Xi Chen
Biographic Data
| ID | 3582851 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Xi Chen |
| GIVEN NAMES | Xi |
| FAMILY NAME | Chen |
| SIGNATURE | CHEN X |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Toronto |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2058-0351 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 430 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 529 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 430 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1959 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
Unmasking bias in the evidence ecosystem
Traditional secondary meta-analysis workflows are highly labour-intensive, time-consuming, and difficult to update in real time. Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive artificial intelligence frameworks capable of automating the entire meta-analysis workflow, including literature screening, data extraction, and quality assessment. Furthermore, a large-scale structured database for systematically analysing the global landscape of published me…
Urban shrinkage and carbon-emission prediction structures
Bullying victimization, language proficiency, and school belonging among Syrian refugee early adolescents in Canada
Refugee children's school adjustment is often associated with host country language proficiency, peer victimization, and school belonging, but longitudinal associations among these constructs may reflect both stable child differences and time‐varying school‐experience processes. This three‐wave longitudinal study examined English language proficiency, bullying victimization, and school belonging in 68 Syrian refugee children in Canada. We estimat…
Unveiling the spatial-temporal virtual water use of China's rural residents through trade network
Exploring Public Converse on AI via Reddit
The 21st Century is a compressed century, where Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a crucial role in the new phase of digital transformation, disrupting various aspects of society, including art, education, and healthcare. Throughout this process, the public has responded with multifarious perspectives. Understanding these viewpoints can help foster responsible AI development by analyzing both its benefits and challenges. While many current studi…
Understanding the global interdependencies of SDGs via causal network analysis
Enhancing gynecological examination training for international medical students
BACKGROUND: Gynecological examination training for international medical students (IMS) presents unique challenges in cultural sensitivity, patient communication, and clinical skill acquisition. Traditional teaching methods often lack realistic patient interaction and immediate feedback, limiting student engagement and competency development. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the preliminary effectiveness of integrating peer role-playing simulation and peer…
Developing cultural competence among health professions educators through an international faculty development program
BACKGROUND: Cultural competence is important for health professions educators working in diverse educational and healthcare contexts. However, faculty development programs often focus more on instructional techniques than on educators' reflective, communicative, and adaptive capacities for culturally diverse learning environments. This study examined participants' self-perceived development of cultural competence and learning experiences within a…
Academic performance-based sequencing of inpatient and outpatient placements enhances learning in physiotherapy undergraduates
BACKGROUND: To evaluate whether performance-based sequencing of clinical placements improves learning outcomes compared with randomized sequencing in undergraduate physiotherapy education. METHODS: Undergraduate physiotherapy students from six universities in China were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group’s placement order (inpatient or outpatient) was determined based on theoretical and clinical performan…
Study on smart city in League of Arab States (LAS)
This study integrates qualitative evidence synthesis and quantitative, indicator-based scoring to analyzing smart city development, by applying a multi-infrastructure synergized framework to track digital, conventional, and institutional infrastructure in 80 cities throughout the League of Arab States (LAS) and Iran. The study utilizes openly accessible, aggregated data from official government papers, press reports, and scholarly sources (mainly…
Carbon Emissions From Different Functional Zones of Construction Land in the Yellow River Basin Based on Nighttime Light Data and POI Data
The Yellow River Basin is a critical region for ecological conservation and sustainable development in China. It also serves as a core area for carbon emissions across various functional zones of construction land. Accurately understanding carbon emissions from various types of construction land in the Yellow River Basin is crucial for China to achieve its dual carbon goals. However, existing studies have primarily focused on carbon emissions acc…
Global drivers of transport carbon footprint in a changing economy
Teacher beliefs about e-assessment for learning in English as a foreign language writing
Despite the growing emphasis on technology-enhanced assessment, little is known about how primary English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers develop their beliefs about e-assessment for learning (E-AfL) in writing. Adopting ecological systems theory, the study examines whether and how primary EFL teachers’ beliefs about E-AfL strategies in writing change during a one-year collaborative teacher professional development program (CTPDP) in China, …
