Basia Zaba
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 354264 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Basia Zaba |
| PRENOMES | Basia |
| SOBRENOME | Zaba |
| ASSINATURA | ZABA B |
| AFILIAÇÕES | London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2449-0983 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 48 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 140 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 48 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1979 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2020 |
| ÍNDICE H | 6 |
Population-level adult mortality following the expansion of antiretroviral therapy in Rakai, Uganda
There are limited data on the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on population-level adult mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. We analysed data for 2000-14 from the Rakai Community Cohort Study (RCCS) in Uganda, where free ART was scaled up after 2004. Using non-parametric and parametric (Weibull) survival analysis, we estimated trends in average person-years lived between exact ages 15 and 50, per capita life-years lost to HIV, and the mortalit…
“He was no longer listening to me”
In the era of widespread antiretroviral therapy, few studies have explored the perspectives of the relatives involved in caring for people living with HIV (PLHIV) during periods of ill-health leading up to their demise. In this analysis, we explore the process of care for PLHIV as their death approached, from their relatives' perspective. We apply Tronto's care ethics framework that distinguishes between care-receiving among PLHIV on the one hand…
The rebellious man
The HIV response is hampered by many obstacles to progression along the HIV care cascade, with men, in particular, experiencing different forms of disruption. One group of men, whose stories remain untold, are those who have succumbed to HIV-related illness. In this paper, we explore how next-of-kin account for the death of a male relative. We conducted 26 qualitative after-death interviews with family members of male PLHIV who had recently died …
Non-disclosure of HIV testing history in population-based surveys
Background: HIV/AIDS programmes and organisations around the world use routinely updated estimates of the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets to track progress and prioritise further programme implementation. Any bias in these estimates has the potential to mislead organisations on where gaps exist in HIV testing and treatment programmes. Objective: To measure the extent of undisclosed HIV testing history and its impact on estimating the proportion of people…
Identifying gaps in HIV policy and practice along the HIV care continuum
The last decade has seen rapid evolution in guidance from the WHO concerning the provision of HIV services along the diagnosis-to-treatment continuum, but the extent to which these recommendations are adopted as national policies in Kenya, and subsequently implemented in health facilities, is not well understood. Identifying gaps in policy coverage and implementation is important for highlighting areas for improving service delivery, leading to b…
Reliability of reporting of HIV status and antiretroviral therapy usage during verbal autopsies
OBJECTIVE: Verbal autopsies (VAs) are interviews with a relative or friend of the deceased; VAs are a technique used in surveillance sites in many countries with incomplete death certification. The goal of this study was to assess the accuracy and validity of data on HIV status and antiretroviral therapy (ART) usage reported in VAs and their influence on physician attribution of cause of death. DESIGN: This was a prospective cohort study. METHODS…
Contraceptive Dynamics in Rural Northern Malawi
CONTEXT: Increased use of contraceptives in Malawi has not translated into a commensurate reduction in fertility, but the reason is unknown. Insight into contraceptive switching and discontinuation may shed light on this conundrum and on whether the commonly used modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR) is the best indicator of family planning program performance. METHODS: A one-year prospective longitudinal data set was created from patient-h…
Challenges with routine data sources for PMTCT programme monitoring in East Africa
Routinely collected clinic data have the potential to provide much needed information on the uptake of services to prevent mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV, and to measure HIV prevalence in pregnant women. This article describes the methodological challenges associated with using such data, based on the experiences of researchers and programme implementers in Tanzania and drawing from other examples from East Africa. PMTCT data are rou…
Antiretroviral treatment coverage in a rural district in Tanzania – a modeling study using empirical data
ART coverage in the Rufiji district is unevenly distributed and far from the universal coverage target of 80%, in particular among young men. The findings in 2010 are close to the most recent estimates of ART coverage in 2013. To strive for universal coverage, both the recruitment of new eligible individuals to pre-ART and ART and the successful retention of those already on ART in the program need to be prioritized
Postpartum Contraception in Northern Tanzania
