Peter Lanjouw
Biographic Data
| ID | 338227 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Peter Lanjouw |
| GIVEN NAMES | Peter |
| FAMILY NAME | Lanjouw |
| SIGNATURE | LANJOUW P |
| AFFILIATIONS | World Bank |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4150-7890 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 63 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 297 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 63 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1992 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 10 |
(Wl-8179)-Poverty Decline in India after 2011-12
The absence of official poverty estimates after 2011-12 has led to a new debate about the recent evolution of poverty in India. This paper reviews the existing estimates of consumption-based poverty after 2011-12. While a wide range of estimates have been put forward, pointing to both rapid and negligible poverty decline, the paper argues that a slowing of poverty reduction after 2011-12 is most likely. A variety of complementary indicators of po…
Wl-8164-Prices, Poverty Lines, and Poverty in 2022–23
This paper presents initial and partial estimates of poverty from the 2022-23 consumption survey. In the absence of new official poverty lines, the paper updates the official Tendulkar committee poverty lines for 2022-23. It also reports alternative estimates of poverty based on updated Rangarajan committee poverty lines. Preliminary estimates suggest that while poverty has continued to fall post-2011/12, the pace of poverty reduction has slowed …
Interactions between sustainable development goals at the district level in Lao PDR
We develop a unique dataset of 3 SDG indicators at district level in Lao PDR. • We find a positive correlation between poverty and stunting in 2005 and in 2015. • We find a negative correlation between these indicators and natural areas. • There are no significant relations between changes in indicators over time. • Variations between districts highlight the need for subnational analyses of SDGs. Monitoring the status and evolution of Sustainable…
How accurate is a poverty map based on remote sensing data? An application to Malawi
Measuring Poverty Dynamics with Synthetic Panels Based on Repeated Cross Sections
Panel data are rarely available for developing countries. Departing from traditional pseudo‐panel methods that require multiple rounds of cross‐sectional data to study poverty mobility at the cohort level, we develop a procedure that works with as few as two survey rounds and produces point estimates of transitions along the welfare distribution at the more disaggregated household level. Validation using Monte Carlo simulations and real cross‐sec…
Regional and ethnic inequalities in Malaysian poverty dynamics
This study employs a synthetic panel approach based on nationally-representative micro-level data to track poverty and income mobility in Malaysia in the period 2004–2016. On aggregate we observe large reductions in chronic poverty and increases in persistent economic security, but note that those who remain poor in 2016 are increasingly likely to be poor in a structural sense. Further, we find that poverty and income dynamics differ notably acro…
The distributional impact of structural transformation in rural India
The North Indian village of Palanpur has been the subject of close study over a period of six decades from 1957/8 to 2015. Himanshu et al. (2018) document the evolution of the village economy over this period and point to two distinct drivers of growth and distribution of income. An early period of agricultural intensification associated with the green revolution saw an expansion of irrigation and the introduction of new agricultural technologies…
The Interplay of Regional and Ethnic Inequalities in Malaysian Poverty Dynamics
This study employs a synthetic panel approach based on nationally representative micro-level data to track poverty and income mobility in Malaysia in 2004–16. On aggregate, there were large reductions in chronic poverty and increases in persistent economic security, but those who remained poor in 2016 were increasingly likely to be poor in a structural sense. Further, the poverty and income dynamics differ notably across geographic dimensions. Su…
Income mobility in the developing world
This paper examines income mobility in developing countries. We start by synthesizing findings from the available evidence on relative mobility and poverty dynamics. We then describe evidence on economic mobility obtained via synthetic panels constructed from cross-section data. We echo earlier literature in pointing to substantial movement across income classes by households over time: poverty is not inevitably a chronic condition. However, less…
Welfare dynamics in India over a quarter-century
