D Williams
Biographic Data
| ID | 3180 |
|---|---|
| NAME | D Williams |
| GIVEN NAMES | D |
| FAMILY NAME | Williams |
| SIGNATURE | WILLIAMS D |
| AFFILIATIONS | Rocky Mountain Research Station |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9774-2910 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 85 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 858 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 84 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1915 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 14 |
Response to Reynolds et al. (2024), Accurately Characterizing Climate Change Scenario Planning in the U.S. National Park Service
Bridging senses of place and mobilities scholarships to inform social-ecological systems governance
Uncertainty and change are increasingly commonplace as communities respond to impacts of social-ecological change including climate change, and dangerous levels of pollution. Given the extent of these crises, new approaches are needed to support responses. Here we identify challenges and discuss insights that the nexus of Senses of place (SoP) and mobilities research offers in navigating such uncertainty. We conducted a two-round Delphi, followed…
The marketplace of rationalizations
Recent work in economics has rediscovered the importance of belief-based utility for understanding human behaviour. Belief ‘choice’ is subject to an important constraint, however: people can only bring themselves to believe things for which they can find rationalizations. When preferences for similar beliefs are widespread, this constraint generates rationalization markets, social structures in which agents compete to produce rationalizations in …
Ecologically Sustainable Design of Outdoor Spaces
The methods of dealing with and designing outdoor spaces differ according to different times, environmental conditions and societies. The pursuit of pleasure and joy from behind these designs achieve sustainable ecological values in design with care for the ecological environment. Given the local reality experienced in outdoor spaces and the pursuit of balance with Nature, the designers of outdoor spaces must recognize the role of these values an…
The case for partisan motivated reasoning
A large body of research in political science claims that the way in which democratic citizens think about politics is motivationally biased by partisanship. Numerous critics argue that the evidence for this claim is better explained by theories in which party allegiances influence political cognition without motivating citizens to embrace biased beliefs. This article has three aims. First, I clarify this criticism, explain why common responses t…
Identity-Defining Beliefs on Social Media
When membership of a community depends on commitment to shared beliefs, the community is a belief-based coalition, and the beliefs are identity-defining beliefs. Belief-based coalitions are pervasive features of human social life and routinely drive motivated cognition and epistemically dysfunctional group dynamics. Despite this, they remain surprisingly undertheorized in social epistemology. This article (i) clarifies the properties of belief-ba…
Signalling, commitment, and strategic absurdities
Why do well‐functioning psychological systems sometimes give rise to absurd beliefs that are radically misaligned with reality? Drawing on signalling theory, I develop and explore the hypothesis that groups often embrace beliefs that are viewed as absurd by outsiders as a means of signalling ingroup commitment. I clarify the game‐theoretic and psychological underpinnings of this hypothesis, I contrast it with similar proposals about the signallin…
Is the brain an organ for free energy minimisation
Two striking claims are advanced on behalf of the free energy principle (FEP) in cognitive science and philosophy: (i) that it identifies a condition of the possibility of existence for self-organising systems; and (ii) that it has important implications for our understanding of how the brain works, defining a set of process theories—roughly, theories of the structure and functions of neural mechanisms—consistent with the free energy minimising i…
Análisis de materiales formativos sobre emprendimiento y Economía Social con base en la experiencia de los centros docentes de Educación Secundaria y Formación Profesional
nos y profesores que ayuden al conocimiento de la materia en las aulas.La metodologa utilizada para conseguirlo ha sido la aplicacin de un cuestionario web enviado a los centros docentes para su respuesta por parte del profesorado afectado.Se ha constatado el escaso
Socially adaptive belief
I clarify and defend the hypothesis that human belief formation is sensitive to social rewards and punishments, such that beliefs are sometimes formed based on unconscious expectations of their likely effects on other agents – agents who frequently reward us when we hold ungrounded beliefs and punish us when we hold reasonable ones. After clarifying this phenomenon and distinguishing it from other sources of bias in the psychological literature, …
Imaginative Constraints and Generative Models
