Caroline Lloyd
Biographic Data
| ID | 3599076 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Caroline Lloyd |
| GIVEN NAMES | Caroline |
| FAMILY NAME | Lloyd |
| SIGNATURE | LLOYD C |
| AFFILIATIONS | Cardiff University |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-2624-8031 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 28 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 185 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 28 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1969 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 9 |
Digitalisation, unions and ‘country-effect’
Trade unions are potentially important actors in shaping digitalisation to benefit workers. Research suggests that supportive national labour market institutions can help unions to influence digital change. This article considers the reach of national institutions, or ‘country effect’, and its relationship with union strength at the workplace. It applies a multi-level analysis to explore union influence over digital technology in the food and dri…
‘They tell us after they've decided things’
The role of trade unions in the social shaping of digital technologies is a vital question for research, public policy and social justice. This article draws on interviews with two unions in the grocery retail sector in the United Kingdom and Norway, and examines their involvement in technology decisions, and whether they can shape better outcomes for workers. By comparing a ‘neo‐liberal’ economy and a ‘Nordic welfare state’, the article consider…
Food for thought
There is intense debate surrounding digitalisation and its implications for work. However, empirical research within established workplaces, especially international comparative studies, remains limited. This article uses cross‐country research to further analysis of the relative importance of different institutions, actors and power relations in shaping digitalisation and worker outcomes. Through a multi‐level approach, it compares the use of in…
Fewer jobs, better jobs? An international comparative study of robots and ‘routine’ work in the public sector
Routine manual work is often considered particularly vulnerable to digitalisation. Alongside potential employment effects, jobs are expected to change in terms of task and skill requirements. This article contributes to debates on the pace of digitalisation and the impact on low‐skilled manual work through a study of transport robots in public hospitals in Norway and Scotland. Drawing on qualitative research, the findings are used to analyse the …
Rethinking country effects
Current debates around robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) are dominated by concerns over the threat to employment, amid widely varying estimates of potential job losses. Countries are expected to fare differently, but there is little comparative research that goes beyond analysing industry and occupational structures. This article rethinks ‘country effects’ by exploring the role of institutions and social actors in shaping technological ch…
Response to Reviews of Skills in the Age of Over-Qualification
Opportunity Knocks? The Possibilities and Levers for Improving Job Quality
This article focuses on demands and interventions to improve or maintain job quality. There is a need for better understanding of what can be done, by whom, and with what impacts. The article provides a framework for reflection focused on interventions within and outwith the workplace. Drawing on secondary data, it outlines the renewed policy and academic interest in job quality, examines the multilevel reasons for intervention and the factors th…
It’s all hands-on, even for management’
The growth in managerial jobs is often presented by policy makers as evidence of the UK’s success in developing high-skilled, well-paid employment. At the same time, concerns have been raised that the lack of higher level qualifications in the managerial workforce has a detrimental impact on productivity and performance. This article focuses on the relatively neglected figure of the first line manager in private services through a study of the UK…
Quel développement professionnel continu pour les enseignants des matières professionnelles ? L’exemple de la coiffure. Approche comparée Angleterre, Pays de Galles, France et Norvège
Les enseignants de matière professionnelle ont la particularité de posséder une double identité professionnelle : ils sont enseignants mais sont aussi plombier, électricien, coiffeur ou autre, selon le métier qu’ils ont exercé avant de devenir enseignants. Cette double professionnalité est généralement mal prise en compte en matière de développement professionnel continu (DPC), l’accent étant davantage mis sur le DPC relatif au métier d’enseignan…
Changing job roles in the Norwegian and UK fitness industry
There has been considerable debate about the impact of different national institutional environments on work organization. The Nordic countries, with their strong trade unions and well developed systems of social partnership around collective bargaining and vocational education and training, are found to be particularly advanced when it comes to developing more autonomous job roles. While institutions are said to play a key role, some commentator…
The weakest link? Product market strategies, skill and pay in the hotel industry
There is a widely held assumption that product market strategies, skill and pay are linked. Supportive evidence is typically drawn from manufacturing and using quantitative analyses. Emergent research of the link in services is ambivalent and has methodological limitations. This article addresses this weakness. It compares the skills and pay of room attendants in upper and mid-market hotels using qualitative research. It finds that the link is we…
Raising the quality of vocational teachers