We analyse the Indian National Sample Survey data spanning the period 1987/88–2011/12 to uncover patterns of transition into and out of different classes of consumption distribution. At the aggregate level, income growth has accelerated, accompanied by accelerating poverty decline. Underlying these trends is a process of mobility, with 40–60 per cent of the population transitioning between consumption classes, and increasing mobility over time. Y…
How Lives Change
Development economics is about understanding how and why lives and livelihoods change. This book is about economic development in the village of Palanpur, in Moradabad district, Uttar Pradesh, in north India. It draws on seven decades of detailed data collection by a team of dedicated development economists to describe the evolution of Palanpur’s economy, its society, and its politics. The emerging story of integration of the village economy with…
Urban poverty across the spectrum of Vietnam’s towns and cities
Poverty Dynamics in India between 2004 and 2012
Recent National Sample Surveys point to significant poverty reduction in India since 2004–5, with a marked acceleration between 2009–10 and 2011–12. We employ new statistical methods to convert the three pertinent National Sample Survey rounds into synthetic panels, which help reveal original findings on important aspects of income mobility between 2004–5 and 2011–12. In particular, we document a strong pattern of upward mobility out of poverty, …
Vietnam’s Evolving Poverty Index Map
Poverty Dynamics in India between 2004 and 2012
Recent National Sample Surveys point to significant poverty reduction in India since 2004/05, with a marked acceleration between 2009/10 and 2011/12. This paper enquires into important aspects of income mobility between 2004/05 and 2011/12, based on new statistical methods to convert the three pertinent National Sample Survey rounds into synthetic panels. The analysis draws on the synthetic panels to derive a vulnerability line for India that can…
Who Remained in Poverty, Who Moved up, and Who Fell Down? An Investigation of Poverty Dynamics in Senegal in the Late 2000s
Poverty estimates based on cross-section data provide static snapshots of poverty rates. Although a time series of cross-section data can offer some insights into poverty trends, it does not allow for an assessment of dynamics at the household level. Such a dynamic perspective on poverty generally calls for panel data and this kind of analysis can usefully inform poverty reduction policy, notably the design of social protection interventions. Abs…
Updating Poverty Estimates at Frequent Intervals in the Absence of Consumption Data
Obtaining consistent estimates on poverty over time as well as monitoring poverty trends on a timely basis is a priority concern for policy makers. However, these objectives are not readily achieved in practice when household consumption data are neither frequently collected, nor constructed using consistent and transparent criteria. This paper develops a formal framework for survey-to-survey poverty imputation in an attempt to overcome these obs…
Estimating poverty transitions using repeated cross-sections
Vietnam's Evolving Poverty Map
This paper uses small area estimation techniques to update Vietnam's province and district-level poverty map to 2009. It finds that poverty rates continue to be highest in the northern and central mountainous regions, where ethnic minorities make up a large fraction of the population. Poverty has fallen in most provinces and districts over this decade, but the pace of poverty reduction has been least pronounced in those localities with high initi…
Non-Farm Diversification, Poverty, Economic Mobility and Income Inequality
This paper assembles data at the all-India level and for the village of Palanpur, Uttar Pradesh, to document the growing importance, and influence, of the non-farm sector in the rural economy between the early 1980s and late 2000s. The suggestion from the combined National Sample Survey and Palanpur data is of a slow process of non-farm diversification, whose distributional incidence, on the margin, is increasingly pro-poor. The village-level ana…
Measuring Poverty Dynamics with Synthetic Panels Based on Cross-Sections
Panel data conventionally underpin the analysis of poverty mobility over time. However, such data are not readily available for most developing countries. Far more common are the “snap-shots” of welfare captured by cross-section surveys. This paper proposes a method to construct synthetic panel data from cross sections which can provide point estimates of poverty mobility. In contrast to traditional pseudo-panel methods that require multiple roun…
Using repeated cross-sections to explore movements into and out of poverty
Small Area Estimation-Based Prediction Methods to Track Poverty
Tracking poverty is predicated on the availability of comparable consumption data and reliable price deflators. However, regular series of strictly comparable data are only rarely available. Price deflators are also often missing or disputed. In response, poverty prediction methods that track consumption correlates as opposed to consumption itself have been developed. These methods typically assume that the estimated relation between consumption …
