William C Miller
Biographic Data
| ID | 3582071 |
|---|---|
| NAME | William C Miller |
| GIVEN NAMES | William C |
| FAMILY NAME | Miller |
| SIGNATURE | MILLER W C |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3060-0210 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 90 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 111 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 90 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1946 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Operationalizing Contingency Management to Improve Adherence and Retention in Methadone Treatment
BACKGROUND: Contingency management, an evidence-based intervention, can be used to reinforce adherence and retention in methadone treatment. A literature synthesis on the delivery of contingency management for this purpose will facilitate the adoption of this intervention. Our scoping review addressed three questions: (1) What behaviors does contingency management target to promote adherence and retention in methadone treatment? (2) What incentiv…
Patterns of Felt Stigma Among Rural-Dwelling People Who Use Drugs
BACKGROUND: Stigma is a barrier to help-seeking in rural-dwelling people who use drugs. However, little is known about whether stigma is experienced in patterned ways, and what characteristics are associated with these patterns. METHODS: = 3048). We used three-step latent class analysis to classify participants by patterns of felt substance use stigma, then used multinomial logistic regression to explore demographic, health, and substance-related…
HIV care indicators during the Covid-19 pandemic in relation to pre-pandemic care patterns among people with HIV in North Carolina
The COVID-19 pandemic abruptly altered the way HIV care was accessed and delivered. We sought to assess HIV care indicators during the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to pre-pandemic HIV care patterns in North Carolina. Using statewide HIV surveillance data and group-based trajectory models, we identified pre-pandemic HIV care trajectories in two partially overlapping populations: (1) newly HIV-diagnosed from March 2014 through February 2018, follo…
Associations of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody positivity with opioid, stimulant, and polysubstance injection among people who inject drugs (PWID) in rural U.S. communities
HCV antibody positivity, indicating prior exposure, was highest among those who had recently injected opioids, alone or with stimulants. Additional nucleic acid testing is necessary to confirm active infection. More research is needed to determine the underlying causes of HCV antibody positivity by injection use
Geospatial and phylogenetic clustering of acute and recent HIV infections in Lilongwe, Malawi
HIV transmission during early HIV infection impedes efforts to end HIV as a public health threat, as diagnosis typically occurs after this period of elevated transmission risk. To guide diagnosis and prevention strategies, we evaluated the geospatial and phylogenetic clustering of acute and recent HIV infection in Lilongwe, Malawi. We identified people with acute (pre-seroconversion) HIV infection (AHI) and a random sample of people with post-acu…
Well-Being of Family Caregivers of Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury
In-person and online support can buffer some aspects of caregiver burden on caregiver well-being. While online support is usually considered beneficial, greater online engagement may contribute to higher levels of burden when the distress is high. It is possible, however, that caregivers who are more distressed engage more with online media to receive support
Resilience to Stigma in Medical, Social, and Employment Contexts Among People Who Inject Drugs in Rural Ohio
People who inject drugs (PWID) experience stigma related to drug use and HIV prevention, which can impede engagement with the HIV prevention continuum. Resilience may buffer against stigma's harmful effects, but limited research has examined how resilience operates across different social contexts and stigma types among PWID. Using qualitative interviews and cognitive interviews, we adapted the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale to measure …
Prevalence and correlates of multiple injections per injection episode among people who inject drugs in rural U.S. communities
Barriers to accessing medications for opioid use disorder among rural individuals
Access barriers vary by MOUD type for rural individuals with OUD. Compared to sublingual buprenorphine, methadone access was hindered more by transportation difficulties, while injectable long-acting buprenorphine was hindered more by affordability and finding a doctor or program. These barriers highlight the need to de-regulate and expand locations for methadone access and prescribing, and to improve affordability and prescriber uptake of newer …
Inclusion of People With Disabilities in Public Transportation
Public transportation is fundamental for people with disabilities to access meaningful opportunities. However, their access to public transit is still limited, partly due to the policies establishing the accessibility requirements of public transportation services. We conducted a policy scan analysis of the local, provincial/state, and federal public transportation policies in Canada and the United States. With this scan, we analyzed the policies…
Exploring Accessibility in Three Quebec Parks, Canada for People with Disabilities
HIV Care Linkage and Initial Viral Suppression Among Persons Newly Diagnosed With HIV in North Carolina Before and After the Start of the Covid-19 Pandemic