The view that vocational education and training is central to economic prosperity and social well‐being is one that is widely held by policy‐makers in many countries. Delivering this agenda requires skilled and professional teachers. Ensuring that vocational teachers are able to maintain and develop both their ‘craft’ skills and pedagogy, through continuing professional development (CPD), is, therefore, a growing area of policy concern. While res…
Delivering Flexibility
This article provides a comparative analysis of changes in numerical and functional labour flexibility in the French and the UK food processing industry. Based upon case study data, it explores the interaction between competitive pressures and institutional and regulatory structures and their impact on workplace practices. The findings indicate that, faced with a similar competitive environment, firms in both countries have sought to increase lab…
Full of sound and fury, signifying nothing
A current theme within debates over interactive service work is that many routine service jobs are 'skilled' because they require workers to perform 'emotion work' and 'articulation work'. Drawing upon workers' views of their skills in two mass market call centres in the UK, the article questions the use and validity of these new skill concepts. It is argued that these concepts overplay the amount of task variation, discretion and control availab…
Too much pressure? Retailer power and occupational health and safety in the food processing industry
This article examines the impact of supply chain pressures on the UK food processing industry and the implications for occupational health and safety. Based upon case studies in three meat processing plants, the research found that although the number of accidents is declining, little progress has been made in dealing with the widespread ill-health problems associated with largely repetitive and, in some cases, heavy work regimes. Supermarkets pl…
The National Minimum Wage, Low Pay and the UK Hotel Industry
This article examines low pay and the national minimum wage in the UK hotel industry, focusing on the lowest remunerated workers in the industry - room attendants - who have hitherto been overlooked in studies of the industry. It draws on qualitative research from eight case studies and relates this material to other secondary data. By including employees' experience, it reveals the management and employment practices that have limited the effect…
The high skills project and the limits of possibility
In 2003, we wrote a critical reply to Frank Coffield’s reflections in this journal on the significance of the Performance and Innovation Unit’s project on workforce development for the future direction of skills policy in England. As Coffield made clear in a rejoinder, underpinning our arguments are fundamental disagreements about what would be required to tackle the low skills equilibrium and develop the UK as a high skills society. Coffield cri…
Goodbye to all that? a critical re-evaluation of the role of the high performance work organization within the UK skills debate
Forget birth pains, we haven't got past the conception stage yet”. A reply to Frank Coffield's ‘Britain's continuing failure to train
This article is a response to Frank Coffield's recent reflections in this journal on the Performance and Innovation Unit's project on workforce development in Britain. It questions the extent to which the PIU's findings represent a ‘new understanding’ of the UK's skills problem and asks why academics have been so reluctant to spell out what a demand‐side strategy for tackling the problem would involve
The political economy of skill and the limits of educational policy
In the UK policy context, skills, education and learning are seen as a universal solution to a vast array of economic and social problems. In challenging this view, this paper argues that those educationalists calling for progressive reforms to the education system need to acknowledge the reality of the contemporary workplace and the institutional context of UK capitalism. When it comes to the question of how the UK might move towards a more incl…
What is the ‘high skills society’? Some reflections on current academic and policy debates in the UK
The UK government has committed itself to building a high skills future for the UK. However, despite widespread use of terms such as the ‘knowledge economy’, ‘the high skills society’ and ‘the learning society’, there remains much confusion as to the kind of economy or society different commentators are actually aiming at. The paper seeks to add clarity to current debates by mapping the various visions to emerge from three key groupings: (i) gove…
On the 'Political Economy of Skill
(2002). On the 'Political Economy of Skill': Assessing the Possibilities for a Viable High Skills Project in the United Kingdom. New Political Economy: Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 367-395
Computerising the salesforce
Employee participation and involvement in the introduction of change provide specific challenges for the non‐union firm. This article provides evidence from a case study of a pharmaceutical salesforce and argues that the lack of employee ‘voice’ in the introduction of technical change had far‐reaching consequences for employee satisfaction and the performance of the company
Microelectronics in the Clothing Industry
This article examines the impact of CAD/CAM on the UK clothing industry. It questions the extent to which computerisation has led to a greater choice over production strategy and argues that upskilling has not occurred
Skill Shortages in the Clothing Industry
Full of sound and fury, signifying nothing
A current theme within debates over interactive service work is that many routine service jobs are 'skilled' because they require workers to perform 'emotion work' and 'articulation work'. Drawing upon workers' views of their skills in two mass market call centres in the UK, the article questions the use and validity of these new skill concepts. It is argued that these concepts overplay the amount of task variation, discretion and control availab…
Restructuring in the NHS
Rethinking country effects
