurately simulating multi-platform information diffusion. This work explores five approaches for identifying relationships between users involved in cross-platform information spread. We use a combination of user at…
Gender dynamics on Twitter during the 2020 U.S. Democratic presidential primary
The Twitter social network for each of the top five U.S. Democratic presidential candidates in 2020 was analyzed to determine if there were any differences in the treatment of the candidates. This data set was collected from discussions of the presidential primary between December 2019 through April 2020. It was then separated into five sets, one for each candidate. We found that the most discussed candidates, President Biden and Senator Sanders,…
Popping the hood on Chinese balloons
In this study, we examined online conversations on Twitter about a Chinese balloon spotted over U.S. airspace in January 2023. We investigated the conversations between U.S.-based, China-based and accounts from the rest of the world. We also studied the difference between bots and human accounts within these conversations. We found that U.S.-based accounts referred to the balloon as a surveillance balloon, China-based accounts focused on the shoo…
A combined synchronization index for evaluating collective action social media
Social media has provided a citizen voice, giving rise to grassroots collective action, where users deploy a concerted effort to disseminate online narratives and even carry out offline protests. Sometimes these collective action are aided by inorganic synchronization, which arise from bot actors. It is thus important to identify the synchronicity of emerging discourse on social media and the indications of organic/inorganic activity within the c…
Vulnerable, threat and influencer characterisation for radicalisation risk assessment
Past work on key actor detection in the area of terrorism typically focuses on the identification of Threats i.e. users with overt radical signals, or Influencers i.e. users who communicate a high volume of tweets and receive a high volume of replies from their followers. In this work, we expanded the detection of key actors to include Vulnerables, Threats and Influencers who displayed consistent behaviours and incorporated the social-level metri…
Multi-Modal Networks Reveal Patterns of Operational Similarity of Terrorist Organizations
Capturing dynamics of operational similarity among terrorist groups is critical to provide actionable insights for counter-terrorism and intelligence monitoring. Yet, in spite of its theoretical and practical relevance, research addressing this problem is currently lacking. We tackle this problem proposing a novel computational framework for detecting clusters of terrorist groups sharing similar behaviors, focusing on groups’ yearly repertoire of…
From curious hashtags to polarized effect
Cross-platform information spread during the January 6th capitol riots
Social media has become an integral component of the modern information system. An average person typically has multiple accounts across different platforms. At the same time, the rise of social media facilitates the spread of online mis/disinformation narratives within and across these platforms. In this study, we characterize the coordinated information dissemination of information laden with mis- and disinformation narratives within and across…
How disinformation operations against Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny influence the international audience on Twitter
Bots Amplify and Redirect Hate Speech in Online Discourse About Racism During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Online talk about racism has been salient throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet while such social media conversations reflect existing tensions in the offline world, the same discourse has also become a target for information operations aiming to heighten social divisions. This article examines Twitter discussions of racism in the first and sixth months since COVID-19 was accorded pandemic status by the World Health Organization and uncovers dyna…
Disrupted Care Continuity
Children with autism situated in lower income families often receive intensive educational interventions as their primary form of treatment, due to financial barriers for community interventions. However, the continuity of care can be disrupted by school transitions. The quality of social relationships during the transition to a new school among parents, school staff and community providers, called the team-around-the-child (TAC), can potentially…
Heated conversations in a warming world
Hunting Conspiracy Theories During the Covid-19 Pandemic
The fear of the unknown combined with the isolation generated by COVID-19 has created a fertile environment for strong disinformation, otherwise known as conspiracy theories, to flourish. Because conspiracy theories often contain a kernel of truth and feature a strong adversarial 'other,' they serve as the perfect vehicle for maligned actors to use in influence campaigns. To explore the importance of conspiracies in the spread of dis-/mis-informa…
Exploring the stability of communication network metrics in a dynamic nursing context
Network stability is of increasing interest to researchers as they try to understand the dynamic processes by which social networks form and evolve. Because hospital patient care units (PCUs) need flexibility to adapt to environmental changes (Vardaman, Cornell, & Clancy, 2012), their networks are unlikely to be uniformly stable and will evolve over time. This study aimed to identify a metric (or set of metrics) sufficiently stable to apply to PC…
Building a soft skill taxonomy from job openings
A Theory of Group Stability
The interaction of size and density with graph-level indices
An approach for relating social structure to cognitive structure
