John Knodel
Biographic Data
| ID | 3594635 |
|---|---|
| NAME | John Knodel |
| GIVEN NAMES | John |
| FAMILY NAME | Knodel |
| SIGNATURE | KNODEL J |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Michigan |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 117 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1171 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 117 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1967 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 19 |
Parental migration and care for left‐behind children in Myanmar's Dry Zone
Myanmar's population has been on the move at an unprecedented level since 2011. Given the country's lack of data infrastructure, little is known about how parental migration affects children in Myanmar's migration‐source areas. Based on the 2017 Dry Zone Migration Impact Survey, this study examines the extent to which parental migration is associated with the frequency of care provision for left‐behind children and the likelihood that their care …
Smoking and Drinking Behaviors among Older Adults
Productive aging in developing Southeast Asia
Caring for Thai Older Persons With Long-Term Care Needs
Thailand is experiencing acute population aging but empirical evidence to support LTC needs remains lacking. This analysis helps close the gap
Long-Term Care Needs in the Context of Poverty and Population Aging
Chapter 10. Lessons from the Past
Chapter 9. Demographic Transitions in German Villages
Economic Status and Old-Age Health in Poverty-Stricken Myanmar
Findings support a global theory of economic gradients in health regardless of level of societal poverty. Modest efforts to improve the standard of living among elderly may improve not only their material well-being but also their health
Intergenerational Living Arrangements in Myanmar and Thailand
Grandparents and grandchildren
Recent surveys in Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam reveal that substantial proportions of persons aged 60 and older co-reside with grandchildren and commonly provide grandparental care. Usually the grandchildren's parents are also present. Situations in which the grandchildren's parents are absent are considerably less frequent. Parents are commonly the main source of the grandchildren's financial support even if absent. Most grandparents that provi…
What does living alone really mean for older persons? A comparative study of Myanmar, Vietnam, and Thailand
Rapid development and social change in Asia have led many to assume that the proportion of elderly people living alone is rising and that they tend to live in destitute situations. These assumptions often lack empirical validation
Is Intergenerational Solidarity Really on the Decline? Cautionary Evidence from Thailand
Development is commonly assumed to undermine intergenerational solidarity in developing countries. Evidence from a series of surveys in Thailand calls this assumption into question. Intergenerational support networks have remained intact despite extensive social and economic development. Despite the recent universalisation of the Old Age Allowance Programme (OAA), filial monetary support remains relatively unchanged. Although children are less fr…
Chronicles From the Field
Older-Age Parents in Rural Cambodia and Migration of Adult Children
This study examines links between migration status and location of adult children and measures associated with the well-being of older parents. Data come from older adults born between 1940 and 1950 living in a region in northwest Cambodia near the Thai border with good access to Phnom Penh. Analyses are conducted from the perspectives of the older adult and adult children. Results show that high rates of out-migration do not leave their older pa…
Tradition and Change in Marriage Payments in Vietnam, 1963–2000
Trends and determinants of marriage payments have rarely been examined at the population level despite their plausible implications for the welfare of family and the distribution of wealth across families and generations. In this study, we analyze population-based data from the Vietnam Study of Family Change to document prevalence and directions of marriage payments in Vietnam from 1963 to 2000. We investigate the extent to which structural and p…
The Changing Impact of the Aids Epidemic on Older-Age Parents in the Era of ART
Inter‐generational family care for and by older people in Thailand
Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine inter‐generational arrangements in Thailand for personal care provided to older members and provided by them as grandparents to young children. Design/methodology/approach Results are based on analysis of the 2007 Survey of Older Persons in Thailand. Consideration focuses on persons aged 60 and older. Findings The results document the primary role of the family, especially adult children and spouses…
Parents and family members in the era of ART
Ensuring treatment adherence is critical for the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs in developing countries. Enlisting NGOs or persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) group members as treatment supporters is one common strategy. Less attention is given to family members and especially older-age parents. Yet ART patients often live with other family members who are highly motivated to ensure treatment success. This study examines the rol…
Return Migration and the Health of Older Aged Parents
