K Michael Cummings
Biographic Data
| ID | 3479160 |
|---|---|
| NAME | K Michael Cummings |
| GIVEN NAMES | K Michael |
| FAMILY NAME | Cummings |
| SIGNATURE | CUMMINGS K M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Medical University of South Carolina |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7103-7017 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 153 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 98 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 153 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1979 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Predictors of enrollment and cessation outcomes in a telehealth opt-out tobacco treatment program
This study explores predictors of reach, enrollment, and smoking outcomes among patients referred to a telehealth-pharmacy assisted tobacco treatment program (TTP). Between May 2021 and December 2022, 35 756 adult patients from 43 oncology clinics were screened for cigarette use, and 3 319 current smokers were referred to the TTP. Reach was defined as the proportion of cigarette smokers referred to the TTP who were contacted by phone. Program enr…
Effects of menthol cigarette and e-cigarette flavour restrictions on tobacco product purchasing
This study experimentally demonstrated that menthol cigarette bans reduce cigarette purchases. Additionally, flavour restrictions on cigarettes and e-cigarettes distinctly influence substitution patterns, with a menthol cigarette ban encouraging switching to e-cigarettes, while an e-cigarette flavour restriction increases NRT purchasing. As policymakers consider strategies to reduce tobacco-related harms, these findings highlight the need to care…
Marketing expenditures and industry transformation
Our analysis finds that, despite declining cigarette sales, cigarette companies have intensified their marketing efforts by allocating increasing expenditures per pack as e-cigarette use increased
Social determinants of support for tobacco control policies to end the use of commercial cigarettes
Support for policies to reduce the use of commercial cigarettes was moderate-to-high among adults who smoke, although it varied significantly by country, gender and income. Tailored communication strategies could help increase support and promote policy adoption
Use of nicotine pouches among adults who currently or formerly smoked cigarettes and/or vaped nicotine
We found a significant increase in NP ever-use and current use between 2022 and 2024 among adults with established nicotine product use, consistent with national sales trends. Further research is needed to determine whether adults are using NPs as a tool to quit smoking or sustain abstinence after quitting
The economic factors that determine smoking abstinence
Support for banning sale of smoked tobacco products among adults who smoke
Opposition to banning smoked tobacco predominates among people who smoke, but less with a cessation assistance scenario than one encouraging nicotine substitution. Wanting to quit a lot was the strongest indicator of support
Transformation of the tobacco product market in Japan, 2011–2023
While many factors may account for the decreased sale of cigarettes in Japan over the past 12 years, the increased sale of HTPs appears to be a factor
Evaluating trends in cigarette and HTP use in Japan and measurement issues in the National Health and Nutrition Survey
While suggesting that HTPs helped some people who smoke to quit smoking, this study also shows the difficulties in eliciting accurate survey responses about product use and distinguishing the impact of a potentially harm-reducing product in an environment subject to rapidly evolving patterns of use
The association between excise taxes and smoking and vaping transitions–Findings from the 2016–2020 ITC United States surveys
Our findings suggest that increasing cigarette taxes may serve as an effective means of encouraging people who smoke to cut back on smoking or quit smoking. The impact of increasing EC taxes on smoking transitions is less certain at this time
Associations of Cannabis Use, High-Risk Alcohol Use, and Depressive Symptomology with Motivation and Attempts to Quit Cigarette Smoking Among Adults
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11469-023-01214-8
Differences in Smoking Cessation Behaviors and Vaping Status among Adult Daily Smokers with and Without Depression, Anxiety, and Alcohol Use
This study examined differences in quit attempts, 1-month quit success, and vaping status at follow-up among a cohort of 3709 daily smokers with and without depression, anxiety, and regular alcohol use who participated in both the 2018 and 2020 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping (ITC 4CV) Surveys. At baseline, a survey with validated screening tools was used to classify respondents as having no, or one or more of the fo…
Switching to cigarette brand variants with different filter ventilation levels
Switching to CBV with lower FV does not appear to increase exposure and may even reduce exposure for some. Additional investigations are recommended to confirm these descriptive findings
Support for nicotine reduction in cigarettes
More than half of respondents in all four countries-including those who smoked daily-supported a hypothetical VLNC standard to render cigarettes less addictive. It is important to examine if support is sustained after policies are implemented