It is proposed that the decision making process is intrinsically formulative in nature; i.e., for the individual the crux of the process is in the development of a frame, a knowledge base, that can be used to make the decision, rather than the evaluation of the alternatives ’per se’. A two stage model of decision making is forwarded. In the first stage the individual develops his frame. This is the critical, formulative, stage and dependent on th…
Extracting culture through textual analysis
Extracting, Representing, and Analyzing Mental Models
Journal Article Extracting, Representing, and Analyzing Mental Models Get access Kathleen Carley, Kathleen Carley Carnegie Mellon University Direct correspondence to Kathleen Carley, Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Michael Palmquist Michael Palmquist Colorado State University Search for other works by this author …
Coding Choices for Textual Analysis
Content and map analysis, procedures for coding and understanding texts, are described and contrasted. Where content analysis focuses on the extraction of concepts from texts, map analysis focuses on the extraction of both concepts and the relationships among them. Map analysis thus subsumes content analysis. Coding choices that must be made prior to employing content-analytic procedures are enumerated, as are additional coding choices necessary …
Semantic Connectivity
We argue that the notions of “symbol” and “symbolic connectivity” can be rigorously developed both from the point of view of the theoretical literature on the symbol and from the point of view of semantic network theory. The theoretical literature, inspired mainly by the literary metaphor, typically takes interpretive density as the chief dimension underlying symbolic expression. Density measures have also dominated the analysis of semantic netwo…
Communication Technologies and their Effect on Cultural Homogeneity, Consensus, and the Diffusion of New Ideas
A view of communication technologies as creating artificial agents and affecting the information-processing capabilities of agents is forwarded The constructural theory is adapted to account for agents varying in their information-processing capabilities and, hence, to account for technology. Given this theoretical modification, the constructural model is used to examine the impact of different communication technologies and sociocultural landsca…
The nature of the social agent
We pose the question, What is necessary to build an artificial social agent? Current theories of cognition provide an analytical tool for peeling away what is understood about individual cognition so as to reveal wherein lies the social. We fractionate a set of agent characteristics to describe a Model Social Agent. The fractionation matrix is, itself, a set of increasingly inclusive models, each one a more adequate description of the social agen…
The value of cognitive foundations for dynamic social theory
It is possible to develop models of social behavior that are predicated on detailed mechanical models of cognition. Cognitively based social models are potentially unified theoretical frameworks that can be used to explain a wide variety of social phenomena. Moreover, if a knowledge representation scheme and a knowledge acquisition scheme are specified in the underlying cognitive model then it is possible to produce a dynamic social model. The re…
Electronic Mail and Scientific Communication
A new type of scientific research group is emerging-the extended research group (a large number of geographically dispersed researchers working together in a coordinated fashion). This article describes the roles that various modes of communication (such as face-to-face discussion and EMail), types of information communicated, and types of social ties played in the communication behavior of one such group, computer analysts and programmers workin…
Formalizing the Social Expert's Knowledge
Certain types of data, for example, texts and free-form interviews, tend to lend themselves to being analyzed in a qualitative fashion because they are hard to interpret and hence code. The ability to analyze and code such data often requires one to have an in-depth knowledge of the sociocultural environment related to this protocol, to be, in effect, a social expert. Social expertise involves both knowing more than the novice about the sociocult…
Trends in science networks
Network Structure in Virtual Organizations
Virtual organizations that use email to communicate and coordinate their work toward a common goal are becoming ubiquitous. However, little is known about how these organizations work. Much prior research suggests that virtual organizations, for the most part because they use information technology to communicate, will be decentralized and non-hierarchical. This paper examines the behavior of one such organization. The analysis is based on a case…
Structural constraints on communication
Within an organizational environment there are a variety of communication channels through which information can and does diffuse. One's view about the nature of information affects which type of communication channel is expected to be most effective for diffusion. Further, each type of communication channel defines a structure within the organization. In order to determine the relative impact of various communication channels on the diffusion of…
A structural perspective on the emergence of network organizations
A network analytic approach to the study of organizational response to crises is used to determine the existence and form of integrated crisis management units (ICMUs). ICMUs are network organizations that emerge in response to severe crises such as major oil spills, earthquakes, hurricanes and other natural and man made disasters. Although ICMUs have received considerable attention from scholars in the form of empirical case studies, much remain…