Current debates around robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) are dominated by concerns over the threat to employment, amid widely varying estimates of potential job losses. Countries are expected to fare differently, but there is little comparative research that goes beyond analysing industry and occupational structures. This article rethinks ‘country effects’ by exploring the role of institutions and social actors in shaping technological ch…
Opportunity Knocks? The Possibilities and Levers for Improving Job Quality
This article focuses on demands and interventions to improve or maintain job quality. There is a need for better understanding of what can be done, by whom, and with what impacts. The article provides a framework for reflection focused on interventions within and outwith the workplace. Drawing on secondary data, it outlines the renewed policy and academic interest in job quality, examines the multilevel reasons for intervention and the factors th…
Too much pressure? Retailer power and occupational health and safety in the food processing industry
This article examines the impact of supply chain pressures on the UK food processing industry and the implications for occupational health and safety. Based upon case studies in three meat processing plants, the research found that although the number of accidents is declining, little progress has been made in dealing with the widespread ill-health problems associated with largely repetitive and, in some cases, heavy work regimes. Supermarkets pl…
On the 'Political Economy of Skill
(2002). On the 'Political Economy of Skill': Assessing the Possibilities for a Viable High Skills Project in the United Kingdom. New Political Economy: Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 367-395
The National Minimum Wage, Low Pay and the UK Hotel Industry
This article examines low pay and the national minimum wage in the UK hotel industry, focusing on the lowest remunerated workers in the industry - room attendants - who have hitherto been overlooked in studies of the industry. It draws on qualitative research from eight case studies and relates this material to other secondary data. By including employees' experience, it reveals the management and employment practices that have limited the effect…
The weakest link? Product market strategies, skill and pay in the hotel industry
There is a widely held assumption that product market strategies, skill and pay are linked. Supportive evidence is typically drawn from manufacturing and using quantitative analyses. Emergent research of the link in services is ambivalent and has methodological limitations. This article addresses this weakness. It compares the skills and pay of room attendants in upper and mid-market hotels using qualitative research. It finds that the link is we…
Goodbye to all that? a critical re-evaluation of the role of the high performance work organization within the UK skills debate
The political economy of skill and the limits of educational policy
In the UK policy context, skills, education and learning are seen as a universal solution to a vast array of economic and social problems. In challenging this view, this paper argues that those educationalists calling for progressive reforms to the education system need to acknowledge the reality of the contemporary workplace and the institutional context of UK capitalism. When it comes to the question of how the UK might move towards a more incl…
Food for thought
There is intense debate surrounding digitalisation and its implications for work. However, empirical research within established workplaces, especially international comparative studies, remains limited. This article uses cross‐country research to further analysis of the relative importance of different institutions, actors and power relations in shaping digitalisation and worker outcomes. Through a multi‐level approach, it compares the use of in…
Restructuring in the West Midlands’clothing industry
This article reviews the flexible specialisation debate in the context of the clothing industry in the West Midlands. It questions the central importance given to the introduction of technology in the recent restructuring of the industry and argues that such changes do not necessarily benefit the workforce
It’s all hands-on, even for management’
The growth in managerial jobs is often presented by policy makers as evidence of the UK’s success in developing high-skilled, well-paid employment. At the same time, concerns have been raised that the lack of higher level qualifications in the managerial workforce has a detrimental impact on productivity and performance. This article focuses on the relatively neglected figure of the first line manager in private services through a study of the UK…
Changing job roles in the Norwegian and UK fitness industry
There has been considerable debate about the impact of different national institutional environments on work organization. The Nordic countries, with their strong trade unions and well developed systems of social partnership around collective bargaining and vocational education and training, are found to be particularly advanced when it comes to developing more autonomous job roles. While institutions are said to play a key role, some commentator…
Forget birth pains, we haven't got past the conception stage yet”. A reply to Frank Coffield's ‘Britain's continuing failure to train
This article is a response to Frank Coffield's recent reflections in this journal on the Performance and Innovation Unit's project on workforce development in Britain. It questions the extent to which the PIU's findings represent a ‘new understanding’ of the UK's skills problem and asks why academics have been so reluctant to spell out what a demand‐side strategy for tackling the problem would involve
Microelectronics in the Clothing Industry
This article examines the impact of CAD/CAM on the UK clothing industry. It questions the extent to which computerisation has led to a greater choice over production strategy and argues that upskilling has not occurred
The high skills project and the limits of possibility