An investor demand-oriented approach for financial market segmentation based on network embedding techniques
Social comparison and maternal burnout
BACKGROUND: Parental burnout has emerged as a pressing public health concern, particularly in cultural contexts where mothers are expected to invest heavily in childcare and educational responsibilities. Yet little is known about the psychological correlates of maternal burnout in non-Western settings. Guided by social comparison theory and the balance between risks and resources framework, this study examined how social comparison is associated …
Railway expansion and regional disparities in economic development
As critical transportation infrastructure, railways exert a profound influence on regional economic development. However, existing studies mostly adopt global regression models and treat railway openings as dummy variables to compare the effects before and after their operation. Research that employs smaller spatial units and conducts spatial-temporal heterogeneity analyses across multiple periods on the basis of actual changes in accessibility r…
How digital literacy promotes subjective well-being of rural users in remote areas
While substantial progress has been made in e-commerce and the internet, the digital divide persists in remote regions worldwide. Enhancing digital literacy is crucial for integrating rural users into the digital society. This study uses a mixed-methods approach to investigate how digital literacy can enhance the subjective well-being of rural users. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 26 rural u…
Fast Federated Learning Frameworks, Driven by Powerball Function and Hypergradient Descent
Federated learning (FL), a paradigm of distributed machine learning, aims to utilize user data for model training while safeguarding data privacy. However, numerous challenges arise in practical applications. Among these, accelerating the training rate and improving the generalization performance of FL models are particularly noteworthy challenges. Recent studies are particularly about understanding the role of stochastic optimization in federate…
Semantic-Oriented Robust Sentence Level Text Watermark for Large Language Models
Public perceptions and engagement with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Japanese social media (2010–2025)
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a holistic medical system whose global visibility has increased markedly, yet large-scale studies on public perceptions and engagement remain limited. Using Japanese Twitter data from 2010 to 2025, this study employs text mining techniques including BERTopic modeling, sentiment analysis, and co-occurrence network analysis to examine public discourse on TCM. Building on the Cognition-Affect-Behavior (CAB) fram…
Effect of physical exercise on the subjective wellbeing of middle-aged and older adults
Objective The acceleration of population aging has become a major bottleneck constraining improvements in the quality of life of middle-aged and older adults. Enhancing subjective wellbeing is a critical entry point for overcoming this constraint and addressing this developmental challenge. Insufficient physical exercise is associated with subjective wellbeing and physical health among middle-aged and older people. This study aimed to explore the…
Internet addiction and appearance anxiety among university students in Shanghai
Introduction: Appearance anxiety is increasingly common among university students in the digital era, yet the mechanisms linking internet addiction to appearance anxiety remain unclear. Methods: Using survey data from 522 undergraduates from five universities in Shanghai, we tested a mediation model in which upward social comparison explains the association between internet addiction and appearance anxiety, and a moderated mediation model in whic…
Nursing students' perceptions of an anti-stigma intervention for schizophrenia
Aim To explore nursing students' experiences of participating in a schizophrenia stigma-reduction intervention and identify implications for intervention refinement and implementation. Background Nursing students play a critical role in the care and rehabilitation of individuals with schizophrenia. However, their experiences with stigma-reduction interventions remain underexplored, limiting evidence to optimize intervention design and delivery. D…
Addressing factors associated with nursing workforce instability
Introduction Newly recruited nurses are prone to negative emotions and have a high incidence of job burnout due to insufficient work experience and weak ability to handle clinical emergencies. Different modes of perceived responses to capitalization attempts may affect their job burnout through professional identification, and the specific mechanism of action among the three has not been clarified yet. Objectives To explore the mediating role of …
Assessment of sustainability consciousness among pre-service teachers in China under the “Double Carbon” goal
Purpose This study aims to identify the level of sustainability consciousness among preservice teachers in China under the “Double Carbon” goal. Design/methodology/approach A sustainability consciousness questionnaire was distributed to 2,795 preservice teachers aged 17–26 years old from first-year undergraduate to third-year postgraduate students through an online questionnaire tool. The mean, standard deviation and correlation of their sustaina…
Impacts of social and economic factors on the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) in China
