Lorenzo Bosi
Biographic Data
| ID | 3594875 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Lorenzo Bosi |
| GIVEN NAMES | Lorenzo |
| FAMILY NAME | Bosi |
| SIGNATURE | BOSI L |
| AFFILIATIONS | European University Institute |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2815-7571 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 39 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 324 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 36 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 3 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2006 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 10 |
Shifting Forms of Political Violence Across Socio-Spatial Configurations
Drawing on Norbert Elias’ concept of “figuration,” this article argues against treating armed groups as static, autonomous units (reification) and instead advocates for analyzing forms of political violence as shifting socio-spatial configurations. By analyzing political violence as a dynamic web of interdependencies between actors and their environments, this perspective offers three key advantages: it establishes a morphology based on recurring…
The Troubles in Northern Ireland and Theories of Social Movements
This volume focuses on a number of research questions, drawn from social movement scholarship: How does nonviolent mobilisation emerge and persist in deeply divided societies? What are the trajectories of participation in violent groups in these societies? What is the relationship between overt mobilisation, clandestine operations and protests among political prisoners? What is the role of media coverage and identity politics? Can there be non-se…
Politics in Flux
Phenomena of collective action – of collective political conflict1 – are neither uniform nor stable. They comprise institutional and non-institution- al actors as well as routine, confrontational, or even violent forms of action. They take place in different arenas, change over time and involve individu- als in different ways, roles, and trajectories. This variance and heterogene- ity corresponds to a diversified research landscape, with separate…
How Young Activists Responded to the First Wave of the Covid-19 Crisis in Italy
This study explores how young activists in Italy responded to the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic using sixteen longitudinal qualitative interviews conducted in 2018 and 2020. Our fieldwork suggests that the Covid-19 crisis did not resonate with any significant shift in the trajectory of participation. At the same time, three major empirical observations with regard to time reappropriation, care practices, and digital activism were made, all …
The impact of intolerance on young people’s online political participation
This article investigates the impact of intolerance on online political participation among young Europeans. Based on the theoretical insights of (in)tolerance, political participation, youth, and media studies, we explore whether and to what extent intolerant attitudes drive young people’s online political participation. In doing this, we draw on original survey data with booster samples for young people, covering nine European countries. Our re…
Explaining youth radicalism as a positioning of the self at opposite extremes
The concept of ‘young radicals’ is gaining ground in a context of generalized discontent – often, this is due to the fact that young people engage increasingly in unconventional forms of political activism. Much less is known about young people holding radical political attitudes. This article advances our understanding of those young people who place themselves on the extremes of the ideological scale and investigates how those with radical righ…
Comparing young people's participation across political organizations from a life course perspective
This paper draws on a study of the life course of 40 young people (aged 18–35) in Bologna (Italy), who are active in eight different political organizations. It explores whether the political organization, given that the city's political context is the same for all participants, affects the variation of their pathways. It does so by answering the following question: which phases in the lives of young participants are interconnected with the polit…
Paths toward the Same Form of Collective Action
Heterogeneous collective actors often select the same form of action, but there is no academic investigation into how and when this happens. This article does so focusing on direct social action, that is, a form of collective action that does not primarily focus upon claiming something from the state but instead focuses upon directly transforming some specific aspects of society. Building on conceptual categories developed by social movements’ sc…
Representation of Youth in the Public Debate in Greece, Italy, and Spain
Recent scientific studies have reached the near-unanimous conclusion that the media produce a stereotypical representation of young people. However, research in this area has not often scrutinized whether there are any significant differences in the coverage of the subject matter. Notably, this article examines whether the political leaning of newspapers has any impact on the levels of plurality in the news coverage of youth. On the basis of poli…
Life beyond the ballot box
Drawing on electoral participation and social movement studies, we develop a typology of abstainers on the basis of their forms of non-electoral participation, and explore the determinants that drive belonging to each of these sub-groups. Although there is a positive correlation between electoral turnout and non-electoral participation, through applying latent class analyses and regressions we find that there is a subset of abstainers who decide …