In Tanzania, unmet need for contraception is high, particularly in the postpartum period. Contraceptive counseling during routine antenatal HIV testing could reach 97 percent of pregnant women with much‐needed information, but requires an understanding of postpartum contraceptive use and its relationship to antenatal intentions. We conducted a baseline survey of reproductive behavior among 5,284 antenatal clients in Northern Tanzania, followed by…
Measuring HIV-related mortality in the first decade of anti-retroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa
For the past 30 years, many communities and countries in sub-Saharan Africa have suffered from the ravages of the HIV epidemic. During this time the mortality rates in HIV-infected people have been 10–20 times higher than in HIV-uninfected people. Since the advent of anti-retroviral therapy (ART), mortality and morbidity have decreased considerably. However, it has been difficult to get reliable estimates of the impact of ART in population-based …
Retracted
INTRODUCTION: Spectrum epidemiological models are used by UNAIDS to provide global, regional and national HIV estimates and projections, which are then used for evidence-based health planning for HIV services. However, there are no validations of the Spectrum model against empirical serological and mortality data from populations in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: Serologic, demographic and verbal autopsy data have been regularly collected among ove…
Using HIV-attributable mortality to assess the impact of antiretroviral therapy on adult mortality in rural Tanzania
BACKGROUND: The Tanzanian national HIV care and treatment programme has provided free antiretroviral therapy (ART) to HIV-positive persons since 2004. ART has been available to participants of the Kisesa open cohort study since 2005, but data to 2007 showed a slow uptake of ART and a modest impact on mortality. Additional data from the 2010 HIV serological survey provide an opportunity to update the estimated impact of ART in this setting. METHOD…
How have ART treatment programmes changed the patterns of excess mortality in people living with HIV? Estimates from four countries in East and Southern Africa
BACKGROUND: Substantial falls in the mortality of people living with HIV (PLWH) have been observed since the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in sub-Saharan Africa. However, access and uptake of ART have been variable in many countries. We report the excess deaths observed in PLWH before and after the introduction of ART. We use data from five longitudinal studies in Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda, members of the network f…
Measuring causes of adult mortality in rural northern Malawi over a decade of change
BACKGROUND: Verbal autopsy could be more widely used if interpretation by computer algorithm could be relied on. We assessed how InterVA-4 results compared with clinician review in diagnosing HIV/AIDS-related deaths over the period of antiretroviral (ART) roll-out. DESIGN: In the Karonga Prevention Study demographic surveillance site in northern Malawi, all deaths are followed by verbal autopsy using a semi-structured questionnaire. Cause of deat…
InterVA-4 as a public health tool for measuring HIV/Aids mortality
BACKGROUND: Reliable population-based data on HIV infection and AIDS mortality in sub-Saharan Africa are scanty, even though that is the region where most of the world's AIDS deaths occur. There is therefore a great need for reliable and valid public health tools for assessing AIDS mortality. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to validate the InterVA-4 verbal autopsy (VA) interpretative model within African populations where HIV sero-status is…
Do accurate HIV and antiretroviral therapy knowledge, and previous testing experiences increase the uptake of HIV voluntary counselling and testing? Results from a cohort study in rural Tanzania
Two years after the introduction of free ART in this setting, misconceptions regarding HIV transmission remain rife and knowledge regarding treatment is worryingly poor, especially among women and HIV-positive people. Further HIV-related information, education and communication activities are urgently needed to improve VCT uptake in rural Tanzania
OP35 Sexual Risk Behaviour Among Young People in Rural Tanzania
Background Being in full-time education is associated with lower risk of HIV and other STIs. We describe sexual partnership histories reported by youth in rural Tanzania, and investigate the association between current attendance at post-primary education, and sexual behaviour and antibody responses to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) infection. Methods In 2007/8, sexual partnership histories were collected through a face-to-face questionnaire…
The impact of antenatal HIV diagnosis on postpartum childbearing desires in northern Tanzania
With the expansion of routine antenatal HIV testing, women are increasingly discovering they are HIV-positive during pregnancy. While several studies have examined the impact of HIV on childbearing in Africa, few have focused on the antenatal/postpartum period. Addressing this research gap will help tailor contraceptive counseling to HIV-positive women’s needs. Our study measures how antenatal HIV diagnosis affects postpartum childbearing desires…