Although media discussions have pointed out dangers of out-migration for older adults, little systematic evidence exists. This study supports the viewpoint that accommodations for older adults can be made despite social changes promoting out-migration and demographic aging of the population
How left behind are rural parents of migrant children? Evidence from Thailand
The consequences of adult children's migration from rural areas for older parents who remain behind are keenly debated. While the mass media and international advocacy organisations favour an ‘alarmist’ view of desertion, the academic literature makes more sanguine assessments using the ‘household strategy’ and ‘modified extended family’ perspectives. We examine the relationship between the migration of adult children and various dimensions of ol…
The Gender Division of Household Labor in Vietnam
This study addresses the extent of change and region al differences in gender roles in the Vietnamese family based on innovative surveys in northern and southern Vietnam. The similarities and differences in political, economic, and social histories between northern and southern Vietnam provide a compelling setting to investigate the impact of socialist policies and the recent shift from a centrally planned to a market economy on gender stratifica…
Overlooked potential
The advent of widespread ART provision in low- and middle-income countries requires not just medical attention, but also social and psychological support to encourage and monitor strict adherence to drug regimens. Developing innovative approaches to providing this broad support is a major challenge, especially within the financial constraints of resource-limited countries hardest hit by the epidemic. In this study, we examine the role of older-ag…
Poverty and the Impact of Aids on Older Persons
The present study provides a comparative analysis of the impact of the AIDS epidemic in Cambodia and Thailand on the parents of adults who die of AIDS and how this impact interacts with poverty. It examines the relationship between economic status and routes through which losing an adult child can affect the parents, including caregiving during illness, payment of medical and living expenses, reduced economic activity, funeral expenses, loss of s…
Migrant Interactions With Elderly Parents in Rural Cambodia and Thailand
This paper examines interactions between older adults living in rural areas of Thailand and Cambodia and their adult children. Thai data come from the Survey of the Welfare of the Elderly (N= 3,202 older adults and 17,517 adult children). Cambodia data are from the Survey of the Elderly in Cambodia (N= 777 older adults and 3,751 adult children). Results indicate that older adults in rural areas are not being abandoned, and supportive expressions …
Vietnamese Aging and Marital Sexual Behavior in Comparative Perspective
This study examines marital sexual activity in relation to age and its significance for marital relationships in Vietnam with particular attention to older persons. Results are compared with Thailand and the US. Two regional surveys provide the first quantitative assessment of marital sex in Vietnam. As elsewhere, marital sexual activity declines with age. At older ages, substantial proportions of married Vietnamese are sexually inactive. Levels …
Lessons from the Past
Drawing on data compiled during Princeton European Fertility Project authors find that the historical record suggests relative lack of importance of income and prices in determining demand for children prior to or during early stages of fertility decline [in Europe during last century]. They assert that some early features of European transition from high to low fertility can only be explained by a change in tastes or a decline in cost of fertili…
Family Limitation and the Fertility Transition
The age patterns of marital fertility levels and decline in modern Asia and historical Europe are analysed in order to answer two questions: (1) How closely do the age patterns of marital fertility in both areas prior to a systematic fertility decline conform to the age pattern of natural fertility? (2) How similar are the age patterns of the fertility transition experienced in Europe in the past, and the age pattern of fertility decline now unde…
Rural parents with urban children
The present study explores the social and economic consequences of the migration of adult children to urban areas for rural parents in Thailand. Attention is given to the circumstances under which such migration takes place, including the role parents play in the process and the extent to which the implications of migration for the parents are taken into consideration. The analysis relies primarily on open‐ended interviews conducted in 2004 with …
The impact of breast feeding patterns on the biometric analysis of infant mortality
A major assumption of the biometric analysis of infant mortality as developed by Bourgeois-Pichat is that the age structure of infant deaths after the first month of life is virtually constant across time and cultures. Reanalysis of results from studies which compare the mortality of infants according to the type of feeding indicated that the relationship between mortality and age within the first year of life followed different patterns for brea…
Family size and children’s education in Thailand