How can imagination generate knowledge when its contents are voluntarily determined? Several philosophers have recently answered this question by pointing to the constraints that underpin imagination when it plays knowledge-generating roles. Nevertheless, little has been said about the nature of these constraints. In this paper, I argue that the constraints that underpin sensory imagination come from the structure of causal probabilistic generati…
Motivated ignorance, rationality, and democratic politics
When the costs of acquiring knowledge outweigh the benefits of possessing it, ignorance is rational. In this paper I clarify and explore a related but more neglected phenomenon: cases in which ignorance is motivated by the anticipated costs of possessing knowledge, not acquiring it. The paper has four aims. First, I describe the psychological and social factors underlying this phenomenon of motivated ignorance. Second, I describe those conditions…
Addressing embodied inequities in health
Objective: To disrupt cycles of health inequity, traceable to dietary inequities in the earliest stages of life, public health interventions should target improving nutritional wellbeing in preconception/pregnancy environments. This requires a deep engagement with pregnant/postpartum people (PPP) and their communities (including their health and social care providers, HSCP). We sought to understand the factors that influence diet during pregnancy…
Support for regulatory and voluntary approaches to wildfire adaptation among unincorporated wildland-urban interface communities
Predictive coding and thought
Predictive processing has recently been advanced as a global cognitive architecture for the brain. I argue that its commitments concerning the nature and format of cognitive representation are inadequate to account for two basic characteristics of conceptual thought: first, its generality—the fact that we can think and flexibly reason about phenomena at any level of spatial and temporal scale and abstraction; second, its rich compositionality—the…
Between fixities and flows
This paper develops a theoretical argument for how place attachments are forged and become dynamically linked to increasingly common mobility practices. First, we argue that mobilities, rather than negating the importance of place, shift our understanding of place and the habitual ways we relate to and bond with places as distinct from a conception of place attachment premised on fixity and stability. Second, we document how the body of research …
Socio-economic variations in the mental health treatment gap for people with anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders
Background The treatment gap between the number of people with mental disorders and the number treated represents a major public health challenge. We examine this gap by socio-economic status (SES; indicated by family income and respondent education) and service sector in a cross-national analysis of community epidemiological survey data. Methods Data come from 16 753 respondents with 12-month DSM-IV disorders from community surveys in 25 countri…
Hierarchical Bayesian models of delusion
Action, affordances, and anorexia
From symbols to icons
We argue that one important aspect of the "cognitive neuroscience revolution" identified by Boone and Piccinini (Synthese 193(5):1509-1534
Posttraumatic stress disorder in the World Mental Health Surveys
Background Traumatic events are common globally; however, comprehensive population-based cross-national data on the epidemiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the paradigmatic trauma-related mental disorder, are lacking. Methods Data were analyzed from 26 population surveys in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys. A total of 71 083 respondents ages 18+ participated. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview …
Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare Vol. 44 No. 3
Experiences and Responses to Microaggressions on Historically White Campuses: A Qualitative Interpretive Meta-Synthesis- Y. Kafi Moragne-Patterson and Tracey M. Barnett Civic Engagement and Institutional Trust among South Africans- Yoosun Chu and Ce Shen How the Immigration and Deportation Systems Work: A Social Worker’s Guide- Carol Cleaveland Immigrant Health Disparities: Does Neighborliness Improve Health?- Kofi Danso Are Older Adults Who Part…
Engaging Communities and Climate Change Futures with Multi-Scale, Iterative Scenario Building (Misb) in the Western United States
Current projections of future climate change foretell potentially transformative ecological changes that threaten communities globally. Using two case studies from the United States Intermountain West, this article highlights the ways in which a better articulation between theory and methods in research design can generate proactive applied tools that enable locally grounded dialogue about the future, including key vulnerabilities and potential a…
Competing Against Multinationals in Emerging Markets
Making sense of ‘place’
Beyond the commodity metaphor
