Arthur Sakamoto
Biographic Data
| ID | 3630525 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Arthur Sakamoto |
| GIVEN NAMES | Arthur |
| FAMILY NAME | Sakamoto |
| SIGNATURE | SAKAMOTO A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Texas A&M University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1292-8274 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 52 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 746 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 52 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1988 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 13 |
What about immigration? The closed-population assumption in research on intergenerational income mobility
Research on intergenerational income mobility is highly informative and increasingly popular. A neglected aspect of these studies, however, is their implicit target population. Studies of income mobility are typically biased toward the representation of third-and-higher-generation persons. We refer to this practice as the closed-population assumption. First-generation, second-generation, and undocumented immigrants are less likely to be included …
Comment on Redstone’s “Democracy and the problem of certainty”
Redstone (Democracy and the Problem of Certainty. Theory and Society, 2024) provides a welcomed discussion of our general psychological propensity to become overly sure of our convictions and to thereby avoid critical thinking about them. Her analysis helps us to better understand the sources of this cognitive bias and its impact on sociology which has become overly ideological. This cognitive bias is also inconsistent with Merton’s norms of scie…
The Growth and Spatial Assimilation of the Asian American Population, 1860-2018
The research objective of this study is to document the growth and spatial distribution of the Asian American population from its initial inception in 1860 through the contemporary period. Because prior research on the Asian American population has been rather limited, we assemble data and statistics from various U.S. Censuses to document the long-term growth of the Asian American population. We also use descriptive statistics to analyze the dist…
The Prevalence of Hardship by Race and Ethnicity in the USA, 1992–2019
Do second-generation Asian Americans face a systematic disadvantage in occupational attainment? Comment on Tran, Lee and Huang
We critically review and discuss several methodological problems with their analysis. Their definition of the occupational hierarchy is unclear, and their inadequate statistical models exacerbate the vagueness of their results. They ignore gender interactions, and the age range of their target population seems too narrow for their research concerns. Their interpretation of their own statistical findings on occupational attainment is fundamentally…
How Employment Shapes Income Inequality
In this study, we analyze the relationship between the development of occupational structure and income inequality in Brazil and the U.S. While both Brazil and the U.S. face high levels of inequality, low socioeconomic development in Brazil notably reduces the proportion of total income that accrues in the bottom two quintiles of the income distribution. In the U.S., inequality is mostly due to unobserved differences within occupations and has gr…
Educational Variations in Cohort Trends in the Black-White Earnings Gap Among Men
Despite efforts to improve the labor market situation of African Americans, the racial earnings gap has endured in the United States. Most prior studies on racial inequality have considered its cross-sectional or period patterns. This study adopts a demographic perspective to examine the evolution of earnings trajectories among white and black men across cohorts in the United States. Using more than 40 years of longitudinal earnings records from …
Does wage reflect labor productivity? A comparison between Brazil and the United States
The study compares the relationship between wages and labor productivity for different categories of workers in Brazil and in the U.S. Analyses highlight to what extent the equilibrium between wages and productivity is related to the degree of economic development. Wages in the U.S. has shown to be more attached to labor productivity, while Brazil has experienced several economic cycles were average earnings grew initially much faster than labor …
Reservation Lands as a Protective Social Factor
The unique physical, cultural, and ecological location of U.S. American Indian reservations simultaneously presents risks for mental health and offers sources of resilience to Native peoples. Using survey data from two American Indian tribes, we explore whether the length of one's life spent on a reservation is associated with lower odds of psychological distress. In both tribes, we find that individuals who live a vast majority of their lives on…
Women’s Progress for Men’s Gain? Gender-Specific Changes in the Return to Education as Measured by Family Standard of Living, 1990 to 2009–2011