Armed activism as the enactment of a collective identity
This paper argues that micro-mobilization into armed activism is strongly motivated by the enactment of an identity that people already have prior to their mobilization as a way to strongly assert and emphasize individual agency in the face of major changes in the political context. Empirically, it advocates that those who joined the Provisional IRA between 1969 and 1972 did so in order to respond to a need for action by a northern nationalist co…
Politicizing Solidarity in Times of Crisis
Alternative action organizations (AAOs) are collective bodies engaged in carrying out alternatives to dominant socioeconomic and cultural practices through actions that aim to provide people with alternative ways of enduring day-to-day difficulties and challenges in hard economic times. They are often interpreted as merely "philanthropic" actors, although it is not rare to see them go beyond the provision of direct services to people in need and …
The Troubles in Northern Ireland and Theories of Social Movements
Protest and Social MovementsRecent years have seen an explosion of protest movements around the world, and academic theories are racing to catch up with them.This series aims to further our understanding of the origins, dealings, decisions, and outcomes of social movements by fostering dialogue among many traditions of thought, across European nations and across continents.All theoretical perspectives are welcome.Books in the series typically com…
What Is to Be Done? Agency and the Causation of Transformative Events in Ireland's 1916 Rising and 1969 Long March
This article investigates the role of agency in the causation of transformative events by looking at the competition between rival strands within social movements. The creative activity involved in the elaboration and execution of rival strategies is used as a proxy for agency. We present a paired comparison of two very different transformative events in twentieth-century Ireland—the Easter Rising of 1916 and the Long March from Belfast to Derry …
Dynamics of Political Violence
TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields
Which Crisis? European Crisis and National Contexts in Public Discourse
Is there such a thing as “the crisis” in the European public discourse? We investigate the Great Recession as it appears in the public discourse of seven European countries (Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland). We do so through a political claim analysis conducted on the most important newspapers of each country between 2005 and 2014. We show that the economic crisis, as a shared experience able to produce consequences…
Movimientos sociales y efectos interrelacionados
Este artículo sistematiza una perspectiva de investigación que evalúa cómo los diferentes tipos de resultados de los movimientos sociales se influyen mutuamente en el tiempo. Esto debería ofrecer una perspectiva diferente sobre las consecuencias de los movimientos sociales, cambiando el foco de atención desde los resultados individuales a procesos de cambio social generados a partir de la interacción entre diferentes tipos de efectos. La variedad…
Social Movements and Political Violence
The Consequences of Social Movements
Social movements have attracted much attention in recent years, both from scholars and among the wider public. This book examines the consequences of social movements, covering such issues as the impact of social movements on the life course of participants and the population in general, on political elites and markets, and on political parties and processes of social movement institutionalization. The volume makes a significant contribution to r…
The consequences of social movements
Citizens of both democratic and authoritarian countries seem to become less supportive of those in power and more willing to use non-conventional forms of collective action for putting pressure on authorities. This was the case, for example, during the past few years, with the major upsurges of protest, in Eastern Europe (Coloured Revolutions), in the Middle East (Arab Spring), in Southern Europe (the Indignados in Spain, the Agonaktismenoi in Gr…
The Dynamics of Radicalization
Why is it that some social movements engaged in contentious politics experience radicalization whereas others do not? The Dynamics of Radicalization offers an innovative reply by investigating how and when social movement organizations switch from a nonviolent mode of contention to a violent one. Moving beyond existing explanations that posit aggressive motivations, grievances or violence-prone ideologies, this book demonstrates how these factors…
Breaking Down the State
Recent years have seen an explosion of protest movements around the world, and academic theories are racing to catch up with them. This series aims to further our understanding of the origins, dealings, decisions, and outcomes of social movements by fostering dialogue among many traditions of thought, across European nations and across continents. All theoretical perspectives are welcome. Books in the series typically combine theory with empirica…
Dynamics of Political Violence
Safe Territories and Violent Political Organizations