In contrast to the dominant multiattribute commodity view of outdoor recreation settings, wilderness users are described as having emotional and symbolic ties to the setting that are manifested as attachment to the site and the wilderness concept. Data from four wilderness areas show stronger place and wilderness attachment to be associated with previous visits, rural residence, a setting (as opposed to activity or group) focus, visiting alone an…
Income dynamics and adult mortality in the United States, 1972 through 1989
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine relationships between income and mortality, focusing on the predictive utility of single-year and multiyear measures of income, the shape of the income gradient in mortality, trends in this gradient over time, the impact of income change on mortality, and the joint effects of income and age, race, and sex on mortality risk. METHODS: Data were taken from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics for the ye…
Identity Affirmation through Leisure Activities
Individuals affirm the nature of their identities through a variety of mechanisms, including selection of and participation in leisure activities. Through leisure activities we are able to construct situations that provide us with information that we are who we believe ourselves to be, and provide others with information that will allow them to understand us more accurately. This paper describes two studies that explore the role of leisure activi…
Characterizing the Influence of Past Experience on Recreation Behavior
The extent of previous participation in recreational pursuits can serve as an indicator of the amount and type of information a person draws on to make decisions concerning leisure behavior. Differing patterns of participation may suggest variation in the reasons for engaging in the same type of activity. Data from a national survey of river recreationists were used to study the effects of differing amounts and types of previous experience on var…
Understanding the Role of Ethnicity in Outdoor Recreation Experiences
Outdoor recreation on national forests near large urban centers is changing and diversifying as users of many ethnic and racial backgrounds increasingly choose urban-proximate forests as recreation sites. These changes are particularly evident on the national forests of Southern California where relatively undeveloped riparian sites are popular among individuals of Hispanic descent for picnicking, barbecuing, and wading/swimming in small streams.…
An Hermeneutic Approach to Studying the Nature of Wilderness Experiences
The most prevalent approach to understanding recreation experiences in resource management has been a motivational research program that views satisfaction as an appropriate indicator of experience quality. This research explores a different approach to studying the quality of recreation experiences. Rather than viewing recreation experiences as a linear sequence of events beginning with expectations and ending with outcomes that are then cogniti…
Leisure Identities, Globalization, and the Politics of Place
As a particularly modern modality for making and resisting claims about the use and meaning of places leisure has a prominent role in the politics of place. This is particularly evident in land use politics in the western U.S., which serves as a launching point for examining the ways in which leisure makes competing claims on a place. Within leisure studies initial interest in place ideas focused on leisure places as sources of identification and…
River Float Trip Encounter Norms
Recreationists' norms about acceptable use levels and impacts can help managers make appropriate and defensible decisions. To be useful, a large percentage of recreationists must have norms and there must be shared agreement or consensus among the norms. Contrary to the stated or implied findings of recent published research, fewer than half of the New River whitewater rafters in our study had norms about appropriate encounter levels for most typ…
The Effect of the Experience Use History on the Multidimensional Structure of Motivations to Participate in Leisure Activities
The purpose of this paper was to determine the extent to which experience level affects the factor structure of motivations to participate in leisure activities. Data were part of the National River Recreation Study database which included 3181 river floaters from 13 river settings. Factor analyses of responses to a 36-item set of Recreation Experience Preference (REP) scales were performed separately for each of six categories of Experience Use …
The Effect of Norm-Encounter Compatability On Crowding Perceptions, Experience and Behavior in River Recreation Settings
The concept of social norms has been used to identify the acceptable levels of use for outdoor recreation settings. Little research, however, has addressed whether norms are the basis of evaluations of the social conditions and quality of the experience. This study of recreational floaters of the New River Gorge National River, West Virginia, examines whether differences between stated norms and reported encounters influences perceptions of crowd…
Environmental Meaning and Ecosystem Management