This study investigates gender-specific changes in the total financial return to education among persons of prime working ages (35–44 years) using U.S. Census data from 1990 and 2000, and the 2009–2011 American Community Survey. We define the total financial return to education as the family standard of living as measured by family income adjusted for family size. Our results indicate that women experienced significant progress in educational att…
Inequality
Occupational structure and socioeconomic inequality
This paper explores how occupational structure is associated with economic inequality in Brazil in comparison to the United States. Changes in the Brazilian and American occupational structures between 1983 and 2011 are investigated in order to assess how closely they generate high socioeconomic inequalities. The effects of education, age, gender and race on occupational attainment are taken into account. Highlights of the results include: (1) a …
Education and Lifetime Earnings in the United States
Differences in lifetime earnings by educational attainment have been of great research and policy interest. Although a large literature examines earnings differences by educational attainment, research on lifetime earnings—which refers to total accumulated earnings from entry into the labor market until retirement—remains limited because of the paucity of adequate data. Using data that match respondents in the Survey of Income and Program Partici…
Socioeconomic Attainments of Japanese Brazilians and Japanese Americans
This paper investigates the socioeconomic attainments of Japanese Brazilians and Japanese Americans. The findings indicate that Japanese Brazilians have higher levels of education and wages than white Brazilians, while Japanese Americans have higher levels of education and wages than white Americans. These results are inconsistent with a conventional "white supremacy" model that is popular in contemporary American sociology. We argue that that mo…
Field of Study in College and Lifetime Earnings in the United States
Our understanding about the relationship between education and lifetime earnings often neglects differences by field of study. Utilizing data that match respondents in the Survey of Income and Program Participation to their longitudinal earnings records based on administrative tax information, we investigate the trajectories of annual earnings following the same individuals over 20 years and then estimate the long-term effects of field of study o…
The Declining Significance of Racein the twenty-first century
No other book in modern sociology is so well known but yet so roundly dismissed as William J. Wilson's The Declining Significance of Race. Its major thesis is supported, however, by a great deal of credible and systematic evidence. Its historical analysis is notably informative and prescient in predicting rising class inequality. The Declining Significance of Race remains vitally important reading for enhancing our understanding of inequality in …
Bringing Productivity Back In
Using data on earnings and productivity for U.S. manufacturing industries from 1971 to 2001, we investigate economic rents and rising income inequalities. The results suggest that rents are most significant for managers, professionals, middle-aged workers, and older workers. Conversely, negative rents are evident for women, Hispanics, single men, and blue-collar workers. The underpayment of Hispanics appears to have increased while African Americ…
Demographic Factors Associated with Poverty among American Indians and Alaska Natives
Immigration and the Wages of Native Workers
Using data from the Current Population Survey, we study the impact of the increasing proportion of immigrants on the wages of native workers. Two different approaches are contrasted. The most common method has been the spatial approach that uses some geographic unit of analysis to investigate the multivariate association between the proportion of immigrants and the wages of native workers. Previous studies using the spatial approach have generall…
The Socioeconomic Attainments of Non-immigrant Cambodian, Filipino, Hmong, Laotian, Thai, and Vietnamese Americans
An Empirical Test of Alternative Theories of Educational Inequality
A classic issue in education centers on the nature of the relationship between schooling and labor market outcomes. Three general theories of this relationship are the human capital view, the market signal view, and the credentialist view. All three approaches predict a positive association between education and wages, but they differ in regard to its underlying causes. We argue that these theories may be fundamentally differentiated in terms of …
The Myth of the Model Minority Myth
With continued cost increases as well as demands for charitable donations and economic subsidies, universities are concerned with public relations and political legitimacy. The latter are fostered by the Model Minority Myth which implicitly asserts the moral superiority of universities and their graduates by condemning American society in general and the white working class in particular as being racist. Despite its intellectual and empirical lim…
Poverty among Asian Americans in the 21St Century