Objectives. To examine changes to HIV care outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. We used North Carolina HIV surveillance data between 2018 and 2022 to calculate cumulative incidence differences (CIDs) and subdistribution hazard ratios (sdHRs) for (1) 30-day initial HIV care linkage, (2) 150-day stable linkage, and (3) 180-day viral suppression, comparing persons diagnosed with HIV during (starting March 1, 2020) versus before the pandem…
Looking Back and Moving Forward
Social prescribing is a health and social model of care which is emerging globally. It is a multifaceted intervention shaped by various contextual factors that can affect its implementation. Our aim was to describe community connectors’ (link workers or navigators) perceptions and experiences delivering social prescribing programs, with a particular interest in identifying implementation factors or themes. We conducted 11 online semi‐structured i…
Mapping the lived experience of rural substance use stigma
The War on Drugs, Racialized Capitalism, and Health Care Utilization Among White People Who Use Drugs in 22 Rural Appalachian Counties
Objectives. To analyze War on Drugs encounters and their relationships to health care utilization among White people who use drugs (PWUD) in 22 Appalachian rural counties in Kentucky, West Virginia, Ohio, and North Carolina. Methods. We recruited White PWUD using chain referral sampling in 2018 to 2020. Surveys asked about criminal–legal encounters, unmet health care needs, and other covariates. We used generalized estimating equations to regress…
Positive contact and empathy as predictors of primary care providers’ willingness to prescribe medications for opioid use disorder
Introduction: Patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) have a heightened need for quality health care, including access to evidence-based medications to reduce cravings and prevent overdose. However, primary care providers (PCPs) are reluctant to work with patients with OUD and implement medication prescribing into primary care practice. Previous studies have sought to identify potential ways to overcome these barriers, but often utilize intervent…
Depression, Alcohol Use, and Sexual Behaviors by HIV Infection Stage and Diagnosis Timing Among STI Clinic Patients in Lilongwe, Malawi
Progression of a large syphilis outbreak in rural North Carolina through space and time
In 2001, the primary and secondary syphilis incidence rate in rural Columbus County, North Carolina was the highest in the nation. To understand the development of syphilis outbreaks in rural areas, we developed and used the Bayesian Maximum Entropy Graphical User Interface (BMEGUI) to map syphilis incidence rates from 1999–2004 in seven adjacent counties in North Carolina. Using BMEGUI, incidence rate maps were constructed for two aggregation sc…
Substance use disorder treatment and technology access among people who use drugs in rural areas of the United States
PURPOSE: To evaluate how technology access affected substance use disorder (SUD) treatment prior to COVID-19 for people who use drugs in rural areas. METHODS: The Rural Opioid Initiative (January 2018-March 2020) was a cross-sectional study of people with prior 30-day injection drug or nonprescribed opioid use from rural areas of 10 states. Using multivariable mixed-effect regression models, we examined associations between participant technology…
Maternal Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Adverse Newborn Outcomes in the US
Correlates of Recent HIV Testing Among People Who Inject Drugs in Rural Areas
Resilience practices among a broad spectrum of individuals with physical disabilities during the Covid‐19 pandemic
This community‐based study explored resilience practices among people living with physical disabilities (i.e., stroke, spinal cord injury, and other physical disabilities) during the COVID‐19 pandemic. In this photo elicitation study, during 1:1 interviews, participants shared and described photos that reflected their pandemic‐related experiences. Data were analyzed thematically to identify resilience‐related practices. Our analysis revealed thre…
Creating inclusive and healthy communities for all
This study used photovoice to document the lived experience of 30 people with mobility limitations regarding their interactions with the urban environment and how it affected their mobility, participation and health. Our analysis identified five themes: 1) En Route, 2) Thresholds, 3) Temporal Rhythms, 4) Making Change Happen and 5) The Paradox of Accessibility. Our findings emphasize how accessibility exists along a continuum, which acknowledges …
Exploring the Influence of a Community-Based Peer-Led Wheelchair Skills Training on Satisfaction with Participation in Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy and Spina Bifida
A community-based peer-led approach to wheelchair skills training seems promising for improving wheelchair outcomes in pediatric wheelchair users. Further controlled studies with larger samples are warranted
“Now We Are Seeing the Tides Wash In”
Background: Ohio’s opioid epidemic continues to progress, severely affecting its rural Appalachian counties—areas marked by high mortality rates, widespread economic challenges, and a history of extreme opioid overprescribing. Substance use may be particularly prevalent in the region due to interactions between community and interpersonal trauma. Purpose/Objectives: We conducted qualitative interviews to explore the local context of the epidemic …
Sexual and Drug Behavior Patterns and HIV and STD Racial Disparities
Objectives. We used nationally representative data to examine whether individuals’ sexual and drug behavior patterns account for racial disparities in sexually transmitted disease (STD) and HIV prevalence. Methods. Data were derived from wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Participants were aged 18 to 26 years old; analyses were limited to non-Hispanic Blacks and Whites. Theory and cluster analyses yielded 16 unique …