Models for network evolution
This paper describes mathematical models for network evolution when ties (edges) are directed and the node set is xed. Each of these models implies a speci c type of departure from the standard null binomial model. We provide statistical tests that, in keeping with these models, are sensitive to particular types of departures from the null. Each model (and associated test) discussed follows directly from one or more socio-cognitive theories about…
Artificial Intelligence within Sociology
The potential linkages between artificial intelligence and sociology are growing. This growth is due to importation of artificial intelligence techniques into methodological tools for data analysis, a growing interest among researchers in artificial intelligence in the socially situated agent, and a growing interest among sociologists in using artificial intelligence techniques for theorizing about social phenomena. Increasingly, researchers are …
A social-event based approach to sentiment analysis of identities and behaviors in text
Kenneth Josepha*, Wei Weia, Matthew Benignia & Kathleen M. Carleyaa Societal Computing Program, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
An approach to identifying consensus in a subfield
Organizational Learning Under Fire
Changing patterns of communication among scientists in an era of “telescience”
Bots Amplify and Redirect Hate Speech in Online Discourse About Racism During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Online talk about racism has been salient throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet while such social media conversations reflect existing tensions in the offline world, the same discourse has also become a target for information operations aiming to heighten social divisions. This article examines Twitter discussions of racism in the first and sixth months since COVID-19 was accorded pandemic status by the World Health Organization and uncovers dyna…
Modeling Organizational Adaptation as a Simulated Annealing Process
Organizations can be characterized as complex systems composed of adaptive and intelligent agents. Organizational adaptation occurs through restructuring and learning. Organizations can be modeled using a dual-level model in which restructuring is modeled as a simulated annealing process and individual learning is modeled using a stochastic learning model and boundedly rational agents. Such a model is presented, and its behavior is illustrated us…
Sociology
Computational organization theory is a growing interdisciplinary area centered on the development of organization theory through the use of computational techniques. Research in this area grows out of work in many scientific areas including sociology, psychology, classic organization theory, and distributed artificial intelligence. The research in this area is united by a view of organizations as collections of processes and intelligent adaptive …
An approach for relating social structure to cognitive structure
It is proposed that the decision making process is intrinsically formulative in nature; i.e., for the individual the crux of the process is in the development of a frame, a knowledge base, that can be used to make the decision, rather than the evaluation of the alternatives ’per se’. A two stage model of decision making is forwarded. In the first stage the individual develops his frame. This is the critical, formulative, stage and dependent on th…
Formalizing the Social Expert's Knowledge
Certain types of data, for example, texts and free-form interviews, tend to lend themselves to being analyzed in a qualitative fashion because they are hard to interpret and hence code. The ability to analyze and code such data often requires one to have an in-depth knowledge of the sociocultural environment related to this protocol, to be, in effect, a social expert. Social expertise involves both knowing more than the novice about the sociocult…
The value of cognitive foundations for dynamic social theory
It is possible to develop models of social behavior that are predicated on detailed mechanical models of cognition. Cognitively based social models are potentially unified theoretical frameworks that can be used to explain a wide variety of social phenomena. Moreover, if a knowledge representation scheme and a knowledge acquisition scheme are specified in the underlying cognitive model then it is possible to produce a dynamic social model. The re…
Changing patterns of communication among scientists in an era of “telescience”
Structural constraints on communication
Within an organizational environment there are a variety of communication channels through which information can and does diffuse. One's view about the nature of information affects which type of communication channel is expected to be most effective for diffusion. Further, each type of communication channel defines a structure within the organization. In order to determine the relative impact of various communication channels on the diffusion of…
Electronic Mail and Scientific Communication
A new type of scientific research group is emerging-the extended research group (a large number of geographically dispersed researchers working together in a coordinated fashion). This article describes the roles that various modes of communication (such as face-to-face discussion and EMail), types of information communicated, and types of social ties played in the communication behavior of one such group, computer analysts and programmers workin…
A Theory of Group Stability
Extracting, Representing, and Analyzing Mental Models
Journal Article Extracting, Representing, and Analyzing Mental Models Get access Kathleen Carley, Kathleen Carley Carnegie Mellon University Direct correspondence to Kathleen Carley, Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Michael Palmquist Michael Palmquist Colorado State University Search for other works by this author …