Using the American Community Survey from 2005 to 2007, this study investigates absolute and relative poverty among Asian-Americans. The results indicate that both absolute and relative poverty are slightly higher among Asians than among whites overall as well as by nativity status (i.e., foreign born vs. native born). More detailed analysis suggests, however, that these racial differences appear to be largely associated with factors relating to i…
Socioeconomic differentials among single-race and multi-race Japanese Americans
Using data from the 2000 US Census, this study investigates various groups of single-race and multi-race Japanese Americans in terms of their schooling and wages. The results indicate that all categories of Japanese Americans tend to have higher schooling than whites. Single-race Japanese Americans tend to have higher schooling than multi-race Japanese Americans, and 1.5-generation Japanese Americans tend to have higher schooling than native-born…
Bringing the firms into globalization research
Socioeconomic Attainments of Asian Americans
According to the majority-minority paradigm, racial and ethnic minorities have lower socioeconomic characteristics than whites owing to discrimination. Asian Americans defy this conventional view, however, at least on average. Asian Americans tend to have higher mean levels of educational achievements, and several recent studies indicate approximate parity with whites in most arenas of the labor market for those Asian Americans who were schooled …
The Rise of Intra-Occupational Wage Inequality in the United States, 1983 to 2002
Wage inequality has increased dramatically in the United States since the 1980s. This article investigates the relationship between this trend and occupational structure measured at the three-digit level. Using the Current Population Survey from 1983 to 2002, we find that the direct association between occupations and wage inequality declined over this period as within-occupational inequality grew faster than betweenoccupational inequality. We es…
Have Asian American Men Achieved Labor Market Parity with White Men
We use the 2003 National Survey of College Graduates to investigate earnings differentials between white and Asian American men. We extend prior literature by disaggregating Asian Americans by their immigration status in relation to the U.S. educational system, and by accounting for the effects of field of study and college type. Net of the latter variables and other demographic controls, native-born Asian American men have 8 percent lower earnin…
Field of Study in College and Lifetime Earnings in the United States
Our understanding about the relationship between education and lifetime earnings often neglects differences by field of study. Utilizing data that match respondents in the Survey of Income and Program Participation to their longitudinal earnings records based on administrative tax information, we investigate the trajectories of annual earnings following the same individuals over 20 years and then estimate the long-term effects of field of study o…
Education and Lifetime Earnings in the United States
Differences in lifetime earnings by educational attainment have been of great research and policy interest. Although a large literature examines earnings differences by educational attainment, research on lifetime earnings—which refers to total accumulated earnings from entry into the labor market until retirement—remains limited because of the paucity of adequate data. Using data that match respondents in the Survey of Income and Program Partici…
Inequality and Attainment in a Dual Labor Market
Models of wage determination and sector attainment are estimated for a cohort of young men in a dual labor market. Neoclassical economic vs. dual labor market views on market equilibrium are contrasted. Although schooling is rewarded similarly in the primary and secondary sectors, other results support the dual labor market view that employment in the primary sector is rationed via a queuing mechanism
The declining significance of race among American men during The latter half of the twentieth century
The extent to which racial minority groups face discrimination in the labor market is the subject of considerable debate. Using William J. Wilson’s thesis of the declining significance of race as our theoretical context, we provide further empirical evidence about labor market discrimination by investigating wages among African American, American Indian, Chinese American, Hispanic white, Japanese American, and non-Hispanic white men. We find, dur…
Educational Variations in Cohort Trends in the Black-White Earnings Gap Among Men
Despite efforts to improve the labor market situation of African Americans, the racial earnings gap has endured in the United States. Most prior studies on racial inequality have considered its cross-sectional or period patterns. This study adopts a demographic perspective to examine the evolution of earnings trajectories among white and black men across cohorts in the United States. Using more than 40 years of longitudinal earnings records from …
Education and the Dual Labor Market for Japanese Men