Reassessing the role of epidemiology in public health
This commentary examines the scope of epidemiology and delineates the role of epidemiology in relation to public health. Epidemiology is a science; public health is a mission that is implemented through societal action. The implications of this difference are considered, and the sufficiency of epidemiology for guiding public health is evaluated in relation to other scientific disciplines and nonscientific considerations. The authors conclude that…
The role of neighborhood physical environment on mobility and social participation among people using mobility assistive technology
This paper presents a systematic literature review on the impact of the neighborhood physical environment on mobility and social participation among people using mobility assistive technology (MAT). Peer-reviewed articles from eight databases published in French or English from 1990 to 2016 were searched. Thirty studies were included in this review. Factors related to neighborhood environmental features, mobility in transit, and accessibility of …
The "Negative" Assimilation of Immigrants
The authors address whether "negative" assimilation among immigrants living in the United States occurs if skills are highly transferable internationally. They outline the conditions for negative assimilation in the context of the traditional immigration assimilation model, in which negative assimilation arises not from a deterioration of skills but from a decline in the wages afforded by skills coincident with the duration of residence. The auth…
Incarceration and Risky Sexual Partnerships in a Southern US City
Perceived Everyday Racism, Residential Segregation, and HIV Testing Among Patients at a Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic
Objectives. More than one quarter of HIV-infected people are undiagnosed and therefore unaware of their HIV-positive status. Blacks are disproportionately infected. Although perceived racism influences their attitudes toward HIV prevention, how racism influences their behaviors is unknown. We sought to determine whether perceiving everyday racism and racial segregation influence Black HIV testing behavior. Methods. This was a clinic-based, multil…
Prevalence of HIV Infection Among Young Adults in the United States
Objectives. We estimated HIV prevalence rates among young adults in the United States. Methods. We used survey data from the third wave of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a random sample of nearly 19000 young adults initiated in 1994–1995. Consenting respondents were screened for the presence of antibodies to HIV-1 in oral mucosal transudate specimens. We calculated prevalence rates, accounting for survey design, response ra…
Personality, Social Class and Delinquency
Perceived Risk of Chlamydial and Gonococcal Infection Among Sexually Experienced Young Adults In the United States
Interventions to increase the accuracy of young adults' risk perceptions may influence sexual and health care-seeking behaviors in a way that will reduce rates of chlamydia and gonorrhea
Using photovoice to increase social inclusion of people with disabilities
The aim of this study was to understand the mobility experiences of mobility device users regarding the environmental and social barriers and facilitators in their community and to discuss the benefits and challenges of using photovoice, as a participatory methodology, to increase social participation for people with disabilities. Photovoice was used with mobility device users ( n = 70) in two different locations in Canada. The participants took …
Grey spaces
Many individuals living in residential care use a wheelchair as their primary means of mobility. Although studies have documented challenges encountered by residents in these facilities, few have addressed the role that wheelchairs, as potential enablers and barriers to mobility and participation, play in their lives. To better understand residents' experiences, an ethnographic study was conducted drawing on Bourdieu's theoretical constructs of c…
Participation and well-Being Among Older Adults Living with Chronic Conditions
This study explored the unique contribution of participation (daily activities and social roles) in explaining well-being of older adults living with chronic conditions and examined which aspect of participation (accomplishment of participation or satisfaction with participation) was more important in describing their well-being. Two hundred older adults with chronic conditions completed the following assessments: Satisfaction with Life Scale to …
The War on Drugs, Racialized Capitalism, and Health Care Utilization Among White People Who Use Drugs in 22 Rural Appalachian Counties
Objectives. To analyze War on Drugs encounters and their relationships to health care utilization among White people who use drugs (PWUD) in 22 Appalachian rural counties in Kentucky, West Virginia, Ohio, and North Carolina. Methods. We recruited White PWUD using chain referral sampling in 2018 to 2020. Surveys asked about criminal–legal encounters, unmet health care needs, and other covariates. We used generalized estimating equations to regress…
Mobility and participation among ageing powered wheelchair users
About 65 million people use wheelchairs worldwide. Powered wheelchairs offer independent mobility for those who find it difficult to propel a manual wheelchair. Previous studies have described powered wheelchairs as a mixed blessing for the users in terms of usability, accessibility, safety, cost and stigma; however, few studies have explored their impact on mobility and participation over time. Therefore, as part of a larger longitudinal study, …
Infrequency of Sexually Transmitted Disease Screening Among Sexually Experienced U.S. Female Adolescents