In 2003, we wrote a critical reply to Frank Coffield’s reflections in this journal on the significance of the Performance and Innovation Unit’s project on workforce development for the future direction of skills policy in England. As Coffield made clear in a rejoinder, underpinning our arguments are fundamental disagreements about what would be required to tackle the low skills equilibrium and develop the UK as a high skills society. Coffield cri…
What is the ‘high skills society’? Some reflections on current academic and policy debates in the UK
The UK government has committed itself to building a high skills future for the UK. However, despite widespread use of terms such as the ‘knowledge economy’, ‘the high skills society’ and ‘the learning society’, there remains much confusion as to the kind of economy or society different commentators are actually aiming at. The paper seeks to add clarity to current debates by mapping the various visions to emerge from three key groupings: (i) gove…
Computerising the salesforce
Employee participation and involvement in the introduction of change provide specific challenges for the non‐union firm. This article provides evidence from a case study of a pharmaceutical salesforce and argues that the lack of employee ‘voice’ in the introduction of technical change had far‐reaching consequences for employee satisfaction and the performance of the company
Skill Shortages in the Clothing Industry
Economic Activity
Journal Article G. C. Harcourt, P. H. Karmel and R. H. Wallace. Economic Activity.L. Tarshis. Modern Economics. An IntroductionC. Lloyd. Microeconomic Analysis Get access Economic Activity. By G. C. Harcourt, P. H. Karmel and R. H. Wallace. (London: Cambridge University Press, 1967. Pp. xi + 324. 50s.)Modern Economics. An Introduction. By L. Tarshis. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1967. Pp. xvi + 814. $8.95.)Microeconomic Analysis. By C. Lloyd. (Home…
Restructuring in the West Midlands’clothing industry
This article reviews the flexible specialisation debate in the context of the clothing industry in the West Midlands. It questions the central importance given to the introduction of technology in the recent restructuring of the industry and argues that such changes do not necessarily benefit the workforce
Restructuring in the NHS
Skill Shortages in the Clothing Industry
Microelectronics in the Clothing Industry
This article examines the impact of CAD/CAM on the UK clothing industry. It questions the extent to which computerisation has led to a greater choice over production strategy and argues that upskilling has not occurred
Computerising the salesforce
Employee participation and involvement in the introduction of change provide specific challenges for the non‐union firm. This article provides evidence from a case study of a pharmaceutical salesforce and argues that the lack of employee ‘voice’ in the introduction of technical change had far‐reaching consequences for employee satisfaction and the performance of the company
On the 'Political Economy of Skill
(2002). On the 'Political Economy of Skill': Assessing the Possibilities for a Viable High Skills Project in the United Kingdom. New Political Economy: Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 367-395
Forget birth pains, we haven't got past the conception stage yet”. A reply to Frank Coffield's ‘Britain's continuing failure to train
This article is a response to Frank Coffield's recent reflections in this journal on the Performance and Innovation Unit's project on workforce development in Britain. It questions the extent to which the PIU's findings represent a ‘new understanding’ of the UK's skills problem and asks why academics have been so reluctant to spell out what a demand‐side strategy for tackling the problem would involve
The political economy of skill and the limits of educational policy
In the UK policy context, skills, education and learning are seen as a universal solution to a vast array of economic and social problems. In challenging this view, this paper argues that those educationalists calling for progressive reforms to the education system need to acknowledge the reality of the contemporary workplace and the institutional context of UK capitalism. When it comes to the question of how the UK might move towards a more incl…
What is the ‘high skills society’? Some reflections on current academic and policy debates in the UK
The UK government has committed itself to building a high skills future for the UK. However, despite widespread use of terms such as the ‘knowledge economy’, ‘the high skills society’ and ‘the learning society’, there remains much confusion as to the kind of economy or society different commentators are actually aiming at. The paper seeks to add clarity to current debates by mapping the various visions to emerge from three key groupings: (i) gove…
The high skills project and the limits of possibility
In 2003, we wrote a critical reply to Frank Coffield’s reflections in this journal on the significance of the Performance and Innovation Unit’s project on workforce development for the future direction of skills policy in England. As Coffield made clear in a rejoinder, underpinning our arguments are fundamental disagreements about what would be required to tackle the low skills equilibrium and develop the UK as a high skills society. Coffield cri…
Goodbye to all that? a critical re-evaluation of the role of the high performance work organization within the UK skills debate
Too much pressure? Retailer power and occupational health and safety in the food processing industry
This article examines the impact of supply chain pressures on the UK food processing industry and the implications for occupational health and safety. Based upon case studies in three meat processing plants, the research found that although the number of accidents is declining, little progress has been made in dealing with the widespread ill-health problems associated with largely repetitive and, in some cases, heavy work regimes. Supermarkets pl…