Les AA. decrivent le syteme educatif japonais. Ils montrent que l'intense competition qui le caracterise reflete le haut degre de segmentation du marche du travail japonais. Au Japon le premier emploi determine les possibilites ulterieures en ce qui concerne la carriere, l'avancement. Les AA. analysent un certain nombre de donnees collectees entre 1954 et 1975. Ils montrent que le niveau d'education est le principal facteur qui determine l'acces …
The Myth of the Model Minority Myth
With continued cost increases as well as demands for charitable donations and economic subsidies, universities are concerned with public relations and political legitimacy. The latter are fostered by the Model Minority Myth which implicitly asserts the moral superiority of universities and their graduates by condemning American society in general and the white working class in particular as being racist. Despite its intellectual and empirical lim…
The Structure of Social Stratification in the United States
Preface. 1.Sociology and Stratification. Theoretical Perspectives on Stratification. Karl Marx. Max Weber. Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore. Ralf Dahrendorf. Gerhard Lenski. A Strategy for the Study of Stratification. Historical and International Dimensions of Stratification. Levels of Analysis and Stratification. Power and Stratification. 2.Social Class and Stratification: Occupational Prestige and Class Identification. Occupational Prestige. Oc…
Poverty among Asian Americans in the 21St Century
Using the American Community Survey from 2005 to 2007, this study investigates absolute and relative poverty among Asian-Americans. The results indicate that both absolute and relative poverty are slightly higher among Asians than among whites overall as well as by nativity status (i.e., foreign born vs. native born). More detailed analysis suggests, however, that these racial differences appear to be largely associated with factors relating to i…
The Persistence of Racial Disadvantage
The Socioeconomic Attainments of Non-immigrant Cambodian, Filipino, Hmong, Laotian, Thai, and Vietnamese Americans
The Socioeconomic Attainments of Second-Generation Cambodian, Hmong, Laotian, and Vietnamese Americans
We investigate the socioeconomic attainments of second-generation Cambodian, Hmong, Laotian, and Vietnamese Americans. Using 2000 Census data, we focus on education, wages, and managerial/professional employment relative to African Americans and whites. The second-generation Vietnamese stand out as having extraordinarily high average values on these indicators. By contrast, the socioeconomic attainments of second-generation Cambodians, Hmong, and…
Bringing Productivity Back In
Using data on earnings and productivity for U.S. manufacturing industries from 1971 to 2001, we investigate economic rents and rising income inequalities. The results suggest that rents are most significant for managers, professionals, middle-aged workers, and older workers. Conversely, negative rents are evident for women, Hispanics, single men, and blue-collar workers. The underpayment of Hispanics appears to have increased while African Americ…
Do second-generation Asian Americans face a systematic disadvantage in occupational attainment? Comment on Tran, Lee and Huang
We critically review and discuss several methodological problems with their analysis. Their definition of the occupational hierarchy is unclear, and their inadequate statistical models exacerbate the vagueness of their results. They ignore gender interactions, and the age range of their target population seems too narrow for their research concerns. Their interpretation of their own statistical findings on occupational attainment is fundamentally…
Exploitation in Contemporary Capitalism
Using data for manufacturing firms in Taiwan, we developed a measure of exploitation and analyzed its prevalence in the labor force. Our results indicated that almost two-thirds of the firms in our sample exploit at least some of their workers. For these firms, the average profit rate is 34 percent, but three-fourths of this figure derives from the expropriated wages of their workers. Female and blue-collar workers are the largest groups that are…
Who Is Hispanic? Hispanic Identity among African Americans, Asian Americans, Others, and Whites
Hispanics are now the largest minority group in the United States and their presence is likely to continue to expand. Little is known, however, about the correlates of Hispanic identity or the processes that are involved in its maintenance. We investigate these issues by ascertaining and then seeking to understand the various associations between reported racial identities and Hispanic ethnicity using data from the Current Population Surveys. Res…
Demographic Factors Associated with Poverty among American Indians and Alaska Natives
American Indian household structure and income
We use the 1980 Public-Use Microdata Sample to consider the relationship between household structure and economic well-being among American Indians. Wefocus on the total U.S. Indian population and on there sidents of 19 “Indian states” where there has been relatively little growth in the Indian population by means ofchanges in racial self-identification. Using Sweet’s (1984) scheme of household types, we find that the prevalence among Indians of …