Analysis of a large, nationally representative survey shows that family size exerts a substantial negative influence on the probability that a child will attend secondary school in Thailand. The primary mechanism underlying this effect is most likely the dilution of familial resources available per .child associated with larger numbers of children. The extent and the level of schooling at which this effect operates vary with the household level o…
Gender and Aging in the Developing World
In recent years, both population aging and gender issues have gained prominence in international forums concerned with population. It is frequently asserted or implied that older women are universally more vulnerable to social, economic, and health disadvantages than older men. The most significant manifestation of this exclusive concern with women when considering gender and aging is the Plan of Action adopted by the Second World Assembly on Agi…
Family Size and the Education of Children in the Context of Rapid Fertility Decline
John Knodel, Napaporn Havanon, Werasit Sittitrai, Family Size and the Education of Children in the Context of Rapid Fertility Decline, Population and Development Review, Vol. 16, No. 1 (Mar., 1990), pp. 31-62
Starting, stopping, and spacing during the early stages of fertility transition
Examination of the reproductive histories of a sample of German married couples during the 18th and 19thcenturies provides insights into behavioral changes involveo in the shift from natural fertility to deliberate marital fertility control. A simple accounting scheme is used to assess the relative contributions of starting, spacing, and stopping to changes in family size during the initial phases of the fertility transition. The results suggest …
Family size and children’s education in Vietnam
Data from the nationally representative 1994 Inter-Censal Demographic Survey are used to examine the association between family size and children s schooling in Vietnam. The data provide information on several education measures for all children over age 10, including children no longer residing in the household. Although a clear inverse bivariate association between family size and children s school attendance and educational attainment is evide…
Intergenerational Support and Gender
Natural fertility in pre-industrial Germany
Evidence from the analysis of reconstituted family histories of couples married before 1850 based on ten village genealogies suggests that family limitation was largely absent in pre-industrial German village populations. By and large, marital fertility schedules of this pre-industrial period conform to the age pattern of natural fertility. Women bore their last child at relatively high ages and apparently were not influenced by previous experien…
Breast feeding, fertility and infant mortality
Concern about high infant mortality and its suspected connection with the lack of breast-feeding stimulated the collection of statistics about the frequency of breast-feeding in several German states during the late roth and early 20th centuries. Contrary to the assumption that universal and extended breast-feeding is customary among rural agricultural populations, large regional variations existed both in the proportion of children who were brea…
Intergenerational exchanges in Vietnam
This study examines variations in intergenerational support by family size, family composition, and location of children in Vietnam. Results from two regional surveys confirm the central role of children in assisting elderly parents but relationships with family size depend on the type of support considered. Co-residence with married children varies little with family size but incidence of material support, and the numbers providing it, increases…
Can prostitutes marry? Thai attitudes toward female sex workers
How left behind are rural parents of migrant children? Evidence from Thailand
The consequences of adult children's migration from rural areas for older parents who remain behind are keenly debated. While the mass media and international advocacy organisations favour an ‘alarmist’ view of desertion, the academic literature makes more sanguine assessments using the ‘household strategy’ and ‘modified extended family’ perspectives. We examine the relationship between the migration of adult children and various dimensions of ol…
Living arrangements of the elderly in Thailand
From natural fertility to family limitation
Utilizing data from a sample of German village genealogies, it is possible to document the changes in reproductive patterns on the family level that started to take place in Germany during the nineteenth century and formed the basis for the secular decline in fertility which eventually encompassed the entire country. One striking finding from this study was the substantial diversity among the small sample of villages in terms of the timing of the…
The Impact of Fertility Decline on Familial Support for the Elderly
John Knodel, Napaporn Chayovan, Siriwan Siriboon, The Impact of Fertility Decline on Familial Support for the Elderly: An Illustration from Thailand, Population and Development Review, Vol. 18, No. 1 (Mar., 1992), pp. 79-103
Religion and reproduction
This study examines the contrast between Muslim reproductive attitudes and behaviour in Thailand and those of Buddhists, especially in the southern region. Results are based primarily on a large regional survey directed towards this topic and focus group discussions among Muslims in Southern Thailand. We interpret Muslim reproductive patterns from the perspectives of the major hypotheses that have been invoked in the social demographic literature…
