Mary Lou Bell
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 322913 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Mary Lou Bell |
| PRENOMES | Mary Lou |
| SOBRENOME | Bell |
| ASSINATURA | BELL M L |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Yale University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-3965-1359 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 94 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 59 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 94 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1975 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 4 |
Association of mortality and combined oxidative capacity of ozone and nitrogen dioxide
Mortality Risks of Co-Exposure to Extreme Heat and Ozone in Urban Populations
Brazil is already experiencing the brutal impacts of climate change
Brazil is increasingly experiencing severe climate events, including extreme droughts, wildfires, floods, and heatwaves, driven by both excessive rainfall and prolonged dry periods. These disasters have resulted in significant environmental, economic, and social losses, deepening inequality and fuelling public health crises. Climate change is disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations and contributing to the rise of disease outbreaks suc…
Heat wave risk assessment in Bologna using Spatio-temporal artificial intelligence
An LSTM-Hippopotamus Algorithm framework quantifies heatwave risk in Bologna. • Hazard, exposure, and vulnerability are integrated at tract level from 2014 to 2023. • Risk projections are made under RCP 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5 climate scenarios. • EVI and access to green areas are critical for urban resilience planning. • Findings support Bologna’s SECAP and climate adaptation strategies. This study proposes a spatio-temporal machine learning framework…
Improved global air quality health index reveals ozone and nitrogen dioxide as main drivers of air-pollution-related acute mortality
Anthropogenic climate change contributed to excess dengue risk related to hydrometeorological conditions in Brazil and China
Health disparities associated with exposure to animal feeding operations, including concentrated animal feeding operations (Cafos), in North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Virginia, USA
Despite growing evidence of health risks posed by animal feeding operations (AFOs) including concentrated AFOs (CAFOs), few studies have explored the associated disproportionate health burdens. We investigated risk of cause-specific mortality associated with AFO/CAFOs and related disparities for North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Virginia (2000-2020). We estimated associations between AFO/CAFO exposure and mortality (anemia, asthma, COPD, diabetes…
Does greenspace influence the associations between ambient temperature and violent crime? An observational study
Despite the growing evidence on the associations between greenspace and violent crime, there is a lack of research on the urban greenspace's influence on the associations between ambient temperature and violent crime. This observational study examined the risk differences by community's greenspace level using various greenspace indicators. Our time-series analysis modeled the associations between daily mean temperature (°C) over two lag days (lag…
Critical window of gestational greenspace exposure for the risk of low birth weight
Many studies link average residential greenspace exposure during pregnancy to birthweight changes, but evidence on critical timing for low birthweight is limited. Furthermore, coarse aggregations of exposure levels throughout pregnancy may obscure complex exposure-response relationships. This case-control study using the birth data ( n = 788,275) in three US states examined the associations between the ZIP code-level weekly enhanced vegetation in…
Gaps in U.S. livestock data are a barrier to effective environmental and disease management
Livestock are a critical part of our food systems, yet their abundance globally has been cited as a driver of many environmental and human health concerns. Issues such as soil, water, and air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, aquifer depletion, antimicrobial resistance genes, and zoonotic disease outbreaks have all been linked to livestock operations. While many studies have examined these issues at depth at local scales, it has been difficult…
Associations of ambient exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene with daily mortality
Evaluating Algorithmic Approaches to Uncover Racial, Ethnic, and Gender Disparities in Scientific Authorship
To explore the capabilities of race/ethnicity and gender prediction algorithms in uncovering patterns of authorship distribution in scientific paper submissions to a major peer-reviewed scientific journal ( AJPH), we analyzed 17 667 manuscript submissions from the United States between 2013 and 2022. We used machine-learning algorithms to predict corresponding authors’ race/ethnicity (Asian, Black, Hispanic, White) and gender categories based on …
Advancing heat-related mental health research
Estimating the urban heat-related mortality burden due to greenness
Long-term exposure to PM2.5 and mortality in a national cohort in South Korea
Our study found mortality effects of long-term PM 2.5 exposure and underlined the role of community-level factors in modifying these association. These findings highlight the importance of considering socio-environmental contexts in the design of air quality policies to reduce health disparities and enhance overall public health outcomes
Ozone-related acute excess mortality projected to increase in the absence of climate and air quality controls consistent with the Paris Agreement
Covid-19 and the environment
[No abstract as requested.]