Comparison of smoking prevalence in Canada before and after nicotine vaping product access using the SimSmoke model
Smoking prevalence in Canada, especially among younger adults, declined more rapidly once NVPs became readily available. The emergence of NVPs into the Canadian marketplace has not slowed the decline in smoking
Do post‐quitting experiences predict smoking relapse among former smokers in Australia and the United Kingdom? Findings from the International Tobacco Control Surveys
Tobacco Treatment Outcomes for Hospital Patients With and Without Mental Health Diagnoses
Patients with a history of mental health diagnoses, such as depression or substance use disorders, was associated with lower rates of smoking abstinence in patients after hospitalization. Hospital based opt-out smoking cessation programs have shown to be generally effective and efficient. However, certain subpopulations may require tailored intervention in order to improve treatment outcomes. Future research is needed to develop brief, effective …
Do Current Smokers and Ex-Smokers Who Use Nicotine Vaping Products Daily Versus Weekly Differ on Their Reasons for Vaping? Findings from the 2020 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey
This study examined reasons why adults who currently smoke or formerly smoked cigarettes use nicotine vaping products (NVPs) by vaping frequency (daily vs. weekly) stratified by smoking status. This cross-sectional study included 3070 adults from the 2020 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey (Australia, Canada, England, United States) who reported using a NVP (vaping) at least weekly and who either currently smoke ( n = 2467) or formerly sm…
A Decision-Theoretic Public Health Framework for Heated Tobacco and Nicotine Vaping Products
Markets for nicotine vaping products (NVPs) and heated tobacco products (HTPs) have grown as these products became positioned as harm-reduction alternatives to combusted tobacco products. Herein, we present a public health decision-theoretic framework incorporating different patterns of HTP, NVP, and cigarette use to examine their impacts on population health. Our framework demonstrates that, for individuals who would have otherwise smoked, HTP u…
The Predictive Utility of Valuing the Future for Smoking Cessation
Understanding the mechanisms of action of TP and DD can advance our understanding of, and ability to enhance, goal-directed behavioural change. TP appears to contribute to future intention formation, but not necessarily practical thought of how to achieve goals. DD is more likely an index of capacity to effectively generate competing future possibilities in response to immediate gratification
Experienced Effects on Well-Being following Smoking Cessation
Most ex-smokers reported changes in their well-being since quitting, with more reporting improvements than declines. Well-being improved with duration of time since quitting, but did not appear to be influenced by daily vaping use, but stress coping may be better among vapers. Persisting worries about possible future health effects from smoking may be reducing the experienced benefits of quitting smoking for some
Cardiovascular Outcomes among Combustible-Tobacco and Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) Users in Waves 1 through 5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (Path) Study, 2013–2019
This study found no difference in CVD incidence by tobacco status over three 3 year intervals, even for tobacco quitters. It is possible that additional waves of PATH Study data, combined with information from other large longitudinal cohorts with careful tracking of ENDS use patterns may help to further clarify this relationship
Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) flavours and devices used by adults before and after the 2020 US FDA ENDS enforcement priority
Between 2018 and the early phase of the FDA's 2020 enforcement priority, prevalence of menthol/mint and fruit/other-flavoured cartridges increased among adults. Half of vapers using cartridge flavours covered in the enforcement switched to other flavours and/or devices that were exempt, with the exception of disposables. The extent to which more comprehensive restrictions may be problematic for adults who prefer a range of ENDS flavours remains u…
Impact of Canada’s menthol cigarette ban on quitting among menthol smokers
This pooled analysis of Canada's menthol cigarette ban provides the foundation for estimating the impact of menthol bans in the USA and other countries. Projections suggest that a US menthol cigarette ban would have a substantial impact on increasing quitting
Smoke-filled rooms
Cigarettes are a major cause of premature death. Cigarettes are addictive. Secondhand smoke can be annoying, but is really not enough of a health risk to justify banning smoking in indoor environments. Payments to states in the Master Settlement Agreement were unjustified since cigarettes are self financing. States actually save money because smokers die young. Lawsuits against the tobacco industry are without merit, since smokers have long known…
Debunking myths about self-quitting
This article examines data from 10 longterm prospective studies (N greater than 5,000) in relation to key issues about the self-quitting of smoking, especially those discussed by Schachter. When a single attempt to quit was evaluated, self-quitters' success rates were no better than those reported for formal treatment programs. Light smokers (20 or less cigarettes per day) were 2.2 times more likely to quit than heavy smokers. The cyclical nature…