Parental control and monitoring of young people's sexual behaviour in rural North-Western Tanzania
Despite parents making efforts to control and monitor their young people's sexual behaviour, they are faced with several challenges (e.g. little time spent with their children) which make it difficult for them to effectively monitor them. There is a need for interventions such as parenting skills building that might enable parents to improve their relationships with children. This would equip parents with the appropriate skills for positive guida…
Socio-economic change and parent-child relationships
This paper examines how socio-economic changes in Tanzania have impacted on parent-child relationships, in particular parental behavioural control over their children and parental influence on young people's sexual behaviour. Data came from participant observation, focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with young people (14-24 years) and their parents. Socio-economic changes (education, changes in values, material needs provision) affec…
Women’s Bodies are Shops”
Parent-child communication about sexual and reproductive health in rural Tanzania
BACKGROUND: Many programmes on young people and HIV/AIDS prevention have focused on the in-school and channeled sexual and reproductive health messages through schools with limited activities for the young people's families. The assumption has been that parents in African families do not talk about sexual and reproductive health (SRH) with their children. These approach has had limited success because of failure to factor in the young person's fa…
"Driving the devil away"
The roll-out of ART is taking place in a context in which the new drugs are competing with a diversity of existing options. As long as the complementarities of prayers and ART are not clearly and explicitly stated by FLs, spiritual options may be interpreted as a superior alternative and contribute to hampering adherence to ART. In contexts where ambivalent attitudes towards the new drugs prevail, enhancing FLs understanding of ART's strengths an…
Trends in HIV & syphilis prevalence and correlates of HIV infection
HIV prevalence trends concur with results from a community-based cohort in the region. Correlates of HIV infection have also changed and more proximate, individual level factors are now more important, in line with the changing epidemiology of infection in this population
Secretive females or swaggering males
Women’s Bodies are Shops”
The effects of high HIV prevalence on orphanhood and living arrangements of children in Malawi, Tanzania, and South Africa
Using longitudinal data from three demographic surveillance systems (DSS) and a retrospective cohort study, we estimate levels and trends in the prevalence and incidence of orphanhood in South Africa, Tanzania, and Malawi in the period 1988-2004. The prevalence of maternal, paternal, and double orphans rose in all three populations. In South Africa - where the HIV epidemic started later, has been very severe, and has not yet stabilized - the inci…
Fertility and the Distribution of Child Mortality Risk among Women
A new method that does not rely on standard social class categorizations is proposed for measuring and comparing the concentration of mortality risk among families in different populations. The new measures can be obtained directly from aggregated data. These measures are used to explore the extent of death-clustering in families, and to show that inter-woman variability in risk is more important than inter-birth variability. Parity is a potentia…
The contribution of HIV to fertility decline in rural Zimbabwe, 1985-2000
HIV-related sub-fertility has been reported for those populations in sub-Saharan Africa in which contraceptive use is low. We use data from a retrospective survey in rural Zimbabwe and multivariate logistic regression models to show that recent birth rates and current pregnancy rates are also lower among HIV-positive women than among HIV-negative women in those African populations where contraceptive use is high. The fertility reduction is smalle…
The four-parameter logit life table system
Brass's model life table system, which is a two parameter system based on the logit transformation of survivorship values, has been widely and successfully used to describe age patterns of mortality in many populations. As more reliable information has become available for populations with mortality patterns which differ in important ways from the assumed standard pattern of mortality, a more flexible model system is needed. This paper shows how …
Postpartum Contraception in Northern Tanzania
In Tanzania, unmet need for contraception is high, particularly in the postpartum period. Contraceptive counseling during routine antenatal HIV testing could reach 97 percent of pregnant women with much‐needed information, but requires an understanding of postpartum contraceptive use and its relationship to antenatal intentions. We conducted a baseline survey of reproductive behavior among 5,284 antenatal clients in Northern Tanzania, followed by…
Evaluation of a village-informant driven demographic surveillance system in Karonga, Northern Malawi
This paper describes and evaluates the first demographic surveillance system (DSS) in Malawi, covering a rural population of 30,000. Unlike others, the Karonga DSS relies on trained village informants using formatted registers for the primary notificat