The contribution of human dimensions research to the ecological paradigm emerging in natural resource management involves the development of contextually rich, and spatially and historically specific, understandings of places. As an eclectic and integrative field of inquiry, environmental psychology offers a growing body of research that promotes a view of the person as a social agent who seeks out and creates meaning in the environment. As devel…
Increasing state market share through a regional positioning
The Influence of Past Experience on Wilderness Choice
A study of Southern Appalachian backcountry hikers tested the hypothesis that recreationists with high experience levels would have greater differentiation of site attribute values when making recreation choices than would individuals with low experience. Contrary to cognitive development theory, a simulated laboratory choice study found that more experienced subjects employed fewer and broader attribute value categories than did their less exper…
Paradigms and problems
Increasingly, natural resource management is seeing calls for new paradigms. These calls pose challenges that have implications not only for planning and management, but also for the practice of science. As a consequence, the profession needs to deepen its understanding of the nature of science by exploring recent advances in the philosophy of science. We believe that one of the problems inhibiting a better understanding of science is a strongly …
The Nature of Conflict Between Hikers and Recreational Stock Users in the John Muir Wilderness
The purpose of this research was to determine the extent of conflict between hikers and recreational stock users in a Sierra Nevada wilderness and to test the relative importance of various hypothetical predictors of conflict using multiple conflict measures. A survey of hikers and recreational stock users of the John Muir Wilderness in California revealed the ability to predict expression of conflict was high using measures of definition of plac…
Exploring Early Twenty-First Century Developed Forest Camping Experiences and Meanings
This study examines experiences and associated meanings of 38 family groups participating in developed camping. The analysis is guided by discursive social psychology in which expressed meanings reflect interpretive frames campers use to explain experiences. Key elements of camping experience include nature, social interaction, and comfort/convenience. The most common associated meanings are restoration, family functioning, experiencing nature, s…
An evaluation of the impact of maternity care coordination on Medicaid birth outcomes in North Carolina
BACKGROUND. Care coordination is an important component of the enhanced prenatal care services provided under the recent expansions of the Medicaid program. The effect of maternity care coordination services on birth outcomes in North Carolina was assessed by comparing women on Medicaid who did and did not receive these services. METHODS. Health program data files, including Medicaid claims paid for maternity care coordination, were linked to 198…
The Odyssey of the Philippine Commission
Structural Equation Modeling of Users' Response to Wilderness Recreation Fees
This paper examines wilderness users' response to recently established overnight camping fees at the Desolation Wilderness in California. Fee program evaluations have typically focused on economic or revenue issues, distributional or equity impacts of various pricing strategies, and questions of price fairness. In the case of wilderness recreation fees, it is also important to recognize the complex public purpose of wilderness and the long histor…
Motivated ignorance, rationality, and democratic politics
When the costs of acquiring knowledge outweigh the benefits of possessing it, ignorance is rational. In this paper I clarify and explore a related but more neglected phenomenon: cases in which ignorance is motivated by the anticipated costs of possessing knowledge, not acquiring it. The paper has four aims. First, I describe the psychological and social factors underlying this phenomenon of motivated ignorance. Second, I describe those conditions…
From symbols to icons
We argue that one important aspect of the "cognitive neuroscience revolution" identified by Boone and Piccinini (Synthese 193(5):1509-1534
Problems in Place
Researchers continue to explore the nature of place meanings and especially how these meanings are created, disseminated and contested. This paper uses the conceptual framework of discursive social psychology to identify varying interpretive frames homeowners use to characterize the meaning and significance of their seasonal homes as vacation and recreation residences. Among the frames are refuge from modern life, the importance or centrality of …
"Whiting out" white privilege will not advance the study of how racism harms health
"Whiting out" white privilege will not advance the study of how racism harms health. N Krieger, D Williams, and S Zierler Raj S. Bhopal, and Liam J. Donaldson CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.89.5.782 Published Online: October 07, 2011
Snapshots of What, Exactly? A Comment on Methodological Experimentation and Conceptual Foundations in Place Research