Tobacco Outlet Density and Demographics in Erie County, New York
Economic literature shows that smokers are responsive to the price of cigarettes and that African American and lower-income smokers are particularly price sensitive.1–4 Tobacco control policies that effectively restrict access and use of cigarettes will raise the cost of the cigarettes themselves as a result of increased costs in obtaining and using cigarettes. For example, zoning restrictions on the number of tobacco outlets in a given area will…
Random Digit Dialing
This paper describes an investigation into the efficiency of a random-digit-dialed telephone survey for the collection of health attitude information. Data come from a survey of adults in Oakland County, Michigan, conducted during the 1976–77 swine influenza immunization campaign. Information is presented on the results of dialing to sample telephone numbers, the frequency of nonworking numbers within the sample, problems with numbers that were n…
Marketing to America's youth
Objective: To evaluate the claim that the tobacco industry does not market its products to youth. Design: The data for this study come from tobacco industry documents collected from the tobacco industry's document websites, presently linked at http://www.tobaccoarchives.com . The websites were searched using "request for production" (RFP) codes, specified keyword searches, and serendipitous terms identified in document citations found with RFP an…
A Longitudinal Assessment of the Impact of Smoke-Free Worksite Policies on Tobacco Use
Objectives. In this cohort study, we assessed the impact of smoke-free work-site policies on smoking cessation behaviors. Methods. Smokers were tracked as part of the Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation. Telephone surveys were administered to 1967 employed smokers in 1993 and 2001. Data were gathered on personal and demographic characteristics, tobacco use behaviors, and restrictiveness of worksite smoking policies. Results. People…
What scientists funded by the tobacco industry believe about the hazards of cigarette smoking
Despite overwhelming evidence documenting the hazards of cigarette smoking, the tobacco industry denies that smoking has been proven to cause disease. The industry professes a desire to clear up the smoking and health "question" and often points to its support of the Council for Tobacco Research (CTR) as evidence of its interest in investigating the health dangers of smoking. This paper presents results of a survey of CTR-funded scientists regard…
The illegal sale of cigarettes to US minors
Data available from recent national surveys on the cigarette consumption and purchasing practices of teenage smokers were used to generate state-specific estimates of the number of teenage smokers and cigarette sales to minors. In 1991, approximately 2.7 million teenage cigarette smokers consumed an average of 28.3 million cigarettes per day (516 million packs per year). An estimated 255 million packs of cigarettes were sold illegally to minors i…
Early Evidence on the Effectiveness of Clean Indoor Air Legislation in New York State
In July 2003, New York State implemented the Clean Indoor Air Act (CIAA) to reduce exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). In this cross-sectional study, workers (n=168) completed an interview assessing ETS exposure and provided urine for cotinine analysis. Hospitality workers recruited after implementation of the CIAA had significant reductions in ETS exposure and urine cotinine, compared with those recruited before implementation. The Ne…
Access to Low-Taxed Cigarettes Deters Smoking Cessation Attempts
We examined whether smokers who purchased low-taxed cigarettes from American Indian reservations had lower quit attempt and cessation rates than did smokers who purchased cigarettes from full-price outlets. Smokers who bought cigarettes from American Indian reservations were half as likely to make a quit attempt and had a nonsignificant trend toward lower cessation rates (20% vs 10%) compared with those who bought full-priced cigarettes. Interven…
Evaluation of an enforcement program to reduce tobacco sales to minors
OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated an active enforcement program to increase retailers' compliance with the law prohibiting tobacco sales to minors. METHODS: Tobacco sales to minors were monitored in 319 outlets in 6 pairs of communities in Erie County, New York. One community in each pair was randomly assigned to an enforcement intervention. RESULTS: Retailers' compliance with the law increased from 35% in 1994 to 73% in 1995. However, the change …
Delay, stage of disease, and survival among White and Black women with breast cancer
Delay in obtaining treatment, stage of disease at diagnosis, and five-year survival were compared for 29 Black and 156 White females treated for breast cancer at Roswell Park Memorial Institute between 1957 and 1965. No statistically significant differences were found between Black and White patients in treatment delay although a tendency for longer delay among Blacks was noted. Race had little effect on survival when delay, stage of disease, and…