Social networks as normal science ∗
Semantic Connectivity
We argue that the notions of “symbol” and “symbolic connectivity” can be rigorously developed both from the point of view of the theoretical literature on the symbol and from the point of view of semantic network theory. The theoretical literature, inspired mainly by the literary metaphor, typically takes interpretive density as the chief dimension underlying symbolic expression. Density measures have also dominated the analysis of semantic netwo…
Scientific Influence
Researchers in scientific specialties and invisible colleges tend to cite each other in their written communications and especially in the Journals devoted to those specialities Such citations form a network through which there are many influence paths The main paths through such citation networks contain the key intellectual developments in these scientific fields If a specialty hangs together as a coherent field of research, one would expect th…
Coding Choices for Textual Analysis
Content and map analysis, procedures for coding and understanding texts, are described and contrasted. Where content analysis focuses on the extraction of concepts from texts, map analysis focuses on the extraction of both concepts and the relationships among them. Map analysis thus subsumes content analysis. Coding choices that must be made prior to employing content-analytic procedures are enumerated, as are additional coding choices necessary …
Nonparametric inference for network data
Various theoretical concerns often require researchers to answer questions of the form does co‐membership in a group predict other ties between those individuals. Data appropriate for answering such a question often is referred to as network data. Network data exhibits row‐column dependencies that often invalidate traditional statistical methods for doing group comparisons such as analysis of variance and the Kruskal‐Wallis Procedure. Because of …
Communication at a Distance
Artificial Social Intelligence
Sociologists have begun to explore the gains for theory and research that might be achieved by artificial intelligence technology: symbolic processors, expert systems, neural networks, genetic algorithms, and classifier systems. The first major accomplishments of artificial social intelligence (ASI) have been in the realm of theory, where these techniques have inspired new theories as well as helping to render existing theories more rigorous. Two…
Sociology
Computational organization theory is a growing interdisciplinary area centered on the development of organization theory through the use of computational techniques. Research in this area grows out of work in many scientific areas including sociology, psychology, classic organization theory, and distributed artificial intelligence. The research in this area is united by a view of organizations as collections of processes and intelligent adaptive …
The nature of the social agent
We pose the question, What is necessary to build an artificial social agent? Current theories of cognition provide an analytical tool for peeling away what is understood about individual cognition so as to reveal wherein lies the social. We fractionate a set of agent characteristics to describe a Model Social Agent. The fractionation matrix is, itself, a set of increasingly inclusive models, each one a more adequate description of the social agen…
Extracting culture through textual analysis
Models for evolving fixed node networks
Dycorp
In an attempt to systematically address what factors affect organizational performance, we built a dynamic computational framework for examining organizational performance in which organizations are composed of intelligent adaptive agents. Using this framework the user can contrast organizations with different designs, existing in different task environments, and subject to different stresses. We demonstrate the value of this model by examining h…
Radar‐soar
Radar‐Soar, an artificial organization composed of intelligent agents, is crafted out of multiple interconnected modules—one of each agent, one of the organizational design (structure plus process), and one of the task. Each agent is based on a sophisticated model of cognition, i.e., Soar. Using Radar‐Soar we demonstrate how insight into organizational (and so social) behavior can be gained using computational models that take a meso‐approach to …
Communication Technologies and their Effect on Cultural Homogeneity, Consensus, and the Diffusion of New Ideas
A view of communication technologies as creating artificial agents and affecting the information-processing capabilities of agents is forwarded The constructural theory is adapted to account for agents varying in their information-processing capabilities and, hence, to account for technology. Given this theoretical modification, the constructural model is used to examine the impact of different communication technologies and sociocultural landsca…
Cognitive inconsistencies and non-symmetric friendship
Communicating new ideas
Models for network evolution
This paper describes mathematical models for network evolution when ties (edges) are directed and the node set is xed. Each of these models implies a speci c type of departure from the standard null binomial model. We provide statistical tests that, in keeping with these models, are sensitive to particular types of departures from the null. Each model (and associated test) discussed follows directly from one or more socio-cognitive theories about…
Computer Science (77 works) · Psychology (32 works) · Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence (31 works) · Sociology (31 works) · Artificial Intelligence (30 works) · Political science (28 works) · Complex Network Analysis Techniques (27 works) · Social media (23 works) · Mathematics (19 works) · World Wide Web (18 works)