This article assesses how the concept of safe territory can expand our understanding of the persistence of, and eventual disengagement from, violence by violent political organizations. The explanatory utility of this concept is demonstrated through an analysis of the cycles of political violence perpetrated by the Red Brigades in Italy and the Provisional Irish Republican Army in Northern Ireland. This work offers two main illustrative hypothese…
Movimenti e cambiamento sociale. L'interrelazione delle conseguenze
Nell'ultima decade la letteratura sugli effetti dei movimenti sociali ha conosciuto una notevole espansione. Questo sviluppo ha generato una domanda di miglioramento dei nostri approcci alla materia sia a livello teorico sia metodologico. Nonostante tutto questo, nel cercare di misurare l'impatto dei movimenti sociali, legando questi agli obiettivi che alcune componenti di un movimento dichiarano di avere, la ricerca scientifica sulla materia ha …
Micro-mobilization into Armed Groups
First published online : December 2012
Introduction
Over the last decade there has been an increased focus on social movement outcomes.1 This increased attention has led to calls for the improvement of our theoretical and conceptual arguments, the more effective implementation of methodological tools, and more empirical examples based on broader comparisons of issues and contexts (Giugni 1998; Earl 2000; Burstein and Linton 2002; Meyer 2005; Giugni 2008). With this special issue of Mobilization, o…
Relational Dynamics and Processes of Radicalization
We propose an explanatory framework for the comparative study of radicalization that focuses on its "how" and "when" questions. We build on the relational tradition in the study of social movements and contentious politics by expanding on a mechanism-process research strategy. Attentive to similarities as well as to dissimilarities, our comparative framework traces processes of radicalization by delineating four key arenas of interaction—between …
Dynamics of Political Violence
The Dynamics of Social Movement Development
This article extends our understanding of social movement development through a qualitative longitudinal analysis of Northern Ireland's civil rights movement during the 1960s. It applies Diani's (1996) approach that links categories of master frames with political opportunity structures. The analysis chronicles how political context shaped the evolution of the moveSment's dominant message and traces how political opportunities imparted advantages…
Explaining Pathways to Armed Activism in the Provisional Irish Republican Army, 1969–1972
In this article three pathways into armed activism are identified among those who joined the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) in Northern Ireland between 1969 and 1972. The accounts of former volunteers generally suggest that for those who were already involved in the Republican movement before 1969, a trajectory of mobilization emerged because of the long-standing counterhegemonic consciousness present in their homes, which in turn stron…
Territoriality and Mobilization
This article assesses how the concept of territoriality can expand our understanding of the relationship between space and political mobilization. While the spatial aspects of social movement mobilization have received increased attention over the last decade, the specifically territorial aspects of mobilization remain undertheorized. This article elaborates on Sack's (1986) characterization of territoriality as a means to exert power by delimiti…
Life beyond the ballot box
Drawing on electoral participation and social movement studies, we develop a typology of abstainers on the basis of their forms of non-electoral participation, and explore the determinants that drive belonging to each of these sub-groups. Although there is a positive correlation between electoral turnout and non-electoral participation, through applying latent class analyses and regressions we find that there is a subset of abstainers who decide …
Politicizing Solidarity in Times of Crisis
Alternative action organizations (AAOs) are collective bodies engaged in carrying out alternatives to dominant socioeconomic and cultural practices through actions that aim to provide people with alternative ways of enduring day-to-day difficulties and challenges in hard economic times. They are often interpreted as merely "philanthropic" actors, although it is not rare to see them go beyond the provision of direct services to people in need and …
What Is to Be Done? Agency and the Causation of Transformative Events in Ireland's 1916 Rising and 1969 Long March
This article investigates the role of agency in the causation of transformative events by looking at the competition between rival strands within social movements. The creative activity involved in the elaboration and execution of rival strategies is used as a proxy for agency. We present a paired comparison of two very different transformative events in twentieth-century Ireland—the Easter Rising of 1916 and the Long March from Belfast to Derry …
Explaining the Emergence Process of the Civil Rights Protest in Northern Ireland (1945-1968)
This article explains how the contingent of complex interactions among pre-existing structural settings, institutional constraints, processes of regional and international transformative events, and uniquely combined developments within and between different contenders in the aftermath of the Second World War shaped Northern Ireland socio and political relations and thus instigated the Civil Rights Movement mobilization process. By re-introducing…
Which Crisis? European Crisis and National Contexts in Public Discourse