Scientific authorship by gender
Many fields of science are still dominated by men. COVID-19 has dramatically changed the nature of work, including for scientists, such as lack of access to key resources and transition to online teaching. Further, scientists face the pandemic-related stressors common to other professions (e.g., childcare, eldercare). As many of these activities fall more heavily on women, the pandemic may have exacerbated gender disparities in science. We analyz…
Impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on scientists’ productivity in science, technology, engineering, mathematics (STEM), and medicine fields
While studies suggested adverse impacts of COVID-19 on scientific outputs and work routines for scientists, more evidence is required to understand detailed obstacles challenging scientists’ work and productivity during the pandemic, including how different people are affected (e.g., by gender). This online survey-based thematic analysis investigated how the pandemic affected scientists’ perception of scientific and academic productivity in the s…
Effect modification by sex for associations of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) with cardiovascular mortality, hospitalization, and emergency room visits
Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter no larger than 2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ) has been linked to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) but evidence for vulnerability by sex remains unclear. We performed systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize the state of scientific evidence on whether cardiovascular risks from PM 2.5 differ for men compared to women. The databases Pubmed, Scopus, Embase, and GreenFILE were searched for studies published Jan. 1…
Residential exposure to petroleum refining and stroke in the southern United States
PPR is associated with self-reported stroke prevalence, suggesting possible links between pollutants emitted from refineries and stroke. The increased prevalence due to PPR may differ by sociodemographic factors
Disentangling the mechanism of temperature and water vapor modulation on ozone under a warming climate
Temperature and water vapor have been considered as important factors affecting ozone concentrations, however, their synergistic effect on ozone, as well as its response to a warming climate remains unclear. Here, numerical experiments with different combinations of climate and emissions highlighted opposite changes of annual ozone over the contiguous U.S. under scenarios with high vs. low ozone precursor emissions in the future with warming. Com…
Isolating the modulation of mean warming and higher-order temperature changes on ozone in a changing climate over the contiguous United States
Surface ozone is substantially affected by climate change through the modulation of key meteorological parameters such as temperature. While the changes in temperature under a warming climate manifest in changes of both the mean and higher-order statistical moments, their individual role in ozone concentration changes has not been broadly investigated. To address this gap, we use a novel approach to isolate the impacts of mean warming and changes…
A Pilot Study on the Association of Lead, 8-Hydroxyguanine, and Malondialdehyde Levels in Opium Addicts’ Blood Serum with Illicit Drug Use and Non-Addict Persons
While a large body of literature has shown the health problems of illicit drug use, research is needed on how substance abuse impacts DNA damage and contaminants in blood, especially given Pb-contaminated opium. This pilot study aimed to evaluate the levels of lead (Pb), 8-hydroxy di-guanine (8-oxo-Gua), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the blood serum of opium addicts and non-addict people. The current study is a case-control study with a cross-sect…
Why They Stayed and Why They Left—A Case Study from Ellicott City, MD after Flash Flooding
Ellicott City, MD was devasted by flash flooding in 2016 and 2018. A lack of qualitative research has been conducted on topics related to sense of place and flash flooding, especially in the United States. In this study, we reveal reasons why some who experienced flash flooding continued to stay the flood zone and why some leave. We utilized a phenomenological approach to answer these research questions. Data were generated through in-depth inter…
Illness Experiences of Homeless Youth
The purpose of this study was to document the illness experiences of homeless youth. The research was a focused ethnography with 45 clinic- and street-based homeless youth aged 15 to 23 years. The authors noted gender differences for health-seeking behaviors, with most male youth reporting embarrassment about needing to seek care, and female youth reporting fears over safety issues while ill and homeless. Most youth under age 18 stated that they …
Approaches for estimating effects of climate change on heat-related deaths
The persistent problem of malaria