Intra-Generational Mobility and Repeated Cross-Sections
This paper validates a recently proposed method to estimate intra-generational mobility through repeated cross-sectional surveys. The technique allows the creation of a "synthetic panel" -- done by predicting future or past household income using a set of simple modeling and error structure assumptions -- and thus permits the estimation of lower and upper bounds on directional mobility measures. The authors validate the approach in three differen…
Small area estimation-based prediction methods to track poverty
Poverty and Household Size
The widely held view that larger families tend to be poorer in developing countries has influenced research and policy. The scope for size economies in consumption cautions against this view. The authors find that the correlation between poverty and size vanishes in Pakistan when the size elasticity of the cost of living is about 0-6. This turns out to be the elasticity implied by a modified version of the food share method of setting scales. By …
The rural non-farm sector
The rural non-farm sector has traditionally been viewed as a low-productivity sector which produces low quality goods.It is often expected to wither away as a country develops.Recent years have seen a shift away from this position towards recognition that the rural non-farm sector can, and often does, contribute to economic growth, rural employment, poverty reduction, and a more spatially balanced population distribution.This paper reviews the li…
Poverty alleviation through geographic targeting
Intersectoral Transfer, Growth, and Inequality in Rural Ecuador
Using repeated cross-sections to explore movements into and out of poverty
Nonfarm Employment and Poverty in Rural El Salvador
Rural Nonfarm Activities and Poverty in the Brazilian Northeast
Income inequalities in China
Non-agricultural earnings in peri-urban areas of Tanzania
Vietnam’s Evolving Poverty Index Map
Reinterpreting between-group inequality
We evaluate observed inequality between population groups against a benchmark of the maximum between-group inequality attainable given the number and relative sizes of those groups under examination. Because our measure is normalized by these parameters, drawing comparisons across different settings is less problematic than with conventional inequality decompositions. Moreover, our measure can decline with finer sub-partitioning of population gro…
Estimating poverty transitions using repeated cross-sections
Rural Nonagricultural Employment and Poverty in Ecuador
Small area estimation-based prediction methods to track poverty
Poverty Dynamics in India between 2004 and 2012
Recent National Sample Surveys point to significant poverty reduction in India since 2004–5, with a marked acceleration between 2009–10 and 2011–12. We employ new statistical methods to convert the three pertinent National Sample Survey rounds into synthetic panels, which help reveal original findings on important aspects of income mobility between 2004–5 and 2011–12. In particular, we document a strong pattern of upward mobility out of poverty, …
Interactions between sustainable development goals at the district level in Lao PDR
We develop a unique dataset of 3 SDG indicators at district level in Lao PDR. • We find a positive correlation between poverty and stunting in 2005 and in 2015. • We find a negative correlation between these indicators and natural areas. • There are no significant relations between changes in indicators over time. • Variations between districts highlight the need for subnational analyses of SDGs. Monitoring the status and evolution of Sustainable…
How accurate is a poverty map based on remote sensing data? An application to Malawi
Regional and ethnic inequalities in Malaysian poverty dynamics
This study employs a synthetic panel approach based on nationally-representative micro-level data to track poverty and income mobility in Malaysia in the period 2004–2016. On aggregate we observe large reductions in chronic poverty and increases in persistent economic security, but note that those who remain poor in 2016 are increasingly likely to be poor in a structural sense. Further, we find that poverty and income dynamics differ notably acro…
The distributional impact of structural transformation in rural India
The North Indian village of Palanpur has been the subject of close study over a period of six decades from 1957/8 to 2015. Himanshu et al. (2018) document the evolution of the village economy over this period and point to two distinct drivers of growth and distribution of income. An early period of agricultural intensification associated with the green revolution saw an expansion of irrigation and the introduction of new agricultural technologies…