Is there such a thing as “the crisis” in the European public discourse? We investigate the Great Recession as it appears in the public discourse of seven European countries (Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland). We do so through a political claim analysis conducted on the most important newspapers of each country between 2005 and 2014. We show that the economic crisis, as a shared experience able to produce consequences…
Explaining youth radicalism as a positioning of the self at opposite extremes
The concept of ‘young radicals’ is gaining ground in a context of generalized discontent – often, this is due to the fact that young people engage increasingly in unconventional forms of political activism. Much less is known about young people holding radical political attitudes. This article advances our understanding of those young people who place themselves on the extremes of the ideological scale and investigates how those with radical righ…
Explaining Pathways to Armed Activism in the Provisional Irish Republican Army, 1969-1972
In this article three pathways into armed activism are identified among those who joined the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) in Northern Ireland between 1969 and 1972. The accounts of former volunteers generally suggest that for those who were already involved in the Republican movement before 1969, a trajectory of mobilization emerged because of the longstanding counterhegemonic consciousness present in their homes, which in turn strong…
Movimientos sociales y efectos interrelacionados
Este artículo sistematiza una perspectiva de investigación que evalúa cómo los diferentes tipos de resultados de los movimientos sociales se influyen mutuamente en el tiempo. Esto debería ofrecer una perspectiva diferente sobre las consecuencias de los movimientos sociales, cambiando el foco de atención desde los resultados individuales a procesos de cambio social generados a partir de la interacción entre diferentes tipos de efectos. La variedad…
Safe Territories and Violent Political Organizations
This article assesses how the concept of safe territory can expand our understanding of the persistence of, and eventual disengagement from, violence by violent political organizations. The explanatory utility of this concept is demonstrated through an analysis of the cycles of political violence perpetrated by the Red Brigades in Italy and the Provisional Irish Republican Army in Northern Ireland. This work offers two main illustrative hypothese…
Armed activism as the enactment of a collective identity
This paper argues that micro-mobilization into armed activism is strongly motivated by the enactment of an identity that people already have prior to their mobilization as a way to strongly assert and emphasize individual agency in the face of major changes in the political context. Empirically, it advocates that those who joined the Provisional IRA between 1969 and 1972 did so in order to respond to a need for action by a northern nationalist co…
The Study of the Consequences of Armed Groups
Despite the development of the political violence and terrorism literature, which has moved strongly forward in the past decade, scientific works on the consequences of armed groups are still rare. This article encourages cross-fertilization between the sparse studies of the consequences of political violence and the growing body of research on how social movements matter. First, we show the variety of potential outcomes of armed groups' violent …
The impact of intolerance on young people’s online political participation
This article investigates the impact of intolerance on online political participation among young Europeans. Based on the theoretical insights of (in)tolerance, political participation, youth, and media studies, we explore whether and to what extent intolerant attitudes drive young people’s online political participation. In doing this, we draw on original survey data with booster samples for young people, covering nine European countries. Our re…
État des savoirs et pistes de recherche sur la violence politique
Critique internationale.Revue comparative de sciences sociales est une revue trimestrielle de langue française consacrée à l'international.Elle est
How Young Activists Responded to the First Wave of the Covid-19 Crisis in Italy
This study explores how young activists in Italy responded to the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic using sixteen longitudinal qualitative interviews conducted in 2018 and 2020. Our fieldwork suggests that the Covid-19 crisis did not resonate with any significant shift in the trajectory of participation. At the same time, three major empirical observations with regard to time reappropriation, care practices, and digital activism were made, all …
Comparing young people's participation across political organizations from a life course perspective
This paper draws on a study of the life course of 40 young people (aged 18–35) in Bologna (Italy), who are active in eight different political organizations. It explores whether the political organization, given that the city's political context is the same for all participants, affects the variation of their pathways. It does so by answering the following question: which phases in the lives of young participants are interconnected with the polit…
Representation of Youth in the Public Debate in Greece, Italy, and Spain