This study models local and cross-city transmissions of the novel coronavirus in China between January 19 and February 29, 2020. We examine the role of various socioeconomic mediating factors, including public health measures that encourage social distancing in local communities. Weather characteristics 2 weeks prior are used as instrumental variables for causal inference. Stringent quarantines, city lockdowns, and local public health measures im…
"The Power of "Troublemaking
Factors influencing consumption experience of mobile commerce
Purpose – The purpose of this study is to interpret consumers' emotion in their consumption experience in the context of mobile commerce from an experiential view. The study seeks to address concerns about the experiential aspects of mobile commerce regardless of the consumption type. For the purpose, the authors aims to propose a stimulus‐organism‐response (S‐O‐R) based model that incorporates both utilitarian and hedonic factors of consumers. D…
Origins of Informal Coercion in China
Informal coercive tactics play an important role in maintaining political and social order in authoritarian regimes today, a fact variously attributed to the state's incapacity to monopolize coercive force and to the strategic concealment of repression from international society. Studying the coercive tactics used by the Chinese government, this article directs attention to how state institutions and strategies create incentives for state agents …
Risk and Protective Factors for Physical Functioning in Older Adults With and Without Chronic Conditions
These findings suggest that risks for decline in physical functioning are influenced by a number of potentially modifiable factors that could be targets for interventions to promote better functioning, even among older adults with various types of chronic conditions
Does money relieve depression? Evidence from social pension expansions in China
The effects of prenatal exposure to temperature extremes on birth outcomes
Ecological Development and Global Climate Change
This article adapts a theory of ecological modernization to characterize countries by their economic, political, and cultural development to estimate their structural and strategic readiness to commit and comply with the Kyoto Protocol. Hypoth-eses logically derived from ecological modernization theory perform as expected, with substantial variation in Kyoto Protocol ratification explained by our variable pool. Results from logistic and Cox propo…
Land speculation by villagers
Speculation in land and real estate has become a chief means of revenue generation in cities across the world. The literature on speculative urbanism has discussed how the advent of land markets transformed government strategies and created new partnerships between state and capital for rent extraction. Far less attention, however, has been paid to grassroots practices of speculation among residents of peri-urban and rural areas, whose neighbourh…
Elitism and Exclusion in Mass Protest
One of the biggest puzzles of China’s reform era is how the government was able to implement a stunning enterprise restructuring program amid widespread worker protests. While most existing explanations focus on government repression, concessions, and other policies to reduce workers’ incentives to protest, this article argues that the government’s mastery in undermining the trust and solidarity among workers played an essential role in the succe…
The influence of personality traits and social networks on the self-disclosure behavior of social network site users
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the influence and interaction of social networks and personality traits on the self-disclosure behavior of social network site (SNS) users. According to social capital theory and the Big Five personality model, the authors hypothesized that social capital factors would affect the accuracy and amount of self-disclosure behavior and that personality traits would moderate this effect. Design/method…
China at the Tipping Point
This essay examines the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)’s strategies for maintaining social stability. Although the CCP has tried to institutionalize the political system in the reform era, such efforts have been hampered by the Maoist legacy. To cope with challenges from the society, the CCP mainly relies on a highly centralized and resource-intensive weiwen system, and shows little respect for institutional differentiation and formal procedures. …
Global food stability and its socio‐economic determinants towards sustainable development goal 2 (Zero Hunger)
Food security is guaranteed only when unexpected shocks, e.g., epidemics, economic crises, and extreme climates can be well responded to the stable food supply. Food stability, which is not exclusive of the status that we have enough food stock to satisfy a population's food demand to avoid people from hunger for a certain period until the regular food supply recovers, has never been quantified. Here, we propose a new metric, the ratio of stock t…
Mapping water scarcity risk in China with the consideration of spatially heterogeneous environmental flow requirement
Role of neighborhood social support in stress coping and psychological wellbeing during the Covid-19 pandemic
The Logic of Fragmented Activism among Chinese State-Owned Enterprise Workers
One of the fundamental weaknesses of popular collective action in China is a lack of broad-based solidarity. This article examines the collective protests by workers at state-owned enterprises when many of them were restructured from the mid-1990s through the mid-2010s, which often led to downsizing, closures, or privatization. The article draws on interviews conducted with retirees and laid-off workers from 91 restructured state-owned enterprise…
A sharper image? Estimates of the precision of nighttime lights as a proxy for economic statistics