Urban poverty across the spectrum of Vietnam’s towns and cities
Imputed welfare estimates in regression analysis
We discuss the use of imputed data in regression analysis, in particular the use of highly disaggregated welfare indicators (from so-called 'poverty maps'). We show that such indicators can be used both as explanatory variables on the right-hand side and as the phenomenon to explain on the left-hand side. We try out practical ways of adjusting standard errors of the regression coefficients to reflect the error introduced by using imputed, rather …
The SAS System Version 6
Journal Article Software Reviews Get access Peter Lanjouw Peter Lanjouw Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 102, Issue 414, 1 September 1992, Page 1302, https://doi.org/10.2307/2234420 Published: 01 September 1992
Income inequalities in China
Peasants and City Dwellers
Poverty and Household Size
The widely held view that larger families tend to be poorer in developing countries has influenced research and policy. The scope for size economies in consumption cautions against this view. The authors find that the correlation between poverty and size vanishes in Pakistan when the size elasticity of the cost of living is about 0-6. This turns out to be the elasticity implied by a modified version of the food share method of setting scales. By …
Constructing an indicator of consumption for the analysis of poverty
No AccessStand Alone Books1 Feb 2013Constructing an indicator of consumption for the analysis of povertyPrinciples and illustrations with reference to EcuadorAuthors/Editors: Jesko Hentschel, Peter LanjouwJesko Hentschel, Peter Lanjouwhttps://doi.org/10.1596/0-8213-3584-7SectionsAboutPDF (0.1 MB) ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In Abstract:This paper is concerned with the derivation of a welfare i…
Using Disaggregated Poverty Maps to Plan Sectoral Investments
This poverty note analyzes the usefulness of poverty maps, and how they can be constructed using census and survey data, for the use and benefit of policy makers to focus scarce development resources. The note goes on to describe various kinds of poverty maps, such as those based on indexes of welfare, basic needs indicators, and disaggregated consumption-based factors. Methodologies to create these maps, are further discussed at some length.
Economic Development in Palanpur over Five Decades
This book provides an account of economic development in Palanpur, a village in rural north India, based on five detailed surveys of the village over the period 1957 to 1993. These five decades have seen economic well being rise in some important respects, but stagnation and even decline in other areas. The analysis presented here focuses on the reasons behind this uneven progress. The chapters in the book tie in the background issues of the evol…
Household Welfare Measurement and the Pricing of Basic Services
Employing total consumption as a household-level welfare indicator with which to measure poverty has often been criticized because it is felt that such an indicator does not account for differing access to, and cost of, publicly provided services. This paper discusses when and how adjustments can be made to expenditures derived from household surveys so as to reflect the consumption of basic services. Markets which are subsidized, rationed and su…
Poverty Comparisons with Noncompatible Data
No AccessPolicy Research Working Papers21 Jun 2013Poverty Comparisons with Noncompatible Data: Theory and IllustrationsAuthors/Editors: Peter Lanjouw, Olson Jean LanjouwPeter Lanjouw, Olson Jean Lanjouwhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-1709SectionsAboutPDF (1.4 MB) ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In Abstract:January 1997 Poverty rates calculated on the basis of different definitions of consumption…
Benefit Incidence and the Timing of Program Capture
No AccessPolicy Research Working Papers25 Jun 2013Benefit Incidence and the Timing of Program CaptureAuthors/Editors: Martin Ravallion, Peter LanjouwMartin Ravallion, Peter Lanjouwhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-1956SectionsAboutPDF (0.1 MB) ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In Abstract:August 1998 Benefits from schooling and antipoverty programs in rural India were captured early by the nonpoor. …
Combining Census and Survey Data to Study Spatial Dimensions of Poverty
Poverty maps, providing information on the spatial distribution of living standards, are an important tool for policy making and economic research. Policymakers can use such maps to allocate transfers and inform policy design. The maps can also be used to investigate the relationship between growth and distribution inside a country, thereby complementing research using cross-county regressions. The development of detailed poverty maps is difficul…
Poverty and the Economic Transition