Recent scientific studies have reached the near-unanimous conclusion that the media produce a stereotypical representation of young people. However, research in this area has not often scrutinized whether there are any significant differences in the coverage of the subject matter. Notably, this article examines whether the political leaning of newspapers has any impact on the levels of plurality in the news coverage of youth. On the basis of poli…
The Dynamics of Social Movement Development
This article extends our understanding of social movement development through a qualitative longitudinal analysis of Northern Ireland's civil rights movement during the 1960s. It applies Diani's (1996) approach that links categories of master frames with political opportunity structures. The analysis chronicles how political context shaped the evolution of the moveSment's dominant message and traces how political opportunities imparted advantages…
Social Movement Participation and the “Timing” of Involvement
Drawing on Bert Klandermans (2004) hypothesis that instrumentality, identity, and ideology are interacting motivations, which increase the likelihood of participation in social movements, this article examines why individuals joined the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Movement (CRM) during the 1960s. Analyzing data gathered from semi-structured interviews, newspapers, autobiographies, secondary sources, government and movement organizations documen…
Explaining the Emergence Process of the Civil Rights Protest in Northern Ireland (1945-1968)
This article explains how the contingent of complex interactions among pre-existing structural settings, institutional constraints, processes of regional and international transformative events, and uniquely combined developments within and between different contenders in the aftermath of the Second World War shaped Northern Ireland socio and political relations and thus instigated the Civil Rights Movement mobilization process. By re-introducing…
Writing the Sixties into Northern Ireland and Northern Ireland into the Sixties
The overarching purpose of the special section as a whole is to move away from parochial perspectives by studying the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Movement within an international context and by drawing upon theoretical and methodological approaches that have been developed by Sixties scholars to study experiences elsewhere. It is our intention that this exchange should be a two-way process – that Northern Ireland and the global Sixties should b…
Introduction
Over the last decade there has been an increased focus on social movement outcomes.1 This increased attention has led to calls for the improvement of our theoretical and conceptual arguments, the more effective implementation of methodological tools, and more empirical examples based on broader comparisons of issues and contexts (Giugni 1998; Earl 2000; Burstein and Linton 2002; Meyer 2005; Giugni 2008). With this special issue of Mobilization, o…
Territoriality and Mobilization
This article assesses how the concept of territoriality can expand our understanding of the relationship between space and political mobilization. While the spatial aspects of social movement mobilization have received increased attention over the last decade, the specifically territorial aspects of mobilization remain undertheorized. This article elaborates on Sack's (1986) characterization of territoriality as a means to exert power by delimiti…
La violenza politica
With this special issue our aim is to take some steps toward examining the various manifestations of violent repertoires of action, both historical and contemporary, around the globe. This introduction will develop a theoretical foundation for the contributions contained in this special issue by stressing the connection between the four articles and laying out a few important achievements and problems in studying of political violence. Each of th…
Protest Beyond Borders
The protest movements that followed the Second World War have recently become the object of study for various disciplines; however, the exchange of ideas between research fields, and comparative research in general, is lacking. An international and interdisciplinary dialogue is vital to not only describe the similarities and differences between the single national movements but also to evaluate how they contributed to the formation and evolution …
Movimenti e cambiamento sociale. L'interrelazione delle conseguenze
Nell'ultima decade la letteratura sugli effetti dei movimenti sociali ha conosciuto una notevole espansione. Questo sviluppo ha generato una domanda di miglioramento dei nostri approcci alla materia sia a livello teorico sia metodologico. Nonostante tutto questo, nel cercare di misurare l'impatto dei movimenti sociali, legando questi agli obiettivi che alcune componenti di un movimento dichiarano di avere, la ricerca scientifica sulla materia ha …
État des savoirs et pistes de recherche sur la violence politique
Critique internationale.Revue comparative de sciences sociales est une revue trimestrielle de langue française consacrée à l'international.Elle est
Explaining Pathways to Armed Activism in the Provisional Irish Republican Army, 1969-1972
In this article three pathways into armed activism are identified among those who joined the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) in Northern Ireland between 1969 and 1972. The accounts of former volunteers generally suggest that for those who were already involved in the Republican movement before 1969, a trajectory of mobilization emerged because of the longstanding counterhegemonic consciousness present in their homes, which in turn strong…