Demographics and Tobacco Outlet Density
In our recent report associating community demographics and tobacco outlet density in Erie County, New York,1 we stated that no other studies had been performed examining this topic. After our original submission date, work was published by Laws et al,2 who found that the percentage of all businesses that sold tobacco in 10 Massachusetts neighborhoods was strongly inversely correlated with the average per capita income of those neighborhoods and …
Monitoring vendor compliance with tobacco sales laws
Monitoring vendor compliance with tobacco sales laws: payment vs no payment approaches. K M Cummings, T Saunders-Martin, H Clarke, and J PerlaCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.86.5.750-a Published Online: October 07, 2011
Psychosocial Determinants of Immunization Behavior in a Swine Influenza Campaign
A prospective design was used to study factors which predisposed individuals to receive vaccination in response to the anticipated outbreak of swine influenza in the fall and winter of 1976. Data were obtained from a telephone survey of 286 adults in Oakland County, Michigan. Predictor variables included Health Belief Model (HBM) variables as well as measures of behavioral intention, social influence, physician's advice, socioeconomic status and …
Random Digit Dialing
This paper describes an investigation into the efficiency of a random-digit-dialed telephone survey for the collection of health attitude information. Data come from a survey of adults in Oakland County, Michigan, conducted during the 1976–77 swine influenza immunization campaign. Information is presented on the results of dialing to sample telephone numbers, the frequency of nonworking numbers within the sample, problems with numbers that were n…
Psychosocial Factors Affecting Adherence to Medical Regimens in a Group of Hemodialysis Patients
The present research was designed to identify psychosocial correlates of adherence among patients receiving hemodialysis at two outpatient clinics. The 116 participants were interviewed concerning their knowledge of treatment, health beliefs, treatment history, social support, personal characteristics, and adherence to the medication, diet and fluid-intake aspects of the regimen. In addition, medical record data were obtained on serum phosphorus …
The Effects of Price Information on Physicians?? Test-Ordering Behavior
This research evaluated the effects of providing physicians with information about the prices of diagnostic tests on their subsequent test-ordering behavior. The study population consisted of 36 second- and third-year residents and 23 clinical faculty in three family practice centers affiliated with the Department of Family Medicine at Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan. Study participants were asked to review four case …
Delay, stage of disease, and survival among White and Black women with breast cancer
Delay in obtaining treatment, stage of disease at diagnosis, and five-year survival were compared for 29 Black and 156 White females treated for breast cancer at Roswell Park Memorial Institute between 1957 and 1965. No statistically significant differences were found between Black and White patients in treatment delay although a tendency for longer delay among Blacks was noted. Race had little effect on survival when delay, stage of disease, and…
The Role of Perceived Price in Physicians?? Demand for Diagnostic Tests
This research examines the extent of physicians implicit price knowledge and its role in the physicians' demand for diagnostic tests. In particular, it examines the effect of perceived price on the quantity of test ordered. A group of 36 second and third-year residents and 23 clinical faculty members in three family practice centers affiliated with the Family Medicine Department of Wayne State University were randomly assigned to either a control…
Impact of a newspaper mediated quit smoking program
We present the results of a survey conducted to evaluate the impact of a newspaper mediated smoking cessation program conducted in Buffalo, New York in January 1987. Over half of all smokers surveyed reported exposure to the newspaper series; 13 per cent reported that the series prompted them to try to quit smoking, and 4 per cent stopped smoking for at least one week. We estimate that over 9,600 smokers in Erie County, New York stopped smoking f…
Debunking myths about self-quitting
This article examines data from 10 longterm prospective studies (N greater than 5,000) in relation to key issues about the self-quitting of smoking, especially those discussed by Schachter. When a single attempt to quit was evaluated, self-quitters' success rates were no better than those reported for formal treatment programs. Light smokers (20 or less cigarettes per day) were 2.2 times more likely to quit than heavy smokers. The cyclical nature…
What scientists funded by the tobacco industry believe about the hazards of cigarette smoking
Despite overwhelming evidence documenting the hazards of cigarette smoking, the tobacco industry denies that smoking has been proven to cause disease. The industry professes a desire to clear up the smoking and health "question" and often points to its support of the Council for Tobacco Research (CTR) as evidence of its interest in investigating the health dangers of smoking. This paper presents results of a survey of CTR-funded scientists regard…