The National Minimum Wage, Low Pay and the UK Hotel Industry
This article examines low pay and the national minimum wage in the UK hotel industry, focusing on the lowest remunerated workers in the industry - room attendants - who have hitherto been overlooked in studies of the industry. It draws on qualitative research from eight case studies and relates this material to other secondary data. By including employees' experience, it reveals the management and employment practices that have limited the effect…
Full of sound and fury, signifying nothing
A current theme within debates over interactive service work is that many routine service jobs are 'skilled' because they require workers to perform 'emotion work' and 'articulation work'. Drawing upon workers' views of their skills in two mass market call centres in the UK, the article questions the use and validity of these new skill concepts. It is argued that these concepts overplay the amount of task variation, discretion and control availab…
Delivering Flexibility
This article provides a comparative analysis of changes in numerical and functional labour flexibility in the French and the UK food processing industry. Based upon case study data, it explores the interaction between competitive pressures and institutional and regulatory structures and their impact on workplace practices. The findings indicate that, faced with a similar competitive environment, firms in both countries have sought to increase lab…
Raising the quality of vocational teachers
The view that vocational education and training is central to economic prosperity and social well‐being is one that is widely held by policy‐makers in many countries. Delivering this agenda requires skilled and professional teachers. Ensuring that vocational teachers are able to maintain and develop both their ‘craft’ skills and pedagogy, through continuing professional development (CPD), is, therefore, a growing area of policy concern. While res…
Quel développement professionnel continu pour les enseignants des matières professionnelles ? L’exemple de la coiffure. Approche comparée Angleterre, Pays de Galles, France et Norvège
Les enseignants de matière professionnelle ont la particularité de posséder une double identité professionnelle : ils sont enseignants mais sont aussi plombier, électricien, coiffeur ou autre, selon le métier qu’ils ont exercé avant de devenir enseignants. Cette double professionnalité est généralement mal prise en compte en matière de développement professionnel continu (DPC), l’accent étant davantage mis sur le DPC relatif au métier d’enseignan…
Changing job roles in the Norwegian and UK fitness industry
There has been considerable debate about the impact of different national institutional environments on work organization. The Nordic countries, with their strong trade unions and well developed systems of social partnership around collective bargaining and vocational education and training, are found to be particularly advanced when it comes to developing more autonomous job roles. While institutions are said to play a key role, some commentator…
The weakest link? Product market strategies, skill and pay in the hotel industry
There is a widely held assumption that product market strategies, skill and pay are linked. Supportive evidence is typically drawn from manufacturing and using quantitative analyses. Emergent research of the link in services is ambivalent and has methodological limitations. This article addresses this weakness. It compares the skills and pay of room attendants in upper and mid-market hotels using qualitative research. It finds that the link is we…
It’s all hands-on, even for management’
The growth in managerial jobs is often presented by policy makers as evidence of the UK’s success in developing high-skilled, well-paid employment. At the same time, concerns have been raised that the lack of higher level qualifications in the managerial workforce has a detrimental impact on productivity and performance. This article focuses on the relatively neglected figure of the first line manager in private services through a study of the UK…
Opportunity Knocks? The Possibilities and Levers for Improving Job Quality
This article focuses on demands and interventions to improve or maintain job quality. There is a need for better understanding of what can be done, by whom, and with what impacts. The article provides a framework for reflection focused on interventions within and outwith the workplace. Drawing on secondary data, it outlines the renewed policy and academic interest in job quality, examines the multilevel reasons for intervention and the factors th…
Response to Reviews of Skills in the Age of Over-Qualification
Rethinking country effects
Current debates around robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) are dominated by concerns over the threat to employment, amid widely varying estimates of potential job losses. Countries are expected to fare differently, but there is little comparative research that goes beyond analysing industry and occupational structures. This article rethinks ‘country effects’ by exploring the role of institutions and social actors in shaping technological ch…
Fewer jobs, better jobs? An international comparative study of robots and ‘routine’ work in the public sector
Routine manual work is often considered particularly vulnerable to digitalisation. Alongside potential employment effects, jobs are expected to change in terms of task and skill requirements. This article contributes to debates on the pace of digitalisation and the impact on low‐skilled manual work through a study of transport robots in public hospitals in Norway and Scotland. Drawing on qualitative research, the findings are used to analyse the …
Economics (22 works) · Political science (22 works) · Business (16 works) · Sociology (14 works) · Employment and Welfare Studies (13 works) · Labor Movements and Unions (12 works) · Public relations (11 works) · Marketing (10 works) · Engineering (9 works) · Labour economics (9 works)