OP35 Sexual Risk Behaviour Among Young People in Rural Tanzania
Background Being in full-time education is associated with lower risk of HIV and other STIs. We describe sexual partnership histories reported by youth in rural Tanzania, and investigate the association between current attendance at post-primary education, and sexual behaviour and antibody responses to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) infection. Methods In 2007/8, sexual partnership histories were collected through a face-to-face questionnaire…
The impact of antenatal HIV diagnosis on postpartum childbearing desires in northern Tanzania
With the expansion of routine antenatal HIV testing, women are increasingly discovering they are HIV-positive during pregnancy. While several studies have examined the impact of HIV on childbearing in Africa, few have focused on the antenatal/postpartum period. Addressing this research gap will help tailor contraceptive counseling to HIV-positive women’s needs. Our study measures how antenatal HIV diagnosis affects postpartum childbearing desires…
A Simulation Approach to the Study of Human Fertility
Character of the seriesThe Netherlands Interuniversity Demographic Institute (N .1.0.1.)at The Hague and the Population and Family Study Centre (C.B.G.S.) of the Ministry of Public Health and the Family at Brussels are jointly presenting this series of monographs, collections of essays, and selected articles in an effort to make the results of popUlation studies carried out in the Low Countries accessible to international readers and research wor…
The four-parameter logit life table system
Brass's model life table system, which is a two parameter system based on the logit transformation of survivorship values, has been widely and successfully used to describe age patterns of mortality in many populations. As more reliable information has become available for populations with mortality patterns which differ in important ways from the assumed standard pattern of mortality, a more flexible model system is needed. This paper shows how …
The Indirect Estimation of Migration
Indirect estimation techniques for measuring emigration were first proposed by members of the IUSSP Working Group for the Study of International Migration, as a complement to methods based on more traditional types of data such as place of birth, place and duration of residence, and date of arrival. 2 approaches were suggested: 1, based on obtaining information from mothers on the place of residence of their children, was proposed by Somoza; the …
The Indirect Estimation of Migration
Basia Zaba, The Indirect Estimation of Migration: A Critical Review, The International Migration Review, Vol. 21, No. 4, Special Issue: Measuring International Migration: Theory and Practice (Winter, 1987), pp. 1395-1445
The Formation of the Polish Community in Great Britain
Population and the environment
Modelling for Population and Sustainable Development
Tanzania
Environment and Population Change
The papers in this book are a selection of those presented at the conference on Population and Environment held at Exeter College Oxford [England] from the 9th to the 11th of September 1992. The papers are divided into five main sections which are entitled overviews carrying capacity African case studies health and mortality and policy and politics. (EXCERPT)
Population and Land Use in Developing Countries
Fertility and the Distribution of Child Mortality Risk among Women
A new method that does not rely on standard social class categorizations is proposed for measuring and comparing the concentration of mortality risk among families in different populations. The new measures can be obtained directly from aggregated data. These measures are used to explore the extent of death-clustering in families, and to show that inter-woman variability in risk is more important than inter-birth variability. Parity is a potentia…
The Association Between Hiv and Fertility in a Cohort Study in Rural Tanzania
Recent studies in sub-Saharan Africa have shown that fertility is reduced among HIV-infected women compared with uninfected women. The size and pattern of this fertility reduction has important implications for antenatal clinic-based surveillance of the epidemic and also for estimates and projections of the demographic impact of the epidemic. This paper examines the association between HIV and fertility in Kisesa, a rural area in Tanzania, where …
The contribution of HIV to fertility decline in rural Zimbabwe, 1985-2000
HIV-related sub-fertility has been reported for those populations in sub-Saharan Africa in which contraceptive use is low. We use data from a retrospective survey in rural Zimbabwe and multivariate logistic regression models to show that recent birth rates and current pregnancy rates are also lower among HIV-positive women than among HIV-negative women in those African populations where contraceptive use is high. The fertility reduction is smalle…
Measurement of Condom Use as a Risk Factor for HIV Infection
Correct and consistent condom use can prevent susceptible people from acquiring HIV infection. However, in many countries repeated cross-sectional studies reveal a trend of increasing prevalence of HIV infection alongside an increase in reported condom use. Changes in sexual behaviour that reduce the number of new HIV infections will not become apparent through changes in HIV prevalence until some time after the behaviour change takes place. Limi…