Much aggregate social-science analysis relies upon the standard national income and product accounts as a source of economic data. These are recognized to be defective in many poor countries, and are missing at the regional level for large parts of the world. Using updated luminosity (or nighttime lights) data, the present study examines whether such data contain useful information for estimating national and regional incomes and output. The boot…
Why Hong Kong People Rebel
First order and second order indirectness in Korean and Chinese
The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link
Fighting Covid-19 in East Asia
In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, new global challenges have been presented to all affected countries, underlining the importance of international communication and co-operation. This study examines a particular linguistic means, classical Chinese poetry, used successfully by China, Japan and South Korea to facilitate their intercultural relationships. Specifically, poetic texts were pasted onto boxes of COVID-19 prevention supplies. An analy…
The influence of peer behavior as a function of social and cultural closeness
Although the influence of peers on adolescent smoking should vary depending on social dynamics, there is a lack of understanding of which elements are most crucial and how this dynamic unfolds for smoking initiation and continuation across areas of the world. The present meta-analysis included 75 studies yielding 237 effect sizes that examined associations between peers' smoking and adolescents' smoking initiation and continuation with longitudin…
How institutionalized feedback works
The prevailing view that authoritarian regimes primarily respond to threats of instability is challenged by our research, which posits that such regimes also take citizen complaints seriously, even when they do not pose a direct threat. Based on 238,835 citizen claims from China's largest national online petition platform from 2020 to 2021 and 793,119 citizen claims from Wuhan's local petition website, this study reveals that online complaints re…
A feasibility study for the application of AI-generated conversations in pragmatic analysis
A health risk-based threshold method to evaluate Urban Atmospheric Environment Carrying Capacity in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) Region
Urban atmospheric environment protection is an important strategy for sustainable urban development. Nevertheless, serious atmospheric pollution problems caused by socioeconomic activities have become a global issue, which brings enormous pressure on human health. However, as the core of urban sustainability, the human health risk is not adopted as an element to evaluate the Urban Atmospheric Environment Carrying Capacity (UAECC) in previous stud…
Understanding Within‐ and Cross‐Language Relations Among Language, Preliteracy Skills, and Word Reading in Bilingual Learners
Research has shown that language and literacy skills in a first language (L1) are related to performance in a second language (L2) and that these relations are reciprocal. However, cross‐linguistic skills related to word reading are influenced by numerous factors. These include linguistic factors such as the specific language and literacy skills being examined and the languages being compared. They also include societal/contextual factors, such a…
Early Portuguese Visitors to Kilwa
Base editors, including dual base editors, are innovative techniques for efficient base conversions in genomic DNA. However, the low efficiency of A-to-G base conversion at positions proximal to the protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) and the A/C simultaneous conversion of the dual base editor hinder their broad applications. In this study, through fusion of ABE8e with Rad51 DNA-binding domain, we generate a hyperactive ABE (hyABE) which offers impr…
Risk and Protective Factors for Physical Functioning in Older Adults With and Without Chronic Conditions
These findings suggest that risks for decline in physical functioning are influenced by a number of potentially modifiable factors that could be targets for interventions to promote better functioning, even among older adults with various types of chronic conditions
Properties of School Chinese
The properties of the 2,570 Chinese characters explicitly taught in Chinese elementary schools were systematically investigated, including types of characters, visual complexity, spatial structure, phonetic regularity and consistency, semantic transparency, independent and bound components, and phonetic and semantic families. Among the findings are that the visual complexity, phonetic regularity, and semantic transparency of the Chinese character…
Dynamics of News Media Regulations in China
(2006). Dynamics of News Media Regulations in China: Explanations and Implications. Journal of Comparative Asian Development: Vol. 5, China Faces the New Millennium: An Interdisciplinary Approach, pp. 49-64
Ecological Development and Global Climate Change
This article adapts a theory of ecological modernization to characterize countries by their economic, political, and cultural development to estimate their structural and strategic readiness to commit and comply with the Kyoto Protocol. Hypoth-eses logically derived from ecological modernization theory perform as expected, with substantial variation in Kyoto Protocol ratification explained by our variable pool. Results from logistic and Cox propo…
Media Lens Revisited
Development of Phonological Awareness in Bilingual Chinese Children
Using the Theory of Planned Behavior to investigate condom use behaviors among female injecting drug users who are also sex workers in China