Explaining Pathways to Armed Activism in the Provisional Irish Republican Army, 1969–1972
In this article three pathways into armed activism are identified among those who joined the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA) in Northern Ireland between 1969 and 1972. The accounts of former volunteers generally suggest that for those who were already involved in the Republican movement before 1969, a trajectory of mobilization emerged because of the long-standing counterhegemonic consciousness present in their homes, which in turn stron…
The Study of the Consequences of Armed Groups
Despite the development of the political violence and terrorism literature, which has moved strongly forward in the past decade, scientific works on the consequences of armed groups are still rare. This article encourages cross-fertilization between the sparse studies of the consequences of political violence and the growing body of research on how social movements matter. First, we show the variety of potential outcomes of armed groups' violent …
Relational Dynamics and Processes of Radicalization
We propose an explanatory framework for the comparative study of radicalization that focuses on its "how" and "when" questions. We build on the relational tradition in the study of social movements and contentious politics by expanding on a mechanism-process research strategy. Attentive to similarities as well as to dissimilarities, our comparative framework traces processes of radicalization by delineating four key arenas of interaction—between …
Micro-mobilization into Armed Groups
First published online : December 2012
Safe Territories and Violent Political Organizations
This article assesses how the concept of safe territory can expand our understanding of the persistence of, and eventual disengagement from, violence by violent political organizations. The explanatory utility of this concept is demonstrated through an analysis of the cycles of political violence perpetrated by the Red Brigades in Italy and the Provisional Irish Republican Army in Northern Ireland. This work offers two main illustrative hypothese…
Dynamics of Political Violence
Social Movements and Political Violence
The Consequences of Social Movements
Social movements have attracted much attention in recent years, both from scholars and among the wider public. This book examines the consequences of social movements, covering such issues as the impact of social movements on the life course of participants and the population in general, on political elites and markets, and on political parties and processes of social movement institutionalization. The volume makes a significant contribution to r…
The consequences of social movements
Citizens of both democratic and authoritarian countries seem to become less supportive of those in power and more willing to use non-conventional forms of collective action for putting pressure on authorities. This was the case, for example, during the past few years, with the major upsurges of protest, in Eastern Europe (Coloured Revolutions), in the Middle East (Arab Spring), in Southern Europe (the Indignados in Spain, the Agonaktismenoi in Gr…
The Dynamics of Radicalization
Why is it that some social movements engaged in contentious politics experience radicalization whereas others do not? The Dynamics of Radicalization offers an innovative reply by investigating how and when social movement organizations switch from a nonviolent mode of contention to a violent one. Moving beyond existing explanations that posit aggressive motivations, grievances or violence-prone ideologies, this book demonstrates how these factors…
Breaking Down the State
Recent years have seen an explosion of protest movements around the world, and academic theories are racing to catch up with them. This series aims to further our understanding of the origins, dealings, decisions, and outcomes of social movements by fostering dialogue among many traditions of thought, across European nations and across continents. All theoretical perspectives are welcome. Books in the series typically combine theory with empirica…
Dynamics of Political Violence
TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields
Which Crisis? European Crisis and National Contexts in Public Discourse
Is there such a thing as “the crisis” in the European public discourse? We investigate the Great Recession as it appears in the public discourse of seven European countries (Germany, Greece, Italy, Poland, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland). We do so through a political claim analysis conducted on the most important newspapers of each country between 2005 and 2014. We show that the economic crisis, as a shared experience able to produce consequences…
Movimientos sociales y efectos interrelacionados
Este artículo sistematiza una perspectiva de investigación que evalúa cómo los diferentes tipos de resultados de los movimientos sociales se influyen mutuamente en el tiempo. Esto debería ofrecer una perspectiva diferente sobre las consecuencias de los movimientos sociales, cambiando el foco de atención desde los resultados individuales a procesos de cambio social generados a partir de la interacción entre diferentes tipos de efectos. La variedad…
Political science (35 works) · Politics (31 works) · Sociology (30 works) · Law (28 works) · Political economy (17 works) · Law (16 works) · Social movement (15 works) · Irish and British Studies (14 works) · Gender Studies (9 works) · Political Conflict and Governance (9 works)