Post-Cairo Population Policy
This article discusses the shortfalls of the 1994 Cairo International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) regarding the closing of the gender gap in schooling and the goal of social justice. It is argued that the deficits in socioeconomic status are compelling forces influencing educational status. The examples of Thailand and Viet Nam illustrate that socioeconomic inequalities in both nonsocialist and socialist developing countries a…
Living arrangements in four Asian countries
The Closing of the Gender Gap in Schooling
The results from the 1990 national census indicate that the long standing gender gap in educational attainment favouring boys over girls has closed in Thailand at all levels. This occurred as responses to generalized questions on attitudes about schooling for boys and girls on nationally representative surveys are showing a substantial reduction in the preference for educating sons more than daughters, although some preference for sons persists. …
Older people and Aids
Grandparents and grandchildren
Recent surveys in Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam reveal that substantial proportions of persons aged 60 and older co-reside with grandchildren and commonly provide grandparental care. Usually the grandchildren's parents are also present. Situations in which the grandchildren's parents are absent are considerably less frequent. Parents are commonly the main source of the grandchildren's financial support even if absent. Most grandparents that provi…
Return migration in the context of parental assistance in the Aids epidemic
Breast feeding, fertility and infant mortality
Concern about high infant mortality and its suspected connection with the lack of breast-feeding stimulated the collection of statistics about the frequency of breast-feeding in several German states during the late roth and early 20th centuries. Contrary to the assumption that universal and extended breast-feeding is customary among rural agricultural populations, large regional variations existed both in the proportion of children who were brea…
Law, marriage and illegitimacy in nineteenth-century Germany
Concern arose among legislators in several German States during the first half of the nineteenth century about overpopulation and increasing numbers of the impoverished classes. This led them to pass legislation restricting marriage to those considered by the community authorities as morally and financially capable of rearing a family. Census data at the time of the repeal of these laws indicate the extent to which they succeeded in repressing ma…
Demographic Analysis
Teaching population dynamics with a simulation exercise
Because many students learn general points best by an empirical demonstration rather than by a purely analytical approach, most of the mysteries of the formation and the evolution of a population under the action of mortality and fertility can be conveniently demonstrated on a computer in the form of population projections under various assumptions. Such an exercise can be simple and yet constitute a powerful teaching tool. Not only will it enabl…
Two and a half centuries of demographic history in a Bavarian village
A village genealogy containing family histories of couples married between 1692 and 1939 serves as the basis for a study of the demographic history of a Bavarian village. The past patterns of marriage, re-marriage, widowhood, illegitimacy, bridal pregnancy, marital fertility, family size, and birth intervals are examined. Both the age at marriage and illegitimacy increased and then declined during the nineteenth century, apparently in response to…
The decline of non-marital fertility in Europe, 1880–1940
Between 1880 and 1940, to take approximate dates, illegitimate fertility rates in Europe dropped precipitously, falling in most countries by 50% or more. The rates used throughout this paper relate extra-marital births to the number of unmarried (i.e. single, widowed and divorced) women; we use a standardized index, I ({ih}) to be discussed later. In Fig. 1 we present most of the European series of I ( h )'s that can be computed from existing cen…
The Decline of Non-Marital Fertility in Europe, 1880-1940
Desired family size in Thailand
Data for both rural and urban women in Thailand indicate that the large majority of respondents are able to provide numerical responses to questions on desired family size. Although there is evidence that some women tend to rationalize the number of children they have when stating the number they would want if they were recently married, the vast majority of respondents prefer a number which is different from the number of living children they ha…
Thailand
The Longitudinal Study of Social Economic and Demographic Change conducted by the Institute of Population Studies Chulalongkorn University is the first study to collect data on fertility and family planning as well as a wide variety of other topics from essentially national rural and urban samples in Thailand. This report examines some of the information gathered on fertility desire for additional children and knowledge attitude and practice of f…
The Longitudinal Study of Social, Economic, and Demographic Change in Thailand
Research Article| April 01 1974 The Longitudinal Study of Social, Economic, and Demographic Change in Thailand: Review of Findings Visid Prachuabmoh, Visid Prachuabmoh Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar John Knodel John Knodel Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Far Eastern Survey (1945) 14 (4): 350–364. https://doi.org/10.2307/2642789 Views Icon Views Article contents F…