Place ideas in natural resource management have grown in recent years. But with that growth have come greater complexity and diversity in thinking and mounting confusion about the ontological and epistemological assumptions underlying any specific investigation. Beckley et al. (Citation2007) contribute to place research by proposing a new methodological approach to analyzing attachments to place and exploring the relative importance of biophysica…
Place as Relationship Partner
This article presents empirical evidence to address how some visitors build relationships with a wildland place over time. Insights are drawn from qualitative interviews of recreation visitors to the backcountry at Rocky Mountain National Park in Colorado. The article describes relationship to place as the active construction and accumulation of place meanings. The analysis is organized around three themes that describe how people develop relatio…
The Odyssey of the Philippine Commission
Philippine Exclusion
The Canals of South Wales and the Border
An interpretation of mosses found in recent archaeological excavations
A neolithic moss flora from Silbury Hill, Wiltshire
Palaeoclimate in urban environmental archaeology at York, England
Recent excavations at York, which has a continuous history from Roman times to the present, have produced much biological evidence for early environmental conditions. Climate seems to have had only a minor role in causing the observed changes though it is difficult to separate its effect from that of other factors. Insects appear to offer the best hope of demonstrating minor climatic fluctuations, though artefacts may also provide evidence. Human…
Estimating in Levels or First Differences
Journal Article Estimating in Levels or First Differences: A Defence of the Method used for Certain Demand-For-Money Equations Get access D. Williams D. Williams Department of Employment Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 88, Issue 351, 1 September 1978, Pages 564–568, https://doi.org/10.2307/2232054 Published: 01 September 1978
The Aboriginal Community College
The Aboriginal Community College was establsihed within Torrens C.A.E. as a direct result of a repeated request from the Adelaide and wider South Australian Aboriginal community for adult education. Several years of negotiations and planning culminated in the establishment of the College of Aboriginal Education which accepted the first intake of students in 1973. Thus, the College was designed to serve the perceived needs of the Aboriginal commun…
Aboriginal Teacher Education Program
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Characterizing the Influence of Past Experience on Recreation Behavior
The extent of previous participation in recreational pursuits can serve as an indicator of the amount and type of information a person draws on to make decisions concerning leisure behavior. Differing patterns of participation may suggest variation in the reasons for engaging in the same type of activity. Data from a national survey of river recreationists were used to study the effects of differing amounts and types of previous experience on var…
Inventaire de la Correspondance litteraire de Grimm et Meister
The good neighbour
Cledemutha
In A.D. 921 Edward the Elder is recorded as having built the borough or burh at Cledemutha. On the basis of excavations in 1979–82 it is argued that a three-sided earthwork enclosing a large area to the south of modern Rhuddlan, Clwyd (Flintshire), forms the defences of this late Saxon burh. Evidence is presented for the dating, method of construction, original appearance and subsequent slighting of the defences. Comparisons are made with other l…
Measuring perceived similarity among outdoor recreation activities
The utility of existing empirical classification research for advancing the theoretical understanding of leisure behavior has been limited, in part, by a lack of stability of classification results across studies. The purpose of this paper was to compare the stability of activity classifications produced by two methods of presenting activity stimuli in similarity rating tasks. In Phase I of the study, two methods of presenting recreation activiti…
Contributions of Time, Format, and Subject to Variation in Recreation Experience Preference Measurement
The purpose of this study was to estimate the extent to which time of measurement, scale format, and item domain introduce variance into the measurement of Driver's (1977) recreation experience preference (REP) scales. Subjects were 68 students taking wilderness courses from the National Outdoor Leadership School during the summer of 1985. Students received a precourse and postcourse questionnaire which included multiple item measures of the foll…
Effect of Policy and Experience Preference Based Expectations on a Simulated Wilderness Experience
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of policy based and user preference based expectations on leisure experiences during a simulated wilderness trip. Subjects were 29 students representing user preferences of traditional backpackers and 22 students representing user preferences of wilderness survivalists. The policy based expectations variable was manipulated by varying verbal instructions associated with the viewing of a video ta…