Women’s Progress for Men’s Gain? Gender-Specific Changes in the Return to Education as Measured by Family Standard of Living, 1990 to 2009–2011
This study investigates gender-specific changes in the total financial return to education among persons of prime working ages (35–44 years) using U.S. Census data from 1990 and 2000, and the 2009–2011 American Community Survey. We define the total financial return to education as the family standard of living as measured by family income adjusted for family size. Our results indicate that women experienced significant progress in educational att…
Socioeconomic Attainments of Japanese Brazilians and Japanese Americans
This paper investigates the socioeconomic attainments of Japanese Brazilians and Japanese Americans. The findings indicate that Japanese Brazilians have higher levels of education and wages than white Brazilians, while Japanese Americans have higher levels of education and wages than white Americans. These results are inconsistent with a conventional "white supremacy" model that is popular in contemporary American sociology. We argue that that mo…
Declining inter-industry wage dispersion in the US
A critique of Wright's analysis of exploitation
American Indian household structure and income
We use the 1980 Public-Use Microdata Sample to consider the relationship between household structure and economic well-being among American Indians. Wefocus on the total U.S. Indian population and on there sidents of 19 “Indian states” where there has been relatively little growth in the Indian population by means ofchanges in racial self-identification. Using Sweet’s (1984) scheme of household types, we find that the prevalence among Indians of …
Labor Market Structure, Human Capital, and Earnings Inequality in Metropolitan Areas
The Structure of Social Stratification in the United States
Preface. 1.Sociology and Stratification. Theoretical Perspectives on Stratification. Karl Marx. Max Weber. Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore. Ralf Dahrendorf. Gerhard Lenski. A Strategy for the Study of Stratification. Historical and International Dimensions of Stratification. Levels of Analysis and Stratification. Power and Stratification. 2.Social Class and Stratification: Occupational Prestige and Class Identification. Occupational Prestige. Oc…
Gender Differentials in Poverty-Mortality Well-Being
This paper explores the application of a life table approach to the analysis of poverty. After reviewing trends in gender differentials in poverty and mortality, we investigate an indicator of poverty-mortality well-being. The rationale for this approach is that to some extent poverty and mortality are causally interrelated phenomena which are both fundamental to well-being. The empirical results indicate that females are expected to live more ye…
Inequality and Attainment in a Dual Labor Market
Models of wage determination and sector attainment are estimated for a cohort of young men in a dual labor market. Neoclassical economic vs. dual labor market views on market equilibrium are contrasted. Although schooling is rewarded similarly in the primary and secondary sectors, other results support the dual labor market view that employment in the primary sector is rationed via a queuing mechanism
Further Evidence on Returns to Schooling by Establishment Size
Stolzenberg (1978) has argued thatfor white male employees the effect of schooling on logearnings is greater in larger establishments. We replicate Stolzenberg's study using the 1979 Current Population Survey. This survey includes information on establishment size and provides a much larger sample size to work with. Our results do not indicate a positive establishment size/schooling interaction. To the contrary, when Stolzenberg's (1978) model sp…
The effect of schooling on income in Japan
Social Mobility in Contemporary Japan
Education and the Dual Labor Market for Japanese Men
Les AA. decrivent le syteme educatif japonais. Ils montrent que l'intense competition qui le caracterise reflete le haut degre de segmentation du marche du travail japonais. Au Japon le premier emploi determine les possibilites ulterieures en ce qui concerne la carriere, l'avancement. Les AA. analysent un certain nombre de donnees collectees entre 1954 et 1975. Ils montrent que le niveau d'education est le principal facteur qui determine l'acces …
Work and Pay in the United States and Japan
A Fifty-Year Perspective on the Declining Significance of Race in the Occupational Attainment of White and Black Men
Using William J. Wilson's thesis of the declining significance of race as our theoretical context, we investigate comparable models of occupational attainment before and after the civil rights movement. The results indicate that in the later period the net disadvantage of being black is consistently lower than in the pre-civil rights period. Furthermore, in the later period the effects of class among black men are consistently greater than are th…