Continued inadequate screening may contribute to persisting high prevalence of chlamydia infection among adolescents. Future research is needed to determine whether the proportions of adolescents receiving recommended STD screening have increased over time
Looking Back and Moving Forward
Social prescribing is a health and social model of care which is emerging globally. It is a multifaceted intervention shaped by various contextual factors that can affect its implementation. Our aim was to describe community connectors’ (link workers or navigators) perceptions and experiences delivering social prescribing programs, with a particular interest in identifying implementation factors or themes. We conducted 11 online semi‐structured i…
Factors affecting the activity spaces of people who use mobility devices to get around the community
HIV Testing Among Young Adults in the United States
We estimated prevalence and odds ratios for self-reported HIV testing among sexually experienced young adults using nationally representative data obtained from Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). The prevalence of testing in the past year was 18.8%. Young adults who had private or no health insurance were less likely to report testing than were young adults who had public health insurance, particularly …
The Betsy Ross Legend
Uses of Aerial Photographs in Archaeological Field Work
Aerial photographs have been widely adopted in geology, physical geography, agriculture, soil conservation, and forestry, but it is surprising to find how rarely they have been thoroughly exploited in archaeology. This may be due to the fact that most of the literature dealing with the subject of aerial photographs and their uses has been directed to other fields, with very little appearing in archaeological literature. Possibly the earliest use …
Personality, Social Class and Delinquency
Letters from Nevada Territory, 1861-1862
Journal Article Letters from Nevada Territory, 1861–1862. By Andrew J. Marsh. Ed. by William C. Miller, Russell W. McDonald, and Ann Rollins and Reports of the 1863 Constitutional Convention of the Territory of Nevada: As Written for The Territorial Enterprise by Andrew J. Marsh & Samuel L. Clemens and for The Virginia Daily Union by Amos Bowman. Ed. by William C. Get access Victor Westphall Victor Westphall Springer, New Mexico Search for other …
To the Editor
Charleston V.A. Hospital, and Medical University of South Carolina Charleston, South Carolina 29401
The Use of Psychological Test Data to Predict Open-Heart Surgery Outcome
In an attempt to predict survival of open-heart surgery, particularly among high risk subjects who undergo extra-corporeal circulation [ECG] using pump oxygenation perfusion, a preoperative battery including intellectual, personality and neuropsychological instruments and also ratings of cardiac impairment, was administered to 15 control [cardiac surgery without ECG] and 72 experimental [ECG] subjects. Subjects were divided into survivor [S] and …
Occupation as a mediator of depression in people with rheumatoid arthritis
In this study we investigate the association between rheumatoid arthritis and depression, and examine if the increase in depression among individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared to individuals without RA, is attributable to poor ability to perform important daily occupations. The occupations of work, self care, leisure, rest and sleep were analysed, using regression analyses, to see which predicted depression. The participants were 14…
Reassessing the role of epidemiology in public health
This commentary examines the scope of epidemiology and delineates the role of epidemiology in relation to public health. Epidemiology is a science; public health is a mission that is implemented through societal action. The implications of this difference are considered, and the sufficiency of epidemiology for guiding public health is evaluated in relation to other scientific disciplines and nonscientific considerations. The authors conclude that…
Rheumatoid Arthritis and Self Esteem
Objective: To examine the influence of the quality of occupation on the rheumatoid arthritis‐self‐esteem relationship. Conclusions: The results provide support for the theoretical construct that occupation has a positive influence on the self‐esteem of individuals with and without RA. The presence of valued and competently performed occupation, whether work, leisure or ADL related, appeared to be particularly important. These findings suggest a f…
Barriers to asymptomatic screening and other STD services for adolescents and young adults
Further research is warranted to evaluate improving convenience, efficiency, and privacy of existing services; adding urine-based screening and new services closer to neighborhoods; and using mass media to disseminate STD information as strategies to increase STD screening
Infrequency of Sexually Transmitted Disease Screening Among Sexually Experienced U.S. Female Adolescents
CONTEXT: Since 1993, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and professional medical organizations have recommended that all sexually experienced female adolescents receive annual screening for Chlamydia trachomatis. Whether adolescents receive this care is largely unknown. METHODS: Reports of receipt of testing or treatment for a sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the past year, as well as sites of care, were obtained from 3,987 sexua…
Infrequency of Sexually Transmitted Disease Screening Among Sexually Experienced U.S. Female Adolescents
Continued inadequate screening may contribute to persisting high prevalence of chlamydia infection among adolescents. Future research is needed to determine whether the proportions of adolescents receiving recommended STD screening have increased over time
Perceived Risk of Chlamydial and Gonococcal Infection Among Sexually Experienced Young Adults In the United States