The Longitudinal Study of Social, Economic, and Demographic Change in Thailand
Demographic aspects of fertility in Thailand
Data from a national rural and urban sample survey are analysed in order to examine various demographic aspects of fertility in Thailand. Marital fertility rates found for Thailand are among the highest in Asia. Particularly noteworthy is the persistence of high fertility at older ages of childbearing for rural women. Cumulative fertility shows a pronounced relationship with age at marriage and current marital status. Women who marry at an older …
Preference for Sons, Desire for Additional Children, and Family Planning in Thailand
Visid Prachuabmoh, John Knodel, J. Oscar Alers, Preference for Sons, Desire for Additional Children, and Family Planning in Thailand, Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 36, No. 3 (Aug., 1974), pp. 601-614
The Decline of Fertility in Germany, 1871-1939
Fertility and Family Planning in Thailand
The Longitudinal Study of Social, Economic, and Demographic Change was undertaken during the late 1960s to provide detailed national information on behavior and attitudes related to fertility and family planning in Thailand. Results from the second round of the study indicate that the practice of family planning increased substantially in both rural and urban areas during the three-year interval between the two rounds. During this period, marital…
Preferences for Sex of Children in Thailand
Findings on sex preference for children from a Thai national survey show substantial differences for men and women. Married women appear to have a weak or moderate preference for sons, coexisting with a desire to have at least one child of each sex. Their husbands' preference for sons is noticeably more pronounced. Son preference is strongest among urban ethnic Chinese men but is also substantial among ethnic Thai men. There is also some evidence…
Urban and Rural Marriage Patterns in Imperial Germany
Peer Reviewed
The Decline of Fertility in Germany, 1871-1939
Town and Country in Nineteenth-Century Germany
The impact of breast feeding patterns on the biometric analysis of infant mortality
A major assumption of the biometric analysis of infant mortality as developed by Bourgeois-Pichat is that the age structure of infant deaths after the first month of life is virtually constant across time and cultures. Reanalysis of results from studies which compare the mortality of infants according to the type of feeding indicated that the relationship between mortality and age within the first year of life followed different patterns for brea…
Response Reliability in a Longitudinal Survey in Thailand
The two rounds of the National Longitudinal Study in Thailand provide a useful opportunity to explore response reliability in a large-scale social and demographic survey in a developing country. The results indicate that nonrandom reliability at the individual level ranged from quite high (for several straightforward, facual questions) to quite low (for most attitudinal questions). There was considerable distributional stability, however, even fo…
Family Limitation and the Fertility Transition
The age patterns of marital fertility levels and decline in modern Asia and historical Europe are analysed in order to answer two questions: (1) How closely do the age patterns of marital fertility in both areas prior to a systematic fertility decline conform to the age pattern of natural fertility? (2) How similar are the age patterns of the fertility transition experienced in Europe in the past, and the age pattern of fertility decline now unde…
Natural fertility in pre-industrial Germany
Evidence from the analysis of reconstituted family histories of couples married before 1850 based on ten village genealogies suggests that family limitation was largely absent in pre-industrial German village populations. By and large, marital fertility schedules of this pre-industrial period conform to the age pattern of natural fertility. Women bore their last child at relatively high ages and apparently were not influenced by previous experien…
From natural fertility to family limitation
Utilizing data from a sample of German village genealogies, it is possible to document the changes in reproductive patterns on the family level that started to take place in Germany during the nineteenth century and formed the basis for the secular decline in fertility which eventually encompassed the entire country. One striking finding from this study was the substantial diversity among the small sample of villages in terms of the timing of the…
Lessons from the Past
Drawing on data compiled during Princeton European Fertility Project authors find that the historical record suggests relative lack of importance of income and prices in determining demand for children prior to or during early stages of fertility decline [in Europe during last century]. They assert that some early features of European transition from high to low fertility can only be explained by a change in tastes or a decline in cost of fertili…
Sociology (87 works) · Demography (85 works) · Population (71 works) · Medicine (55 works) · Economics (54 works) · Geography (50 works) · Psychology (49 works) · Demography (44 works) · Economic growth (44 works) · Political science (40 works)