Gender Differences in First and Corresponding Authorship in Public Health Research Submissions During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Objectives. To investigate the rate of manuscript submission to a major peer-reviewed journal (American Journal of Public Health) by gender, comparing periods before and during the pandemic. Methods. We used data from January 1 to May 12, 2020, and defined the start of the pandemic period by country as the first date of 50 or more confirmed cases. We used an algorithm to classify gender based on first name and nation of origin. We included author…
Estimating the urban heat-related mortality burden due to greenness
Queering Environmental Justice
The LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender/-sexual, queer or questioning, intersex, asexual, and all subsects) population has been the target of federal and state discriminatory policies leading to high levels of institutional discrimination in the housing, employment, and health sectors. Social determinants of health such as housing conditions, economic opportunities, and access to health care may negatively and disproportionately affect th…
Business Leadership in Global Climate Change Responses
In the 2015 Paris Climate Change Agreement, 195 countries committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions in recognition of the scientific consensus on the consequences of climate change, including substantial public health burdens. In June 2017, however, US president Donald Trump announced that the United States would not implement the Paris Agreement. We highlight the business community’s backing for climate change action in the United States. J…
Quantifying the human health benefits of air pollution policies
Advancing heat-related mental health research
Health disparities attributable to air pollutant exposure in North Carolina
Advancing Science and Public Health Practice on Climate Change and Health Justice
An introduction is presented for a section of the journal titled Climate Change and Health Justice which focuses on health effects of climate change and the social justice implications of disproportionate public health concerns
Challenges and recommendations for the study of socioeconomic factors and air pollution health effects
Work Expectations and Work Realities
Home literacy activities and their influence on early literacy skills.
The relationship between the home environments of 66 children and their language and literacy development was examined. After accounting for child age, parent education, and child ability as indexed by scores on a rapid automatized naming task and Block Design of the WPPSI-R, shared book reading at home made no contribution to the prediction of the literacy skills of letter name and letter sound knowledge in kindergarten. In contrast, home activi…
Ozone and Short-term Mortality in 95 US Urban Communities, 1987-2000
CONTEXT: Ozone has been associated with various adverse health effects, including increased rates of hospital admissions and exacerbation of respiratory illnesses. Although numerous time-series studies have estimated associations between day-to-day variation in ozone levels and mortality counts, results have been inconclusive. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether short-term (daily and weekly) exposure to ambient ozone is associated with mortality in…
Illness Experiences of Homeless Youth
The purpose of this study was to document the illness experiences of homeless youth. The research was a focused ethnography with 45 clinic- and street-based homeless youth aged 15 to 23 years. The authors noted gender differences for health-seeking behaviors, with most male youth reporting embarrassment about needing to seek care, and female youth reporting fears over safety issues while ill and homeless. Most youth under age 18 stated that they …
Challenges and recommendations for the study of socioeconomic factors and air pollution health effects
Fine Particulate Air Pollution and Hospital Admission for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases
CONTEXT: Evidence on the health risks associated with short-term exposure to fine particles (particulate matter 200,000) with 11.5 million Medicare enrollees (aged >65 years) living an average of 5.9 miles from a PM2.5 monitor. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Daily counts of county-wide hospital admissions for primary diagnosis of cerebrovascular, peripheral, and ischemic heart diseases, heart rhythm, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, …
Global impacts of particulate matter air pollution
Even in well-studied, data-rich regions of the United States and Europe, understanding ambient particulate matter (PM, aka aerosols) remains a challenge. Atmospheric aerosols exhibit chemical heterogeneity, spatial and seasonal variability, and result in a wide range of health impacts (mortality, respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, eye irritation, and others). In addition, aerosols play an important role in climate, exerting warming effe…
The relationship between air pollution and low birth weight
Previously we identified associations between the mother's air pollution exposure and birth weight for births in Connecticut and Massachusetts from 1999-2002. Other studies also found effects, though results are inconsistent. We explored potential uncertainties in earlier work and further explored associations between air pollution and birth weight for PM 10 , PM 2.5 , CO, NO 2 , and SO 2 . Specifically we investigated: (1) whether infants of you…