The declining significance of race among American men during The latter half of the twentieth century
The extent to which racial minority groups face discrimination in the labor market is the subject of considerable debate. Using William J. Wilson’s thesis of the declining significance of race as our theoretical context, we provide further empirical evidence about labor market discrimination by investigating wages among African American, American Indian, Chinese American, Hispanic white, Japanese American, and non-Hispanic white men. We find, dur…
A critique of Wright's analysis of exploitation
A Sociology of Work in Japan
The Socioeconomic Attainments of Second-Generation Cambodian, Hmong, Laotian, and Vietnamese Americans
We investigate the socioeconomic attainments of second-generation Cambodian, Hmong, Laotian, and Vietnamese Americans. Using 2000 Census data, we focus on education, wages, and managerial/professional employment relative to African Americans and whites. The second-generation Vietnamese stand out as having extraordinarily high average values on these indicators. By contrast, the socioeconomic attainments of second-generation Cambodians, Hmong, and…
The Rise of Intra-Occupational Wage Inequality in the United States, 1983 to 2002
Wage inequality has increased dramatically in the United States since the 1980s. This article investigates the relationship between this trend and occupational structure measured at the three-digit level. Using the Current Population Survey from 1983 to 2002, we find that the direct association between occupations and wage inequality declined over this period as within-occupational inequality grew faster than betweenoccupational inequality. We es…
Does Inequality Increase Productivity
Wage inequality was investigated using the Current Population Survey combined with data on industrial productivity from the Center for Economic Studies of the U.S. Census Bureau. The research objective was to estimate the net effect of wage inequality on productivity in U.S. manufacturing industries from 1979 to 1996. Using fixed-effects panel models that control for unobserved differences in productivity across these industries, the results do n…
Who Is Hispanic? Hispanic Identity among African Americans, Asian Americans, Others, and Whites
Hispanics are now the largest minority group in the United States and their presence is likely to continue to expand. Little is known, however, about the correlates of Hispanic identity or the processes that are involved in its maintenance. We investigate these issues by ascertaining and then seeking to understand the various associations between reported racial identities and Hispanic ethnicity using data from the Current Population Surveys. Res…
Declining inter-industry wage dispersion in the US
The Effects of Absolute and Relative Incomes on Job Satisfaction among Male Workers in Japan
Using a series of cross-sectional surveys, we investigate the sources of job satisfaction among Japanese male workers from 1955 to 1985. Our analysis focuses on income and disentangles the net effects of absolute income versus relative income during a period of high economic growth. The results indicate that both absolute income and relative income have substantial effects on job satisfaction after controlling for the respondent's demographic cha…
Earnings Attainment of Chinese Americans
Socioeconomic Attainments of Asian Americans
According to the majority-minority paradigm, racial and ethnic minorities have lower socioeconomic characteristics than whites owing to discrimination. Asian Americans defy this conventional view, however, at least on average. Asian Americans tend to have higher mean levels of educational achievements, and several recent studies indicate approximate parity with whites in most arenas of the labor market for those Asian Americans who were schooled …
The Persistence of Racial Disadvantage
Exploitation in Contemporary Capitalism
Using data for manufacturing firms in Taiwan, we developed a measure of exploitation and analyzed its prevalence in the labor force. Our results indicated that almost two-thirds of the firms in our sample exploit at least some of their workers. For these firms, the average profit rate is 34 percent, but three-fourths of this figure derives from the expropriated wages of their workers. Female and blue-collar workers are the largest groups that are…
Have Asian American Men Achieved Labor Market Parity with White Men
We use the 2003 National Survey of College Graduates to investigate earnings differentials between white and Asian American men. We extend prior literature by disaggregating Asian Americans by their immigration status in relation to the U.S. educational system, and by accounting for the effects of field of study and college type. Net of the latter variables and other demographic controls, native-born Asian American men have 8 percent lower earnin…
Economics (39 works) · Sociology (36 works) · Demographic economics (29 works) · Demography (25 works) · Political science (20 works) · Demography (19 works) · Economic growth (19 works) · Geography (19 works) · Labor market dynamics and wage inequality (19 works) · Population (19 works)