Female injecting drug users who are sex workers (IDUFSWs) is a strategic "bridge population" for HIV transmission. Goals of the study were to investigate condom use behaviors during commercial sex among IDUFSWs using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), and to investigate moderating effects that modify the strength of associations between the TPB-related variables and inconsistent condom use during commercial sex. A total of 281 non-institutiona…
Rightful Resistance in Rural China . Kevin J. O'Brien , Lianjiang Li
"The Power of "Troublemaking
HIV/Aids knowledge in detention in Hunan province, China
This study gives us an overview about HIV/AIDS knowledge in detention in Hunan province, and all detention sites in the study provided HIV/AIDS intervention services among detainees that focused on HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitude, and health behaviors
Pharmacokinetics-based elucidation on disparity in clinical effectiveness between varieties of Zhi Zhu Wan, a Traditional Chinese Medical formula
Social Protest and Contentious Authoritarianism in China
Xi Chen explores the question of why there has been a dramatic rise in and routinization of social protests in China since the early 1990s. Drawing on case studies, in-depth interviews and a unique data set of about 1,000 government records of collective petitions, this book examines how the political structure in Reform China has encouraged Chinese farmers, workers, pensioners, disabled people and demobilized soldiers to pursue their interests a…
Cross‐language transfer of morphological awareness in Chinese–English bilinguals
This study examined cross‐language transfer of morphological awareness in Chinese–English bilingual children. One hundred and thirty‐seven first to fourth graders participated in the study. The children were tested on parallel measures of compound awareness, vocabulary, word reading and reading comprehension in Chinese and English. They also received measures of English derivational awareness, English phonological awareness and nonverbal reasonin…
Using luminosity data as a proxy for economic statistics
A pervasive issue in social and environmental research has been how to improve the quality of socioeconomic data in developing countries. Given the shortcomings of standard sources, the present study examines luminosity (measures of nighttime lights visible from space) as a proxy for standard measures of output (gross domestic product). We compare output and luminosity at the country level and at the 1° latitude × 1° longitude grid-cell level for…
Chronic disease knowledge and its determinants among chronically ill adults in rural areas of Shanxi Province in China
Having regular check-ups at a fixed healthcare institution and receiving health information from physicians are important measures for increasing CD knowledge among rural adults with CDs. Township hospitals are the most effective settings for health education. It is important to develop an effective community-based prevention and control mechanism for CDs. This requires township hospitals to take a leading role in improving CD knowledge among chr…
Social protest and contentious authoritarianism in China
Xi Chen explains why there has been a dramatic rise in social protests in China since the early 1990s and how it has strengthened the current regime
Privacy Issues and Solutions in Social Network Sites
The security of private information of users online is a critical topic, particularly since social networking applications became popular. According to Cutillo et al. [1], beyond the usual vulnerabilities that threaten any distributed application over the Internet, online social networks raise specific privacy concerns due to their inherent handling of personal data
Siu Keung Cheung, Joseph Tse-Hei lee, and Lida V. Nedilsky, Marginalization in China
Factors influencing consumption experience of mobile commerce
Purpose – The purpose of this study is to interpret consumers' emotion in their consumption experience in the context of mobile commerce from an experiential view. The study seeks to address concerns about the experiential aspects of mobile commerce regardless of the consumption type. For the purpose, the authors aims to propose a stimulus‐organism‐response (S‐O‐R) based model that incorporates both utilitarian and hedonic factors of consumers. D…
Evaluating the readiness of government portal websites in China to adopt contemporary public administration principles
Perceived discrimination, social support, and perceived stress among people living with HIV/Aids in China
Perceived stress among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) was associated with severe mental health problems and risk behaviors. Discrimination toward PLWH in China is prevalent. Both perceived discrimination and social supports are determinants of the stress level among PLWH. Psychological support services for PLWH in China are scarce. It is unknown whether social support is a buffer between the perceived discrimination and perceived stress. With…
Changes in land use/land cover and ecosystem services in Central Asia during 1990–2009
China at the Tipping Point
This essay examines the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)’s strategies for maintaining social stability. Although the CCP has tried to institutionalize the political system in the reform era, such efforts have been hampered by the Maoist legacy. To cope with challenges from the society, the CCP mainly relies on a highly centralized and resource-intensive weiwen system, and shows little respect for institutional differentiation and formal procedures. …
Staff Listing
Psychology (144 works) · Medicine (111 works) · China (103 works) · Geography (93 works) · Political science (78 works) · Computer Science (75 works) · Sociology (75 works) · Economics (71 works) · Business (54 works) · Linguistics (54 works)