CONTEXT: Understanding young adults' perceived risk of chlamydial and gonococcal infection can inform interventions to reduce the prevalence of these sexually transmitted diseases.METHODS: Bivariate and multivariate analyses, using data from Wave 3 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (2001-2002), were conducted to examine relationships between perceived risk and selected characteristics in two groups: a nationally representati…
Perceived Risk of Chlamydial and Gonococcal Infection Among Sexually Experienced Young Adults In the United States
Interventions to increase the accuracy of young adults' risk perceptions may influence sexual and health care-seeking behaviors in a way that will reduce rates of chlamydia and gonorrhea
The Disparity in Access to New Medication by Type of Health Insurance
BACKGROUND: Drug provision within the German statutory health insurance system has undergone several reforms, including the introduction of drug macrobudgets in 1993. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the extent to which statutorily (SHI) and fully privately (PHI) health-insured patients were provided with new medication recommended by professional bodies in an equitable fashion using the example of migraine patients. RESE…
Routine Physical Examination and Forgone Health Care among Latino Adolescent Immigrants in the United States
Prevalence of DSM-IV-Defined Mood, Anxiety, and Substance Use Disorders in an HIV Clinic in the Southeastern United States
BACKGROUND: Mood and anxiety disorders, particularly depression, and substance abuse (SA) commonly co-occur with HIV infection. Appropriate policy and program planning require accurate prevalence estimates. Yet most estimates are based on screening instruments, which are likely to overstate true prevalence. SETTING: Large academic medical center in Southeast. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1,125 patients, representing 80% of HIV-positive patients seen …
HIV Testing Among Young Adults in the United States
We estimated prevalence and odds ratios for self-reported HIV testing among sexually experienced young adults using nationally representative data obtained from Wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). The prevalence of testing in the past year was 18.8%. Young adults who had private or no health insurance were less likely to report testing than were young adults who had public health insurance, particularly …
Prevalence of HIV Infection Among Young Adults in the United States
Objectives. We estimated HIV prevalence rates among young adults in the United States. Methods. We used survey data from the third wave of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a random sample of nearly 19000 young adults initiated in 1994–1995. Consenting respondents were screened for the presence of antibodies to HIV-1 in oral mucosal transudate specimens. We calculated prevalence rates, accounting for survey design, response ra…
Incarceration and Risky Sexual Partnerships in a Southern US City
Sexual and Drug Behavior Patterns and HIV and STD Racial Disparities
Objectives. We used nationally representative data to examine whether individuals’ sexual and drug behavior patterns account for racial disparities in sexually transmitted disease (STD) and HIV prevalence. Methods. Data were derived from wave III of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Participants were aged 18 to 26 years old; analyses were limited to non-Hispanic Blacks and Whites. Theory and cluster analyses yielded 16 unique …
Prevalence and Comorbidity of Psychiatric Diagnoses Based on Reference Standard in an HIV+ Patient Population
OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of psychiatric comorbidity based on reference standard diagnostic criteria in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Psychiatric illness is common in patients with HIV and has been associated with negative health behaviors and poorer clinical outcomes. Among those persons with psychiatric illness, psychiatric comorbidity (multiple simultaneous diagnoses) is associated with increased psychiatric severi…
Early Coital Debut and Associated HIV Risk Factors Among Young Women and Men in South Africa
CONTEXT: Young people in South Africa are at high risk of HIV infection.Because first sexual experiences may influence a young person's HIV risk,a better understanding of coital debut is needed
Barriers and facilitators to HIV testing and linkage to primary care
Persons with unrecognized HIV infection forgo timely clinical intervention and may unknowingly transmit HIV to partners. However, in the USA, unrecognized infection and late diagnosis are common. To understand barriers and facilitators to HIV testing and care, we conducted a qualitative study of 24 HIV infected persons attending a Southeastern HIV clinic who presented with clinically advanced illness. The primary barrier to HIV testing prior to d…
Social support and delays seeking care after HIV diagnosis, North Carolina, 2000–2006
Many adults in the USA enter primary care late in the course of HIV infection, countering the clinical benefits of timely HIV services and missing opportunities for risk reduction. Our objective was to determine if perceived social support was associated with delay entering care after an HIV diagnosis. Two hundred and sixteen patients receiving primary care at a large, university-based HIV outpatient clinic in North Carolina were included in the …
Medicine (69 works) · HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions (44 works) · Psychology (37 works) · HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk (36 works) · Family medicine (30 works) · Psychiatry (30 works) · Demography (26 works) · Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health (25 works) · Environmental health (25 works) · Internal Medicine (22 works)