Approaches for estimating effects of climate change on heat-related deaths
The persistent problem of malaria
Weather-Related Mortality
BACKGROUND: Many studies have linked weather to mortality; however, role of such critical factors as regional variation, susceptible populations, and acclimatization remain unresolved. METHODS: We applied time-series models to 107 US communities allowing a nonlinear relationship between temperature and mortality by using a 14-year dataset. Second-stage analysis was used to relate cold, heat, and heat wave effect estimates to community-specific va…
International Collaboration on Air Pollution and Pregnancy Outcomes (Icappo)
Reviews find a likely adverse effect of air pollution on perinatal outcomes, but variation of findings hinders the ability to incorporate the research into policy. The International Collaboration on Air Pollution and Pregnancy Outcomes (ICAPPO) was formed to better understand relationships between air pollution and adverse birth outcomes through standardized parallel analyses in datasets from different countries. A planning group with 10 members …
Heat Waves in the United States
BACKGROUND: Devastating health effects from recent heat waves, and projected increases in frequency, duration, and severity of heat waves from climate change, highlight the importance of understanding health consequences of heat waves. OBJECTIVES: We analyzed mortality risk for heat waves in 43 U.S. cities (1987-2005) and investigated how effects relate to heat waves' intensity, duration, or timing in season. METHODS: Heat waves were defined as ≥…
Vulnerability to temperature-related mortality in Seoul, Korea
Studies indicate that the mortality effects of temperature may vary by population and region, although little is known about the vulnerability of subgroups to these risks in Korea. This study examined the relationship between temperature and cause-specific mortality for Seoul, Korea, for the period 2000-7, including whether some subgroups are particularly vulnerable with respect to sex, age, education and place of death. The authors applied time-…
Meta-analysis of the association between short-term exposure to ambient ozone and respiratory hospital admissions
Ozone is associated with health impacts including respiratory outcomes; however, results differ across studies. Meta-analysis is an increasingly important approach to synthesizing evidence across studies. We conducted meta-analysis of short-term ozone exposure and respiratory hospitalizations to evaluate variation across studies and explore some of the challenges in meta-analysis. We identified 136 estimates from 96 studies and investigated how e…
Assessment of Indoor Air Pollution in Homes with Infants
Infants spend most of their indoor time at home; however, residential air quality is poorly understood. We investigated the air quality of infants’ homes in the New England area of the U.S. Participants (N = 53) were parents of infants (0–6 months) who completed telephone surveys to identify potential pollutant sources in their residence. Carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤0.5 μm (PM0.5), and…
Quantifying the human health benefits of air pollution policies
Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990–2010
Disability-adjusted life years (Dalys) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990–2010
Environmental Inequality in Exposures to Airborne Particulate Matter Components in the United States
BACKGROUND: Growing evidence indicates that toxicity of fine particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) differs by chemical component. Exposure to components may differ by population. OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether exposures to PM2.5 components differ by race/ethnicity, age, and socioeconomic status (SES). METHODS: Long-term exposures (2000 through 2006) were estimated for 215 U.S. census tracts for PM2.5 and for 14 PM2.5 components. Po…
Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010
A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010
The relationships between short-term exposure to particulate matter and mortality in Korea
Most studies of short-term particulate matter (PM) exposure use 24-hour averages. However, other pollutants have stronger effects at shorter timeframes, which has influenced policy (e.g., ozone 8-hour maximum). Selecting appropriate exposure timeframes is important for effective regulation. The U.S. EPA identified health effects for sub-daily PM exposures as a critical research need. Unlike most areas, Seoul, Korea has hourly measurements of PM 1…
Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality for HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria during 1990–2013
Global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 1990–2013
Medicine (71 obras) · Environmental health (54 obras) · Climate Change and Health Impacts (43 obras) · Air Quality and Health Impacts (41 obras) · Geography (36 obras) · Demography (31 obras) · Environmental Science (31 obras) · Population (31 obras) · Climate change (20 obras) · Political science (19 obras)