Kusvika taparadzaniswa nerufu ' (Until death do us part)
A cross-sectional study of 7 667 non-virgins between 15 and 54 years of age was carried out to assess the protective effect of marriage against HIV acquisition in a rural population in Zimbabwe, whilst taking into account gender-differentials in risk factors for seroconversion. Persons in stable first marriages and long-term consensual cohabiting unions had higher odds of HIV infection than never-married people but a lower risk than those who had…
Secretive females or swaggering males
The social and economic impact of parental HIV on children in northern Malawi
From population-based surveys in the 1980s in Karonga district, northern Malawi, 197 'index individuals' were identified as HIV-positive. 396 HIV-negative 'index individuals' were selected as a comparison group. These individuals, and their spouses and children, were followed up in 1998-2000. 582 of 593 index individuals were traced. 487 children of HIV-positive, and 1493 children of HIV-negative, parents were included in analyses. Rates of pater…
The effects of high HIV prevalence on orphanhood and living arrangements of children in Malawi, Tanzania, and South Africa
Using longitudinal data from three demographic surveillance systems (DSS) and a retrospective cohort study, we estimate levels and trends in the prevalence and incidence of orphanhood in South Africa, Tanzania, and Malawi in the period 1988-2004. The prevalence of maternal, paternal, and double orphans rose in all three populations. In South Africa - where the HIV epidemic started later, has been very severe, and has not yet stabilized - the inci…
Evaluation of a village-informant driven demographic surveillance system in Karonga, Northern Malawi
This paper describes and evaluates the first demographic surveillance system (DSS) in Malawi, covering a rural population of 30,000. Unlike others, the Karonga DSS relies on trained village informants using formatted registers for the primary notificat
Scaling up stigma? The effects of antiretroviral roll-out on stigma and HIV testing. Early evidence from rural Tanzania
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the interplay between antiretroviral therapy (ART) scale-up, different types of stigma and Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) uptake 2 years after the introduction of free ART in a rural ward of Tanzania. METHODS: Qualitative study using in-depth interviews and group activities with a purposive sample of 91 community leaders, 77 ART clients and 16 health providers. Data were analysed for recurrent themes using NVIVO…
"Just like fever"
BACKGROUND: Once effective therapy for a previously untreatable condition is made available, a normalisation of the disease often occurs. As part of a broader initiative to monitor the implementation of the national antiretroviral therapy (ART) programme, this qualitative study investigated the impact of ART availability on perceptions of HIV in a rural ward of North Tanzania and its implications for prevention. METHODS: A mix of qualitative meth…
Doubts, denial and divine intervention
Irregular or delayed attendance at HIV treatment clinics among HIV-positive individuals can have negative implications for clinical outcomes and may ultimately undermine the effectiveness of national treatment programmes. This study explores factors influencing attendance at HIV clinic appointments among patients in a rural ward in north-west Tanzania. Forty-two in-depth interviews (IDI) and four focus group discussions were conducted with HIV-in…
Parent-child communication about sexual and reproductive health in rural Tanzania
BACKGROUND: Many programmes on young people and HIV/AIDS prevention have focused on the in-school and channeled sexual and reproductive health messages through schools with limited activities for the young people's families. The assumption has been that parents in African families do not talk about sexual and reproductive health (SRH) with their children. These approach has had limited success because of failure to factor in the young person's fa…
"Driving the devil away"
The roll-out of ART is taking place in a context in which the new drugs are competing with a diversity of existing options. As long as the complementarities of prayers and ART are not clearly and explicitly stated by FLs, spiritual options may be interpreted as a superior alternative and contribute to hampering adherence to ART. In contexts where ambivalent attitudes towards the new drugs prevail, enhancing FLs understanding of ART's strengths an…
Trends in HIV & syphilis prevalence and correlates of HIV infection
HIV prevalence trends concur with results from a community-based cohort in the region. Correlates of HIV infection have also changed and more proximate, individual level factors are now more important, in line with the changing epidemiology of infection in this population
Medicine (37 obras) · Demography (30 obras) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (29 obras) · Population (27 obras) · Environmental health (26 obras) · Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (23 obras) · Sociology (23 obras) · Tanzania (23 obras) · Geography (16 obras) · Family medicine (14 obras)