No AccessPolicy Research Working Papers21 Jun 2013Poverty and the Economic Transition: How Do Changes in Economies of Scale Affect Poverty Rates for Different Households?Authors/Editors: Branko Milanovic, Peter Lanjouw, Stefano PaternostroBranko Milanovic, Peter Lanjouw, Stefano Paternostrohttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-2009SectionsAboutPDF (0.1 MB) ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In Abstract:N…
The Evolution of Poverty and Inequality in Indian Villages
No AccessPolicy Research Working Papers21 Jun 2013The Evolution of Poverty and Inequality in Indian VillagesAuthors/Editors: Peter Lanjouw, Raji JayaramanPeter Lanjouw, Raji Jayaramanhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-1870SectionsAboutPDF (0.2 MB) ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In Abstract:January 1998 Continued agricultural growth and diversification into nonagricultural activities are essential …
Ecuador's Rural Nonfarm Sector as a Route Out of Poverty
No AccessPolicy Research Working Papers25 Jun 2013Ecuador's Rural Nonfarm Sector as a Route Out of PovertyAuthors/Editors: Peter LanjouwPeter Lanjouwhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-1904SectionsAboutPDF (0.1 MB) ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In Abstract:March 1998 The nonagricultural rural sector represents a potentially important route out of poverty in Ecuador. Poverty declines as the share o…
Rural Nonagricultural Employment and Poverty in Ecuador
Effects of Non‐Farm Employment on Rural Income Inequality in Developing Countries
This paper makes several points based on a review of household survey evidence from Africa, Asia and Latin America. (i) In contrast to conventional wisdom, the evidence is very mixed as to the effect of non‐farm employment on rural income inequality. The non‐farm employment and microenterprise programmes now in vogue will not necessarily resolve rural income inequality problems and attendant social tensions nor automatically benefit the poor. (ii…
The rural non‐farm sector
The rural non‐farm sector has traditionally been viewed as a low‐productivity sector which produces low quality goods. It is often expected to wither away as a country develops. Recent years have seen a shift away from this position towards recognition that the rural non‐farm sector can, and often does, contribute to economic growth, rural employment, poverty reduction, and a more spatially balanced population distribution. This paper reviews the…
Poverty, Education, and Health in Indonesia
The authors investigate the extent to which Indonesia's poor benefit from public and private provisioning of education and health services. Drawing on multiple rounds of SUSENAS household surveys, they document a reversal in the rate of decline in poverty and a slowdown in social sector improvements resulting from the economic crisis in the second half of the 1990s. Carrying out traditional static benefit-incidence analysis of public spending in …
Non-agricultural earnings in peri-urban areas of Tanzania
Nonfarm Employment and Poverty in Rural El Salvador
Rural Nonfarm Activities and Poverty in the Brazilian Northeast
Intersectoral Transfer, Growth, and Inequality in Rural Ecuador
The rural non-farm sector
The rural non-farm sector has traditionally been viewed as a low-productivity sector which produces low quality goods.It is often expected to wither away as a country develops.Recent years have seen a shift away from this position towards recognition that the rural non-farm sector can, and often does, contribute to economic growth, rural employment, poverty reduction, and a more spatially balanced population distribution.This paper reviews the li…
Micro-Level Estimation of Welfare
The authors construct and derive the properties of estimators of welfare that take advantage of the detailed information about living standards available in small household surveys and the comprehensive coverage of a census or large sample. By combining the strengths of each, the estimators can be used at a remarkably disaggregated level. They have a clear interpretation, are mutually comparable, and can be assessed for reliability using standard…
Poverty in India during the 1990s
The authors provide estimates of poverty \n at the regional level in India, spanning the 1990s. Such \n estimates have not been previously available due to concerns \n regarding non-comparability of the 1993-94 and 1999-2000 \n National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) household survey \n data. They implement an adjustment procedure to restore \n comparability based on a methodology developed by Elbers and \n others (2003). The results indicate …
Economics (56 works) · Income, Poverty, and Inequality (52 works) · Economic growth (51 works) · Poverty (50 works) · Geography (35 works) · Development economics (32 works) · Agricultural risk and resilience (21 works) · Demographic economics (20 works) · Sociology (20 works) · Mathematics (19 works)