The Effect of the Experience Use History on the Multidimensional Structure of Motivations to Participate in Leisure Activities
The purpose of this paper was to determine the extent to which experience level affects the factor structure of motivations to participate in leisure activities. Data were part of the National River Recreation Study database which included 3181 river floaters from 13 river settings. Factor analyses of responses to a 36-item set of Recreation Experience Preference (REP) scales were performed separately for each of six categories of Experience Use …
An evaluation of the impact of maternity care coordination on Medicaid birth outcomes in North Carolina
BACKGROUND. Care coordination is an important component of the enhanced prenatal care services provided under the recent expansions of the Medicaid program. The effect of maternity care coordination services on birth outcomes in North Carolina was assessed by comparing women on Medicaid who did and did not receive these services. METHODS. Health program data files, including Medicaid claims paid for maternity care coordination, were linked to 198…
The Effect of Norm-Encounter Compatability On Crowding Perceptions, Experience and Behavior in River Recreation Settings
The concept of social norms has been used to identify the acceptable levels of use for outdoor recreation settings. Little research, however, has addressed whether norms are the basis of evaluations of the social conditions and quality of the experience. This study of recreational floaters of the New River Gorge National River, West Virginia, examines whether differences between stated norms and reported encounters influences perceptions of crowd…
River Float Trip Encounter Norms
Recreationists' norms about acceptable use levels and impacts can help managers make appropriate and defensible decisions. To be useful, a large percentage of recreationists must have norms and there must be shared agreement or consensus among the norms. Contrary to the stated or implied findings of recent published research, fewer than half of the New River whitewater rafters in our study had norms about appropriate encounter levels for most typ…
The Influence of Past Experience on Wilderness Choice
A study of Southern Appalachian backcountry hikers tested the hypothesis that recreationists with high experience levels would have greater differentiation of site attribute values when making recreation choices than would individuals with low experience. Contrary to cognitive development theory, a simulated laboratory choice study found that more experienced subjects employed fewer and broader attribute value categories than did their less exper…
Rumney Castle, a Ringwork and Manorial Centre in South Glamorgan
RUMNEY CASTLE, a small ringwork historically part of the marcher lordship of Gwynllŵg, was situated above a steep natural scarp overlooking the R. Rhymney. First mentioned in A.D. 1184–85, the castle guarded the W. boundary of the lordship and the river crossing. The defences consisted of a ditch and clay rampart constructed around three sides of the site. Initially incorporated into the defences along the fourth side was a large timber building …
Identity Affirmation through Leisure Activities
Individuals affirm the nature of their identities through a variety of mechanisms, including selection of and participation in leisure activities. Through leisure activities we are able to construct situations that provide us with information that we are who we believe ourselves to be, and provide others with information that will allow them to understand us more accurately. This paper describes two studies that explore the role of leisure activi…
Beyond the commodity metaphor
In contrast to the dominant multiattribute commodity view of outdoor recreation settings, wilderness users are described as having emotional and symbolic ties to the setting that are manifested as attachment to the site and the wilderness concept. Data from four wilderness areas show stronger place and wilderness attachment to be associated with previous visits, rural residence, a setting (as opposed to activity or group) focus, visiting alone an…
Understanding the Role of Ethnicity in Outdoor Recreation Experiences
Outdoor recreation on national forests near large urban centers is changing and diversifying as users of many ethnic and racial backgrounds increasingly choose urban-proximate forests as recreation sites. These changes are particularly evident on the national forests of Southern California where relatively undeveloped riparian sites are popular among individuals of Hispanic descent for picnicking, barbecuing, and wading/swimming in small streams.…
Psychology (37 works) · Sociology (35 works) · Political science (34 works) · Geography (30 works) · Social Psychology (26 works) · Epistemology (23 works) · Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management (23 works) · Computer Science (21 works) · Law (17 works) · Recreation (17 works)