Where teenagers get their cigarettes
Correspondence and requests for reprints to : Dr Cummings. Abstract Objective -To describe where teenage smokers obtain their cigarettes. Design and setting Data were obtained from a 1990 school-based survey of ninth grade students (aged 13 to 16 years) conducted in 12 US communities partici pating in the National Cancer Institute's COMMIT trial. Participants 4010 ninth grade students (aged 13-16 years); 610 current cigarette smokers. Results Eig…
Report of the Tobacco Policy Research Study Group on Tobacco Marketing and Promotion
In this report a distinction is drawn between two categories of marketing and promotion activities. The first and most familiar category includes activities typically denoted by “advertising and promotion”, entailing tobacco company efforts targeted directly at tobacco consumers or prospective consumers and intended to encourage tobacco use (either initiation or maintenance, and either brand specific or brand neutral smoking). The second category…
Cummings et al. Respond
Cummings et al. Respond K. Michael Cummings, Russell Sciandra, and Ronald M. Davis Peter Sandiford, George Davey Smith, and Edward Coyle CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.82.9.1293 Published Online: October 07, 2011
An obituary
The illegal sale of cigarettes to US minors
Data available from recent national surveys on the cigarette consumption and purchasing practices of teenage smokers were used to generate state-specific estimates of the number of teenage smokers and cigarette sales to minors. In 1991, approximately 2.7 million teenage cigarette smokers consumed an average of 28.3 million cigarettes per day (516 million packs per year). An estimated 255 million packs of cigarettes were sold illegally to minors i…
US patents shed light on Eclipse and future cigarettes
Son of Premier
Monitoring vendor compliance with tobacco sales laws
Monitoring vendor compliance with tobacco sales laws: payment vs no payment approaches. K M Cummings, T Saunders-Martin, H Clarke, and J PerlaCopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.86.5.750-a Published Online: October 07, 2011
Price, public policy and smoking in young people
Policies limiting access to tobacco by young people, increasing education about the effects of tobacco use, and a sharp and sustained increase in real cigarette excise taxes are likely to be most successful in accomplishing the US Food and Drug Administration's goal of cutting the smoking prevalence of adolescents in half over the next seven years
Relationship on worksite smoking policy on changes in employee tobacco use
These data, from one of the largest and longest smoking cessation studies to date, add support to the conclusion that smoke-free worksite policies help employees to reduce or discontinue use of tobacco
Comparisons of recent trends in adolescent and adult cigarette smoking behaviour and brand preferences
Smoking prevalence rates have increased among teenagers, but have dropped among adults in the same communities. Among adolescents who smoke, and buy their own cigarettes, the three most heavily advertised brands--Marlboro, Camel, and Newport--have a substantially higher market concentration than among adult smokers
Discrepancies in cigarette brand sales and adult market share
Most smokers are brand loyal. Price seems to be an important factor motivating brand switching among adult smokers. It appears that recruitment of new customers among the ranks of non-smokers is necessary for premium cigarette brands such as Marlboro and Camel to maintain sales comparable to previous years
Use of the nicotine skin patch by smokers in 20 communities in the United States, 1992-1993
The nicotine skin patch is a popular and effective means of smoking cessation. Use of the nicotine patch, especially by low-income smokers, could be increased by reducing the out-of-pocket expenditure required for smokers to get the product
Predictors of smoking cessation in a cohort of adult smokers followed for five years
Despite the fact that most smokers expressed a strong desire to stop smoking in 1988, the majority, especially the most dependent heavy smokers (>25 cigarettes/day), struggled unsuccessfully to achieve this goal
Use of discount cigarettes by smokers in 20 communities in the United States, 1988-1993
The availability of discount/generic cigarettes has made smoking more affordable, which most likely has helped the cigarette industry retain customers sensitive to price, who might have otherwise reduced consumption or stop smoking altogether
Prevalence of cigar use in 22 North American communities
OBJECTIVES: This study examined the prevalence rate of and characteristics associated with cigar use. METHODS: Data were derived from population-based telephone surveys of adults conducted in 22 North American communities in 1989 and 1993 as part of the National Cancer Institute's Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation. RESULTS: Averaged across the 22 communities, the prevalence rate of regular cigar use increased 133% from 1989 to 19…
Medicine (139 works) · Smoking Behavior and Cessation (125 works) · Environmental health (107 works) · Business (67 works) · Public health (65 works) · Demography (59 works) · Tobacco control (56 works) · Smoking cessation (52 works) · Advertising (48 works) · Demography (46 works)